沙漠区生物结皮层中藓类植物繁殖体发育实验研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李琴琴  白学良  任向宇 《中国沙漠》2008,28(2):289-293

对12种藓类植物（高山大帽藓,斜叶芦荟藓、芦荟藓、卵叶藓、厚肋流苏藓、盐土藓、无疣墙藓、土生对齿藓、红叶藓、真藓、丛生真藓、垂蒴真藓）的成熟孢子和6种藓类（斜叶芦荟藓、芦荟藓、卵叶藓、厚肋流苏藓、盐土藓、闭蒴盐土藓）的茎叶碎片在室温下培养,培养液为土壤浸出液,对照组为蒸馏水和自来水。在光学显微镜下描绘和照相记录孢子萌发与原丝体发育过程,发现除斜叶芦荟藓、盐土藓、卵叶藓、厚肋流苏藓外其余藓类的孢子均正常萌发。茎叶培养实验中除卵叶藓外的5个种都产生了大量的原丝体,表明旱生藓类的茎叶具有极强的无性繁殖能力。确定了孢子形态、萌发时间、萌发极向、萌发类型,探讨了藓类孢子萌发和原丝体的发育以及茎叶碎片的繁殖和传播特性,并分析了4种藓类孢子未萌发的原因以及无性繁殖对苔藓植物个体建成的重要性。实验结果为深入探索在生物结皮层形成过程中藓类植物的繁殖生物学作用提供了理论和实验依据。  相似文献   

甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长对NaCl胁迫的响应   总被引：19，自引：7，他引：12  

陈年来  马国军  张玉鑫  王春林 《中国沙漠》2006,26(5):814-819

在盆栽条件下研究了NaCl胁迫对黄河蜜和白沙蜜甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:NaCl胁迫对甜瓜种子吸水和累计发芽率影响较小,但明显延缓后期吸水和发芽进程。50 mmol·L-1以上NaCl浓度下,甜瓜种子相对发芽指数、相对活力指数和胚根生长量均下降。NaCl胁迫抑制甜瓜幼苗高度、株叶面积增长和干物质积累,抑制作用具有浓度和时间依赖性。NaCl胁迫对甜瓜幼苗形态生长的抑制作用强于对物质积累的抑制作用,对根系干物质积累的抑制作用高于对地上部干物质积累的抑制作用,对白沙蜜的抑制作用强于对黄河蜜的抑制作用。甜瓜种子和幼苗能适应的临界NaCl浓度在100~150 mmol·L-1之间,厚皮甜瓜可能更适合作为咸水灌溉和盐碱地生产的经济作物。  相似文献   

不同光质对坛紫菜果孢子和壳孢子萌发的影响          下载免费PDF全文

刘嘉嘉  梁小君  周琳琳  钟晨辉  郭辰涛  唐隆晨  林琪 《应用海洋学学报》2023,42(3):409-415

本研究探究了白、蓝、红、绿光4种光质对坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)果孢子和壳孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,与白光相比,用绿光培养时,果孢子萌发管分枝形成速度、萌发管生长速度,以及壳孢子的细胞分裂速度均相对较快,用红光与蓝光培养时则相对较慢。不同光质对坛紫菜果孢子和壳孢子的存活率无显著影响,但能造成萌发体色泽呈现明显差异。刚从孢子囊释放出来的两种孢子均呈黄褐色,经白光培养的两种孢子以及蓝光培养的果孢子,其萌发体颜色加深至鲜红色,蓝光培养的壳孢子萌发体颜色加深尤为明显,最终呈深紫红色,而红光和绿光培养的两种孢子颜色变浅,最终呈浅黄褐色。研究表明,绿光培养可能不利于坛紫菜孢子萌发过程的色素积累,但有利于孢子萌发及萌发体的生长。  相似文献   

Distribution and germination of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea     

ZHANG Yuyu  LU Songhui  ZHANG Chuansong  GAO Yahui 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):121-128

The abundance and temporal patterns of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea in 2006 have been investigated. The abundance of viable resting stages was enumerated with the most probable number (MPN) technique. Overall, 25 diatom species (including varieties) belonging to 16 genera were detected. Viable resting stage cells were common, on the order of 10³ to 10⁶ cells/g dry mass. The abundant taxa included Skeletonema marina, S. dohrnii, Chaetoceros curvisetus and Thalassiosira spp., with Skeletonema accounting for 83.3% of the cell. The effects of temperature (10, 15, 20, 25℃), salinity (20, 25, 30, 35 psu) and light intensity (0, 300, 4 000, 8 000 lux) on the germination of resting stages in sediment samples were also determined. The results showed that light intensity had a significant positive effect on the germination of diatom resting stage cells (p <0.01) and that diatoms could not germinate in darkness. Temperature and salinity had no noticeable effects on the germination. The present study suggests that there are abundant diatom resting cells in sediments of the East China Sea, which could serve as a "seed bank" in the phytoplankton population succession and contribute to the initiation of algal blooms.  相似文献   

Environmental limitations on recruitment from seed in invasive Spartina densiflora on a southern European salt marsh     

Enrique Mateos-Naranjo  Susana Redondo-Gmez  Carlos J. Luque  Eloy M. Castellanos  Anthony J. Davy  M. Enrique Figueroa 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):727-732

The South American cordgrass, Spartina densiflora, has invaded a range of different habitats that can support different native species assemblages on salt marshes in the Gulf of Cadiz, Spain. Little is known about the mechanisms of invasion. We examined the potential for seed germination and recruitment in a field transplant experiment, representing a wide range of environments, on elevational gradients across marshes with muddy and sandy sediments. The biotic resistance of native, perennial vegetation (where present) to recruitment of the alien was also investigated. Spartina densiflora seeds were able to germinate over a greater than 2-m range of elevation in the tidal frame. Germination success on unvegetated muddy sediments was related to sediment redox potential, with poor germination at strongly negative redox potentials on the lower sites. On sandy, well-drained sediments, germination was apparently constrained by water availability at the highest elevations. Comparison of vegetated and cleared plots on the upper marsh showed that there was a negative relationship between the presence of Atriplex portulacoides and germination on the muddy sediments. Recruitment (survival of seedlings for 12 weeks) was seen only on unvegetated muddy sediments at the highest elevation. Hence the invasive success and wide elevational tolerance of S. densiflora on the marshes of the Gulf of Cadiz are not reflected in its short-term ability to become established from its prolific seed production. Colonization of sub-optimal habitats may be largely by vegetative propagules and clonal growth.  相似文献   

腐解9个月后杉木枯枝落叶化感物质对杉木的化感作用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

曹光球  刘学芝  林思祖  胡宗庆  王凌霄 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2007,2(2):15-20

采用有机溶剂与蒸馏水混和浸提杉木枯枝落叶腐解9个月后化感物质,应用杉木种子发芽试验进行生物检测.结果表明:杉木枯枝落叶腐解9个月后,杉木枯枝落叶中的弱极性化感物质对绝对发芽率、绝对发芽势、胚根长、胚轴长及干物质量等指标表现为抑制作用,对鲜物质量则表现为轻微的促进作用;极性化感物质对杉木种子发芽各指标均等表现为抑制作用.腐解土中的弱极性化感物质对杉木种子发芽各指标均表现为抑制作用,极性化感物质对绝对发芽率、绝对发芽势、胚轴长及干物质量等表现为抑制作用,但对胚根长、鲜物质量表现为促进作用.  相似文献   

Effect of light on germination of seven species of cacti from the Zapotitlán Valley in Puebla, México     

Mariana Rojas-Aréchiga  Alma Orozco-Segovia  Carlos Vázquez-Yanes 《Journal of Arid Environments》1997,36(4):571-578

Seed germination of seven species of cacti from Zapotitlán Valley, Puebla, Mexico, were compared at four different light treatments (red light, far-red light, white light and darkness) at a constant temperature of 25°C, and at two light treatments (white light and darkness) at two fluctuating temperatures (15–30°C and 20–30°C). Results allowed us to divide the studied species into two groups: positive photoblastic and indifferent to light. Positive photoblastics were barrel cacti and indifferent to light species were columnar cacti. Although barrel cacti had a light requirement for germination, they germinated in far-red light. Probable relationships among life-form, species distribution and light requirements for germination are discussed.  相似文献   

桂山岛海域甲藻孢囊的分布与浮游植物休眠体萌发研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

康伟  王朝晖 《海洋科学》2016,40(7):33-40

为了了解珠江口桂山岛海域甲藻孢囊的分布及浮游植物休眠体的萌发状况,以揭示赤潮发生潜势,于2009年1月采集了珠江口桂山岛海域表层沉积物样品,对沉积物中甲藻孢囊的种类和数量进行分析,并对浮游植物休眠体进行了萌发试验。结果表明,桂山岛海域甲藻孢囊有21种,原多甲藻类孢囊在种类数上占优势。甲藻孢囊密度较低,为110~315个/g,平均为202个/g,养殖区密度高于非养殖区。异养型甲藻孢囊百分比含量较高,表明了该海域较高的富营养化程度。活体孢囊密度百分比达61.8%,说明表层沉积物中存在大量未萌发的活性孢囊,为赤潮暴发埋下了隐患。萌发的浮游植物种类数较少,为19属22种。20 d和40 d萌发的浮游植物细胞平均密度分别为490个/g和264个/g。萌发的甲藻优势种为Biecheleriopsis adriatica,其次为锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea);萌发的硅藻主要以中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvistus)和舟形藻(Navicula sp.)占优势。桂山岛海域有毒有害甲藻孢囊的广泛分布以及潜在赤潮种类的大量萌发,表明该海域有较高的赤潮发生风险。  相似文献   

基于人为调控盐度的促进大叶藻种子萌发及建苗技术研究     

刘云龙  张学雷  宋伟  王宗灵 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(8):99-105

Vast declines in Zostera marina seagrass beds demand effective methods of rehabilitation. In this study, we developed a practical method by reducing salinity to induce seed germination followed with recovering salinity to facilitate seedling production of Z. marina. The results showed that Z. marina seeds collected from natural seawater(salinity 30) were induced to germinate at reduced salinities. Percent germination(GR) was higher and mean-time-to-germinate(MTG) was shorter at lower salinities. The highest GR and shortest MTG occurred at salinity 0(deionized freshwater). After germination in freshwater, seeds could develop into seedlings at salinities5–30 and continue the growth. Viability or development of germinated seeds was not significantly different during the 40 d of post-germination incubation at salinities 5–15 after 1–20 d of germination in freshwater. However,during the process of translating germinated seeds from salinity 0 and 5 to salinity 30, reducing the gradients of post-germination acclimation facilitated more seeds forming seedlings in less time. On average, after 60 d of static incubation, including 20 d in freshwater for germination followed with immediate shift to salinity 5 and increasing to salinity 30 at increment of 5 every two days until cultivation at constant salinity 30, 33% of Z. marina seeds produced healthy seedlings. The results indicate that the salinity-manipulation based method of artificial germination and seedling production is practical and effective in supporting rehabilitation of Z. marina bed.  相似文献   

Mechanical and Germination Characteristics of Stabilized Organic Soils     

Yun-Tae Kim  Barsha Pradhan 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2016,34(7):681-688

High-organic-content dredged soils are known to have inferior mechanical characteristics because they are highly compressible and have low shear strength. To recycle dredged soil with a high organic content as a top soil this study describes an investigation of the mechanical properties and germination characteristics of stabilized organic soils using unconfined compression tests, pH tests, and seed germination tests. Several mixtures with organic contents in the range 0–30% by mass and binder contents in the range 5–15% were prepared to evaluate the effects of the organic content on the mechanical and germination characteristics of the stabilized soils. The results show that an increase in the organic content leads to a decrease in the strength and pH of the stabilized organic soil, which are favorable conditions for germination. The germination rate increased significantly with the increasing organic content, and the plant growth rate also increased. The addition of a binder into the mixtures increased the strength of the soil; however, it also increased the pH and decreased the rate of seed germination and plant growth.  相似文献