九寨沟林下28种乡土观赏植物种子基本特征     

苏维维  包维楷  周志琼 《山地学报》2010,28(1)

为了筛选九寨沟旅游退化地段林下植被恢复的适宜物种,并揭示乡土植物种子基本性状特征,研究了九寨沟28种观赏性乡土植物种子基本特征 (长宽、种皮厚度、千粒重、活力、萌发率)以及低温层积提高种子发芽能力的作用.调查研究结果是:1) 28种植物种子中4种为小种子(<1 mg),53.6%是中等大小的种子(1～9.9 mg),32.1%为大种子(>9.9 mg).小种子均出现萌发,与小种子相比,种子休眠普遍存在于中等大小和大的种子中.2) 77%的物种种子活力较高(>72%),但仅有7种常规条件下能萌发;窄叶鲜卑花的萌发率最高,达到80%左右,6种植物的萌发率3%～50%.3)低温层积显著提高了蔷薇、毛果铁线莲、宽叶旌节花、假升麻的萌发率(P<0.05),也相对较早地提高了陇东海棠、鲜黄小檗、独活的萌发,但对大多数种子萌发没有促进作用.综合分析表明,九寨沟28种林下或林缘乡土植物中只有窄叶鲜卑花、毛果铁线莲、宽叶旌节花、假升麻、陇东海棠、鲜黄小檗、蔷薇等12种可直播或通过低温层积处理后直播用于旅游干扰退化地段的林下植被恢复中,而其他种类尚需进一步寻求打破休眠的措施和方法.  相似文献   

Seed dispersal by domestic goats in a semiarid thornscrub of Mexico     

E. Baraza  A. Valiente-Banuet 《Journal of Arid Environments》2008,72(10):1973-1976

Previous studies conducted in the semiarid thornscrub of the Biosphere Reserve of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán have reported a high consumption of cactus and legume fruits by domestic goats. To test the hypothesis that goats may effectively disperse seed, we collected domestic goat feces from different microhabitats (bare ground, under shrub or under tree). The area occupied by each microhabitat was measured in the field. We then quantified the presence of viable seeds in goat feces and their deposition in microhabitats suitable for seedling establishment. We collected 209 seeds and using a seed reference collection, we identified these as belonging to three endemic cactus species, two legumes and several unidentified species. A high proportion of the cactus seeds germinated. Although most of the feces were found in open areas, more than 30% were recorded beneath the canopies of perennial plants, a suitable microhabitat for seedling establishment and survival. Contrary to the general assumption that goats cause only degradation of vegetation, these findings show that goats can effectively disperse viable seeds of diverse species. Studies that evaluate the ecological role of goats as important elements of biotic interactions are needed in order to generate an adequate management program for livestock.  相似文献   

3种驼绒藜属植物种子萌发期耐盐性试验研究   总被引：13，自引：8，他引：5  

李得禄  王继和  李爱德  刘虎俊  安富博 《中国沙漠》2006,26(6):1009-1014

用0.3％,0.6％,0.9％,1.2％,1.5%、1.8%的NaCl溶液对3种驼绒藜属植物种子进行处理,观测它们的发芽率、发芽势、幼苗长度指标来研究驼绒藜属3种植物种子的耐盐性。试验研究表明:以1.2%或1.5%的NaCl溶液鉴定驼绒藜属植物耐盐性较为合理,3种驼绒藜属植物种子耐盐性存在明显差异。以NaCl溶液为培养液,随着浓度的增加,种子发芽率降低,种子发芽高峰的出现延迟,同时幼苗长度随盐分浓度的递增而呈减小趋势。综合分析发芽率、发芽势及幼苗长度,认为3种驼绒藜属植物种子的耐盐顺序为:华北驼绒藜最强、绵毛优若藜次之,驼绒藜最差。  相似文献   

Evidence for reduced post-spill recovery by the halophyte Sporobolus iocladus (Nees ex Trin.) Nees in oil-contaminated sediments     

Youssef T 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(4):334-339

The germination behavior of Sporobolus iocladus seeds including germination percentage, accumulated germination percentage, the average incubation period to germination and germination velocity was studied under laboratory conditions. Treatments included six salinity regimes (0, 70, 140, 210, 280 and 350 mM NaCI) and three sources of oil hydrocarbons; Light Arabian Crude, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including diaromatic or triaromatic hydrocarbons (in crude oil equivalent concentrations, COEC). The average incubation period needed for seeds to germinate was significantly longer for seeds germinated in 350 mM NaCl (6 +/- 1.16 days) compared with the control (4 +/- 00 days). The accumulated germination percentage gradually decreased with increasing salinity (control: 90 +/- 10, while 350 mM NaCl: 63 +/- 8.8). Oil hydrocarbons significantly affected all germination parameters of S. iocladus seeds regardless of salinity levels. COEC of di- and triaromatic hydrocarbons suppressed seed germination more than crude oil. Seeds exposed to diaromatic hydrocarbons failed to germinate. Hydrocarbon's salinity interaction significantly reduced the number of germinated S. iocladus seeds. It is concluded that hydrocarbon pollutants adversely affect S. iocladus through reducing germination. It is also suggested that the toxic effect of hydrocarbons on seeds is not solely mediated through their interaction with salinity. The ecological implications of these findings are discussed in relation to other studies on the post-spill recovery of halophytes.  相似文献   

Pollen Viability for Air Pollution Bio-Monitoring     

Elena Gottardini  Fabiana Cristofolini  Elena Paoletti  Paolo Lazzeri  Giancarlo Pepponi 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,49(1-3):149-159

Biological characterization of Corylus avellana L. and Pinus nigra L. pollen samples was carried out to determine the actual value of pollen as a bio-indicator of the effects of atmospheric pollution, using samples from plants naturally developed in sites controlled for air pollution. In Trentino (North Italy), we selected six stations at three different levels of air pollution, which are constantly monitored with automatic gauges by the Environmental Protection Agency of Trento.First results showed that pollen viability of both species, germinability and pollen tube length of P. nigra, were higher in areas with no road traffic compared to heavy traffic ones. Pollen viability of P. nigra was positively correlated to ozone (O₃) concentrations and altitude but negatively to sulphur dioxide (SO₂), particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 m (PM₁₀), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentrations.  相似文献   

荒漠植物种子萌发研究进展   总被引：62，自引：22，他引：62  

张勇  薛林贵  高天鹏  晋玲  安黎哲 《中国沙漠》2005,25(1):106-112

 对种子自身结构,水分、温度、光照、沙埋深度等对荒漠植物种子萌发的影响进行了综述。硬实种子的不透水性、不透气性以及物理障碍是影响种子萌发的重要因素,通过热水浸种、擦破种皮或果皮、浓硫酸浸泡、低温或辐射处理可以破除硬实的影响。有些荒漠植物果皮或种皮外包有粘液层,这种结构对种子的萌发及幼苗生长有促进作用;部分植物的种胚覆盖物含有生长抑制物质而抑制种子萌发;胚休眠与后熟是影响胚萌发的重要生理因素。雨量大小、分布,降雨次数及土壤湿度是决定荒漠植物种子萌发的重要生态因子;温度影响种子的萌发,变温促进萌发;部分荒漠植物种子的萌发需要光照,有些要在暗中萌发,有些则对光无特异的需求;沙埋深度可调节光照、土壤湿度和土壤温度,从而调节种子萌发。应重视荒漠植物种子对严酷环境适应的研究,从分子水平上阐述其对严酷生境的适应机制。  相似文献   

Colonization processes in semi-arid Mediterranean old-fields   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

F.I. Pugnaire  M.T. Luque  C. Armas  L. Gutirrez 《Journal of Arid Environments》2006,65(4):591-603

Semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems undergo a slow process of secondary succession after disturbance which is dependent on rainfall. We tested the hypothesis that colonization of abandoned lands in semi-arid SE Spain was slowed down by seed dispersal and species-specific responses to climatic variability. In field and glasshouse experiments we analysed germination of the two main colonizer species, their appearance in the field as seedlings, their relationships with climate and the resulting population structure. Seed germination of the two dominant legume species, Anthyllis cytisoides and Retama sphaerocarpa, was enhanced by scarification, but triggered in the field by temperature and rainfall, respectively. There was no evidence of allelopathic effects affecting germination in the field. Population structure reflected high inter-annual variability in shrub establishment, which was related to rainfall in spite of self-thinning and other processes that modeled current shrub numbers. Colonization of abandoned lands in semi-arid, Mediterranean environments in SE Spain seems to be primarily limited by seed dispersal, but also affected by climatic variability, which produced temporally separated recruitment events.  相似文献   

大叶藻种子萌发环境条件研究     

王明  郭馨  唐学玺  臧宇  闫文杰  周斌 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(3):540-548

大叶藻海草床的退化和恢复受到国内外学者的广泛关注,而大叶藻种子萌发则是恢复实践中的一项关键技术。为了提高大叶藻种子萌发率,本研究在实验室可控条件下,采用正交实验对影响大叶藻种子萌发的环境因素(盐度、温度、N/P营养盐浓度及p H)进行了优化,并在优化条件下进一步探究了光质类型、UV-B辐射、低温层积和划破种皮对大叶藻种子萌发和平均萌发时间的影响。结果表明:盐度12、温度10°C、N/P营养盐浓度960/60μmol/L、p H 6.2是大叶藻种子相对适宜的萌发条件组合;黑暗条件下大叶藻种子萌发率最高,为92%,不同类型光质照射不促进大叶藻种子萌发率的提高,但红光照射可在短期内加速种子萌发;在一定强度范围内,种子萌发率随UV-B辐射时长的增加而升高,每日辐射8h,处理8周后种子萌发率可达93%。划破种皮和低温层积均可显著提高大叶藻种子的萌发率并缩短平均萌发时间,经划破种皮处理后,2周内种子萌发率可提高至91%。  相似文献   

不同体系改性粘土对浒苔(Ulva prolifera)微观繁殖体去除及萌发的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张悦  宋秀贤  李靖  曹西华  俞志明 《海洋学报》2016,38(8):93-102

本文研究了2种无机改性粘土在3种不同改性配比下对浒苔微观繁殖体去除效果及萌发的影响。结果发现,去除率随改性粘土及改性剂用量的增加而升高,相同条件下硫酸铝(AS)改性粘土对浒苔微观繁殖体的去除效果优于聚合氯化铝(PAC)改性粘土,其中1:5 PAC改性粘土在0.5 g/L时去除率为62%,AS改性粘土则可达到80%。添加改性粘土后上层水体中浒苔微观繁殖体相对萌发率随改性粘土及改性剂用量的升高而降低,总体系相对萌发率表现为先升后降趋势,在改性剂浓度为0.1 g/L时相对萌发率达到最高。两种改性体系中微观繁殖体在1:3配比、1.0 g/L浓度下均未能萌发。该结果显示,改性粘土可以有效去除浒苔微观繁殖体并抑制其萌发,这为我国绿潮灾害的防控提供了一种新思路。  相似文献   

Soil seed flora, germination and regeneration pattern of woody species in an Acacia woodland of the Rift Valley in Ethiopia     

Mekuria Argaw  Demel Teketay  Mats Olsson 《Journal of Arid Environments》1999,43(4):411

The objectives of this study were to determine the composition, density and spatial distribution of the soil seed bank of woody species, as well as their regeneration pattern in two different land use systems, controlled (ranch) and open grazing, in an Acacia woodland of the Rift Valley in Ethiopia. We also compared the species composition of the soil seed bank and the above-ground vegetation to find out if differences exist in the soil seed bank and advance regeneration between the two land use systems. The germination requirements of seeds of the woody species were also investigated under laboratory conditions. Acacia senegal, Acacia seyal, Acacia tortilis, Dichrostacys cinerea and Balanites aegyptiaca were encountered in the above-ground vegetation in both systems. Seeds of only A. tortilis (90±32 seeds m⁻²) from the ranch, and A. senegal (5±3 seeds m⁻²) and A. tortilis (72±34 seeds m⁻²) from the open system were found in the soil seed bank along transects with patchy horizontal pattern. The two systems were not significantly different in density of soil seed banks of A. senegal andA. tortilis . Jaccard's similarity index showed that only a few woody species were common in the soil seed flora and above ground vegetation. However, all of the species accumulated seeds (58±43–331±130 seeds m⁻²) in/on the soil under the canopy. Very large numbers of seeds of A. tortilis (19382±9722 seeds m⁻²) and D. cinerea (1278±494 seeds m⁻²) were also found in barns. Most of the seeds recovered from the soil samples (60–80%) were found in the litter layer. Acid and mechanical scarification improved legume germination (36–99% and 60–99%, respectively) over boiling water (0–48%). Treatment means differed significantly for all the legumes (p<0·001) but not for Balanites. Height and diameter class distribution of regeneration of A. tortilis and D. cinerea in both systems and A. senegal in the open system had a negative exponential correlation (r_s=−0·5, −0·25 and −0·86, respectively). A. seyal and B. aegyptiaca showed poor regeneration. Horizontal distribution of advance regeneration of all the species was patchy. Advance regeneration of A. seyal, A. tortilis and B. aegyptiaca were not significantly different, while that of A. senegal and D. cinerea were significantly different between the two systems. Poor representation of species in the soil seed bank along transects and in the different height and diameter classes may be attributed to the low density of mature trees as well as the mode and strategy of seed dispersal. Ungulate and wind dispersed species (e.g. A. senegal, A. tortilis and D. cinerea) were highly favoured. Patchiness in the distribution of seeds and advance regeneration was also a result of endozoochory. Dispersal of non-ungulate dispersed seeds (A. senegal, A. seyal and B. aegyptiaca) was restricted to the canopy zone. Piles of seeds ofA. tortilis and D. cinerea that were found in barns were a result of consumption of their pods by cattle. High concentration of seeds in the litter layer may be due to low soil disturbance and larger size of seeds. The height and diameter class distribution of A. senegal (in the open system), A. tortilis and D. cinerea also indicated that the species have good regeneration. Results from the germination tests indicated that seeds of the legumes require pre-sowing treatments to give a rapid, uniform and improved germination. Intervention through artificial regeneration should be employed to improve the density and regeneration capacity of those species with hampered regeneration at both systems.  相似文献