The Anthropocene in Geography     

Susy Svatek Ziegler 《Geographical review》2019,109(2):271-280

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Eco-Ethnography and Citizen Science: Lessons from Within     

Cynthia A. Grace-McCaskey  Briana Iatarola  Alex K. Manda  J. Randall Etheridge 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(10):1123-1138

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Local ecological knowledge demonstrates shifting baselines and the large-scale decline of sawfishes (Pristidae) in Tanzania   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G Braulik  M Kasuga  G Majubwa 《African Journal of Marine Science》2020,42(1):67-79

Sawfishes are coastally distributed rays that grow to very large sizes. All five species are assessed as Endangered or Critically Endangered as a result of population declines caused mainly by entanglements in fishing gear and by habitat degradation. Three species occur in the western Indian Ocean, but their populations are believed to have declined drastically in many areas and little is known about their presence in Tanzania. Fisher interviews were conducted to provide an overview of the status of sawfishes in Tanzania and to highlight where conservation actions should be focused to conserve sawfishes nationally. In total, 386 interviews were conducted: 296 at 31 villages in four regions on Tanzania’s mainland, and 90 interviews at 12 villages in four regions of Pemba Island. Less than half (46%) of the fishers were familiar with sawfishes and could identify one from a photograph. A precipitous decline in sawfish abundance in Tanzania could be inferred from the age-related decline in local knowledge of their existence; all fishers aged between 70 and 80 years were familiar with sawfishes, whereas only 10% of fishers younger than age 20 had ever heard of them. A total of 29 sawfish records were compiled, comprising 16 rostra and 14 catches that occurred between 2002 and 2014 (one record included both a catch and a rostrum). All rostra examined were from the largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis. Since 2002, the sawfish catches occurred in three locations, all on the mainland coast: in the southern Mtwara region, in the vicinity of the Rufiji Delta, and at Bagamoyo on the Zanzibar Channel. Interview data and rostra evidence suggest that the Rufiji Delta may be a largetooth sawfish nursery area, and confirmation of this should be a priority.  相似文献   

Evaluating the influence of candidate terrestrial protected areas on coral reef condition in Fiji     

《Marine Policy》2014

In any given region, there are multiple options for terrestrial protected area networks that achieve goals for conservation of terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem values. When deciding on the location of terrestrial protected areas, planners typically focus only on terrestrial conservation goals, ignoring potential linked benefits to marine ecosystems. These benefits include maintenance of downstream water quality, as forest protection can prevent changes in amount and composition of river runoff that negatively impacts coral reefs. This study aims to determine the benefit of different terrestrial reserve networks to the condition of coral reefs adjacent to the main islands of Fiji to support the work of Fiji's Protected Area Committee in expanding the national protected area estate through integrated land–sea planning. Options for terrestrial protected area networks were designed using six approaches, where the primary objective of each approach was to either achieve terrestrial conservation goals (e.g., represent 40% of each vegetation type) or maximize benefits to coral reefs by minimizing potential for land-based runoff. When achieving terrestrial conservation goals was the primary objective, the potential benefits to coral reef condition were 7.7–10.4% greater than benefits from the existing network of protected areas. When benefiting reefs was the primary objective, benefits to coral reefs were 1.1–2.8 times greater per unit area than networks designed to only achieve terrestrial conservation goals, but 31–44% of the terrestrial conservation goals were not achieved. These results are already being used by Fiji's Protected Area Committee to modify the boundaries of existing priority places to deliver outcomes that better meet terrestrial conservation goals while offering greater benefits to coral reef condition through prevention of run-off.  相似文献   

黄海大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的空间格局   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭松耀  李新正  徐勇  闫嘉  王洪法  张宝琳 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(3):456-466

本研究根据2000年10月、2001年3月、2003年6月、2004年1月、2011年4月和8月黄海大型底栖动物调查资料(仅2011年4月和8月航次测定水体和沉积物环境数据)对黄海大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的空间格局及其与环境因子的相互关系进行研究。结果表明,黄海大型底栖动物功能摄食类群相对丰度较高的为肉食者、食底泥者和滤食者。黄海大型底栖动物食底泥者和肉食者相对丰度高值出现在2011年8月航次,分别为44.88%和39.04%。黄海大型底栖动物空间分布以黄海冷水团区域为参照,黄海大型底栖动物肉食者主要分布在黄海冷水团边缘靠近海州湾东侧。食底泥者主要分布在黄海近岸及黄海冷水团边缘。滤食者主要分布在黄海冷水团中央区域。运用摄食多样性指数(J′FD)对黄海水域生态质量和底栖群落健康状况进行评价,结果表明,黄海近岸海域生态质量状况较低。对2011年4月和8月航次黄海大型底栖动物功能群与环境因子进行冗余分析,结果表明,底层水温度、盐度、水深和中值粒径是影响黄海大型底栖动物功能摄食类群的主要环境因素。  相似文献   

Classification of marine bioregions on the east coast of South Africa     

T-C Livingstone  JM Harris  AT Lombard  AJ Smit  DS Schoeman 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):51-65

Marine bioregional planning requires a meaningful classification and spatial delineation of the ocean environment using biological and physical characteristics. The relative inaccessibility of much of the ocean and the paucity of directly measured data spanning entire planning regions mean that surrogate data, such as satellite imagery, are frequently used to develop spatial classifications. However, due to a lack of appropriate biological data, these classifications often rely on abiotic variables, which act as surrogates for biodiversity. The aim of this study was to produce a fine-scale bioregional classification, using multivariate clustering, for the inshore and offshore marine environment off the east coast of South Africa, adjacent to the province of KwaZulu-Natal and out to the boundary of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), 200 nautical miles offshore. We used remotely sensed data of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a and turbidity, together with interpolated bathymetry and continental-slope data, as well as additional inshore data on sediments, seabed oxygen and bottom temperature. A multivariate k-means analysis was used to produce a fine-scale marine bioregionalisation, with three bioregions subdivided into 12 biozones. The offshore classification was primarily a pelagic bioregionalisation, whereas the inshore classification (on the continental shelf) was a coupled benthopelagic bioregionalisation, owing to the availability of benthic data for this area. The resulting classification was used as a base layer for a systematic conservation plan developed for the province, and provided the methods for subsequent planning conducted for the entire South African EEZ. Validation of the classification is currently being conducted in marine research programmes that are sampling benthic biota and habitats in a sampling design stratified according to the biozones delineated in this study.  相似文献   

改进的自适应遗传算法支持下点云与BIM模型配准     

李国远  王健  刘秀涵  孙文潇 《测绘通报》2020,(2):160-162

在钢结构数字化检测中，点云与设计模型的配准是进行数字化检测的关键步骤，配准的精确度决定了检测分析的准确度。传统配准方法一般先进行粗配准再进行精确配准，计算量大且收敛速度缓慢。针对精确配准存在的问题，本文提出了基于改进的自适应遗传算法用于点云与设计模型的配准方法，自适应地调整交叉概率与变异概率的执行顺序及概率值的大小，提高了种群的多样性及收敛速度。试验证明，改进后的自适应遗传算法极大地提高了点云与模型配准精度和收敛速度。  相似文献   

不同无机氮浓度下三角褐指藻藻际细菌群落变化研究     

石峰  魏晓雪  冯剑丰  孙迎雪  朱琳 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(12):118-128

藻际环境细菌和微藻间存在着独特的生态关系，它们可以通过转化和交换浮游植物分泌的有机质来影响其生理和代谢。尽管一些功能微生物在藻际环境的营养循环中具有重要作用，例如氮代谢，但是关于细菌群落与共生藻类如何响应环境中氮营养条件的改变目前并不十分清楚，其对于我们了解全球营养物质循环、藻华的形成以及生态系统功能至关重要。本文基于16S rRNA基因的高通量测序技术，分析了不同形态、不同浓度无机氮培养条件下三角褐指藻藻际环境中相关细菌群落的多样性和群落结构。系统发育分析结果表明，变形菌（Proteobacteria）和拟杆菌（Bacteroidetes）是所有样品中的优势菌，占序列总数的99.5%。同时发现，不同氮浓度培养条件下，细菌群落结构随微藻丰度的变化而改变。氮浓度及形态的变化对菌群结构的影响不显著。此外，γ-变形菌纲中三种细菌（Marinobacter；Algiphilus；Methylophaga）的相对丰度在氮限制培养条件下明显增加，它们可能在共生体系的氮转化过程中具有重要作用。  相似文献   

山东南部近海春季大型底栖动物丰度、生物量及群落结构研究     

钟海霞  曲方圆  隋吉星  张蒙生  涂梁莉  赵凡淇  于子山 《海洋通报》2018,(1):88-98

于2007年4月对山东南部近海进行了32个站位的大型底栖动物研究,共发现大型底栖动物170种,其中多毛类87种,软体动物25种,甲壳类47种,棘皮动物7种,其他类群4种。排名前3位的优势种是背蚓虫(Notomastus latericeus)、东方缝栖蛤(Hiatella orientalia)和寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephtys oligobranchia)。研究海域大型底栖动物总平均丰度为1494 ind/m~2,总平均生物量为13.88 g/m~2,生物多样性指数H′、J′和d的平均值分别为:3.856、0.805和4.004。在30%相似度水平上,该海域大型底栖动物可划分为4个群落。综合H′和ABC曲线的结果,山东南部海域底栖生态环境较好。  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1984,36(3):376-412

Book Reviewed in this article: Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics . J. O. Ayoade. Conservation and Management of Natural Resources in the United States . Charles F. Bennett. The Keeping of Animals: Adaptation and Social Relations in Livestock Producing Communities . Riva Berleant-Schiller and Eugenia Shanklin, ed. The Evolution of Geographic Thought in America: A Kentucky Root Wilford A. Bladen and Pradyumna P. Karan, eds. Latin America: Geographical Perspectives , 2nd ed. Harold Blakemore and Clifford T. Smith, ed. The Rural Real Estate Market. Department of Geography Publication Series, No. 18 . Chris Bryant. Urban Geomorphology in Drylands . R. U. Cooke, D. Brunsden, J. C. Doornkamp, and D. K. C. Jones with contributions by J. Griffiths, P. Knott, R. Potter, and R. Russell. Italian Geography, 1960–1980. Meeting of the Status of the Geographic Research in Italy, 1960–1980. Treated under the auspices of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and organized by Istituto di Geografia Umana della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Giacomo Corna Pellecrini and Carlo Brusa, eds. The Changing Fenland . H. C. Darby. The Future for the City Centre . R. L. Davies and A. G. Champion, eds. Saudi Arabia, Energy, Developmental Planning, and Industrialization . Ragaei El Mallakh, Dorothea H. El Mallakh, eds. For We Are Sold, I and My People: Women and Industry in Mexico's Frontier . Maria Patricia Fernández-Kelly. The Great Lakes Forest: An Environmental and Social History . Susan L. Flader, ed. Regional Transformation and Industrial Revolution: A Geography of the Yorkshire Woolen Industry . Derek Gregory Crime in City Politics . Anne Heinz, Herbert Jacob and Robert L. Lineberry, eds. Revitalizing Cities . H. Briavel Holcomb and Robert A. Beauregard. Cartographic Relief Presentation . Eduard Imhof. H. J. Steward, Trans. Soviet Union: A Geographical Survey . S. V. Kalesnik and V. F. Pavlenko, ed. Cognition and Environment . Stephen Kaplan and Rachel Kaplan. Environmental Protection: The International Dimension . David A. Kay and Harold K. Jacobsen, eds. Mathematical Programming Methods for Geographers and Planners , James Killen. Gentrification Amid Urban Decline: Strategies for America's Older Cities . Michael H. Lang. The North Atlantic Sulphur System . Risto Laulajainen. The Jerusalem Cathedra: Studies in the History, Archaeology, Geography and Ethnography of the Land of Israel, Vol. 2 . Lee I. Levine ed. Jerusalem and Detroit: Recreation Planning and Management . Stanely R. Lieber and Daniel R. Fesenmaier, eds. Heartland and Hinterland: A Geography of Canada . L. D. McCann, ed. Scarborough Where We Live: The Residential Districts of Minneapolis and St. Paul . Judith A. Martin and David A. Lanegran. California: The Geography of Diversity . Crane S. Miller and Richard S. Hyslop. Palo Alto The Dilemma of Amazonian Development . Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder Nuclear Waste: Socioeconomic Dimensions of Long-Term Storage . Steve H. Murdock, F. Larry Leistritz, and Rita R. Hamm, eds. Boulder Communism and the Politics of Inequalities . Daniel N. Nelson, ed. The Los Angeles Metropolis . Howard J. Nelson. Dubuque An Historical Geography of Urban System Development: Tidewater Virginia in the 18th Century . James O'Mara. Procedures and Standards for a Multipurpose Cadastre . East Asia: Geographical and Historical Approaches to Foreign Area Studies . Clifton W. Pannell, ed. Dubuque Mackinder: Geography as an Aid to Statecraft . W. H. Parker. Beyond the Urban Fringe: Land Use Issues of Nonmetropolitan America . Rutherford H. Platt and George Macinko, eds. Recreation Geography of the USSR . V. S. Preobrazhensky and V. M. Krivosheyev, eds. Missouri: A Geography . Milton D. Rafferty The Invisible Farmers: Women in Agricultural Production . Carolyn E. Sachs. Cayman Islands Seashore Vegetation: A Study in Comparative Biogeography . Jonathan D. Sauer. Hillslope Materials and Processes . Michael J. Selby. Housing in Britain: The Post-War Experience . John R. Short The Study of Population: Elements, Patterns and Processes . George A. Schnell and Mark Stephen Monmonier. Columbus The Soviet Union: A Systematic Geography . Leslie Symons, ed. The Ottoman Slave Trade and Its Suppression . Ehud R. Toledano. The Impact of Recession on Industry, Employment and the Regions, 1976–1981 . Alan R. Townsend. Landslides and Their Control , 2nd ed. Quido Záruba and Vojtech Mencl. Translated from the Czech by H. Zárubová and V. Mencl.  相似文献