Simulation of evapotranspiration and carbon dioxide flux in the wheat‐maize rotation croplands of the North China Plain using the Simple Biosphere Model     

Huimin Lei  Dawen Yang  Yanjun Shen  Yu Liu  Yucui Zhang 《水文研究》2011,25(20):3107-3120

The North China Plain, which is critical for food production in China, is encountering serious water shortage due to heavy agricultural water requirement. The accurate modelling of carbon dioxide flux and evapotranspiration (ET) in croplands is thus essential for yield prediction and water resources management. The land surface model is powerful in simulating energy and carbon dioxide fluxes between land and atmosphere. Some key processes in the Simple Biosphere Model (Version 2, SiB2) were parameterized based on the observations. The simulated fluxes were tested against the eddy covariance flux measurements over two typical winter wheat/maize double cropping fields. A simple diagnostic parameterisation of soil respiration, not included in SiB2, was added and calibrated using the observations to model the carbon budget. The Ball‐Berry stomatal conductance model was calibrated using observed leaf gas exchange rate, showing that the original SiB2 could significantly underpredict the ET in the wheat field. SiB2 significantly underpredicted soil resistance at the Weishan site, leading to overpredict the ET. Overall, there was a close agreement between the simulated and observed latent heat fluxes and net CO₂ exchange using the re‐parameterized SiB2. These findings are important when the model is used for the regional simulation in the North China Plain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

网袖扭转及其排除的模拟试验     

卢孝坚 《广东海洋大学学报》1991,(2)

网袖扭转是单拖渔轮用网囊引纲船舷一侧起网时有发生的现象。本模拟试验,可清楚地观察到网袖扭转的角度、方向,从而采取安全、简便快捷的方法排除。操作:面向船尾,右舷收网的顺时针方向扭转一周,左舷收网的逆时针方向扭转一周,排除时连接着网囊引纲一侧的网袖和混含纲保持不动,解开连接另一网袖叉纲一端的混合纲,顺其向绕另一混合纲一周并接回原处,网袖扭转便排除。  相似文献   

刺网损坏的原因及其预防     

秦明双 《广东海洋大学学报》1997,(1)

为避免刺网在生产过程过早损坏，以期达到延长刺网使用寿命和提高其获性能的目的，根据刺网在使用过程中损坏的情况，分析了刺网损坏的主要原因有2个方面，一是网具设计、装配不合理；二是在作业过程受外界因素影响而引发。并探讨相应的预防措施。  相似文献   

Estimation of net accumulation rate at a Patagonian glacier by ice core analyses using snow algae     

Shiro Kohshima  Nozomu Takeuchi  Jun Uetake  Takayuki Shiraiwa  Ryu Uemura  Naohiro Yoshida  Sumito Matoba  Maria Angelica Godoi 《Global and Planetary Change》2007,59(1-4):236

Snow algae in a 45.97-m-long ice core from the Tyndall Glacier (50°59′05″S, 73°31′12″W, 1756 m a.s.l.) in the Southern Patagonian Icefield were examined for potential use in ice core dating and estimation of the net accumulation rate. The core was subjected to visual stratigraphic observation and bulk density measurements in the field, and later to analyses of snow algal biomass, water isotopes (¹⁸O, D), and major dissolved ions. The ice core contained many algal cells that belonged to two species of snow algae growing in the snow near the surface: Chloromonas sp. and an unknown green algal species. Algal biomass and major dissolved ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻) exhibited rapid decreases in the upper 3 m, probably owing to melt water elution and/or decomposition of algal cells. However, seasonal cycles were still found for the snow algal biomass, ¹⁸O, D-excess, and major ions, although the amplitudes of the cycles decreased with depth. Supposing that the layers with almost no snow algae were the winter layers without the melt water essential to algal growth, we estimated that the net accumulation rate at this location was 12.9 m a^− 1 from winter 1998 to winter 1999, and 5.1 m from the beginning of winter to December 1999. These estimates are similar to the values estimated from the peaks of ¹⁸O (17.8 m a^− 1 from summer 1998 to summer 1999 and 11.0 m from summer to December 1999) and those of D-excess (14.7 m a^− 1 from fall 1998 to fall 1999 and 8.6 m a^− 1 from fall to December 1999). These values are much higher than those obtained by past ice core studies in Patagonia, but are of the same order of magnitude as those predicted from various observations at ablation areas of Patagonian glaciers.  相似文献   

顾及多尺度分割参数的FNEA面向对象分类   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙坤  鲁铁定 《测绘通报》2018,(3):43-48

首先对分形网络演化（FNEA）算法做了介绍,通过试验对比4种分割方法棋盘分割、四叉树分割、多尺度分割、光谱差异分割的效果。此外,通过eCognition Developer 8.7分析软件对影像进行多尺度分割预处理,从5开始,以5为单位向上递增,共选取12组参数进行分割试验,采用面向对象CART分类器对分割后影像分类。对比分类效果图可知,小尺度分割参数对分类效果能有较好的提升;对比总体精度及Kappa系数可知,小尺度分割参数分类精度优于大尺度分割参数,且当分割参数Scale为10时,分类精度达到最好的级别。  相似文献   

基于热流固耦合的增强型地热有机朗肯循环发电系统性能分析     

王令宝  郭志鹏  卜宪标  李华山  龚宇烈 《地球学报》2023,44(1):211-220

本文建立了耦合井筒、热储、有机朗肯循环发电系统的详细数学模型, 包括三维非稳态热流固耦合模型和有机朗肯循环发电系统热动力学模型, 参考青海省共和县恰卜恰干热岩体地热地质特征, 包括压裂储层、围岩、裂隙、井筒等特征参数, 研究了注入流量、注入温度和井间距对系统净输出功、年均净输出功和热效率的影响规律。结果表明: 在一定的注入流量、注入温度和净间距下, 随着时间的推移, 岩石孔隙压力和热应力作用使得裂隙渗透率增大, 注入泵功耗是降低的, 净输出功和热效率也是降低的。注入流量的增大提高了膨胀机轴功、注入泵功耗和生产温度衰减速率, 进而导致热效率降低, 存在最优的注入流量50 kg/s, 使得年均净输出功达到最大值1 470.1 kW。注入温度的增大可以提高系统热效率, 降低净输出功的年均衰减速率, 当注入温度为60 ℃时, 年均净输出功最大。井间距的增大减缓了生产温度的衰减速率, 有利于热效率的提高, 但是也同时也增大了膨胀机轴功和注入泵功耗。当分支井间距为450 m时, 年均净输出功达到最大值1 497.3 kW。此研究可为增强地热发电系统的开发利用提供指导。  相似文献   

随机Petri网在地震应急协同能力定量评价与动态分析中的应用     

樊海刚  郭红梅  张莹  赵真 《中国地震》2022,38(2):248-259

地震应急是一个复杂动态的过程,需要各部门协同配合方能高效开展应急工作。本文通过调研分析历史地震应急处置案例,提出了Ⅰ、Ⅱ级应急响应下多主体地震应急协同的一般流程,构建了相应的随机Petri网模型,并基于Petri网可能出现的状态集同构马尔科夫链,在计算各应急状态稳定概率的基础上,定量评价应急协同能力。同时,将应急过程中利用率高的变迁所对应的应急行为,作为应急处置的关键环节。通过调整各关键环节的应急速率,进一步对应急协同能力进行动态分析,进而提出有效提高应急协同联动能力的相关建议,为科学开展地震应急处置工作提供支持。  相似文献   

Identification of Milankovitch Cycles and Calculation of Net Primary Productivity of Paleo-peatlands using Geophysical Logs of Coal Seams     

SHAO Longyi  WEN He  GAO Xiangyu  Baruch SPIRO  WANG Xuetian  YAN Zhiming  David J. LARGE 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(6):1830-1841

Individual coal seams formed in paleo-peatlands represent sustained periods of terrestrial carbon accumulation and a key environmental indicator attributed to this record is the rate of carbon accumulation. Determining the rate of carbon accumulation requires a measure of time contained within the coal. This study aimed to determine this rate via the identification of Milankovitch orbital cycles in the coals. The geophysical log is an ideal paleoclimate proxy and has been widely used in the study of sedimentary records using spectral analysis. Spectral analyses of geophysical log from thick coal seams can be used to identify the Milankovitch cycles and to calculate the period of the coal deposition. By considering the carbon loss during coalification, the long-term average carbon accumulation rate and net primary productivity (NPP) of paleo-peatlands in coal seams can be obtained. This review paper presents the procedures of analysis, assessment of results and interpretation of geophysical logs in determining the NPP of paleo-peatlands.  相似文献   

最小独立闭合环深度优先算法的一点改进     

秦昆  朱文武  高艳龙  张俊青  宋雯  彭扬  李方舟 《测绘科学技术学报》2015,(6):551-554

针对原有的深度优先算法在进行最小独立闭合环搜索时存在搜索漏环的情况,在不破坏原有算法流程的前提下,充分利用原有算法在计算过程中产生的中间参数,通过追加新的算法,以2012年天津市地面沉降水准数据作为实验数据,并结合人工拼环的结果加以对比分析,结果表明:在水准网较为复杂的前提下,新算法有效避免了原有深度优先算法搜索失真的问题。改进后的深度优先算法将为最小独立闭合环搜索工作带来更高的可信度。  相似文献   

1981-2008年中国陆地植被NPP对气候变化响应的敏感性试验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

黄珏  陈海山  俞淼 《大气科学学报》2013,36(3):316-322

在验证CENTURY模型对中国陆地植被净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity,NPP)模拟能力的基础上,利用该模型探讨了1981-2008年中国陆地植被NPP的年际变异和变化趋势对CO₂浓度、温度和降水变化的响应。结果表明,中国陆地植被NPP对不同气候因子的响应程度存在明显不同。其中,CO₂浓度变化对植被NPP年际变异的影响不显著,但能够引起中国大部分地区植被NPP趋势系数增大;温度对中国中高纬度地区植被NPP的年际变化影响显著,但就全国范围而言,植被NPP年际变异对温度变化的响应程度总体低于对降水变化的响应程度;降水变化是对中国植被NPP变化趋势起主导作用的气候因子。此外,综合考虑温度和降水变化的影响发现,植被NPP变化趋势的响应特征类似于降水单独变化时植被NPP变化趋势的响应特征。  相似文献