铀矿找矿中α径迹测量方法的影响因素研究          下载免费PDF全文

杨亚新  罗齐彬  张叶  吴信民  郑勇明  邓居智 《地球物理学报》2018,61(11):4702-4711

我国于1974年开始将核径迹探测技术应用于铀矿勘探,其中α径迹测量是寻找深部隐伏铀矿的有效方法之一.本文对氡浓度大小、探杯尺寸、杯内表面放射性沉积物以及杯内底面固体放射性元素等对α径迹测量结果的影响进行了理论研究,建立了α径迹测量中不同装置结构及不同放射性元素对α径迹密度影响的理论公式,为该方法应用于铀矿勘探以及环境氡浓度测量提供理论参考依据.同时结合实验对比测量,进一步对理论公式进行验证,α径迹测量结果与理论计算所得结果吻合较好.研究结果表明：探测器上α径迹主要来源于氡,探杯尺寸不应小于氡致α径迹的最大有效探测尺寸.此外,放射性沉积物放出的α射线对测量结果有重要积极贡献,在铀矿勘探中,从提高探测灵敏度和减小测量结果不确定度的角度来看,其影响越大越好.在大多数测量装置尺寸下,探杯内底面以下的固态α放射性元素对径迹密度影响较小或无影响,实际测量时可将其忽略.  相似文献   

基于验后方差估计原理导出的选权迭代法剔除粗差     

孙同贺 《北京测绘》2010,(3):7-9

将抗差估计的思想融入到粗差探测的算法中,设计出对模型误差,特别是粗差具有抵抗能力的粗差探测算法。基于验后方差估计原理导出的选权迭代法即为抗差估计的一种,首先是应用最小二乘法来计算观测值的参数x赞、残差v、协因数阵Qvv及单位权Q赞0的初值,然后再根据残差和有关的参数,按所选择的权函数,计算每个观测值的权,经过迭代计算求得观测值的残差,然后按照统计检验的方法剔除粗差。通过实验证明,基于验后方差估计原理导出的选权迭代具有很强的粗差探测能力。  相似文献   

基于多通道奇异谱的GNSS坐标序列 粗差探测与数据插值     

蔡晓军  杨建华 《测绘工程》2019,28(5):20-28,34

由于接收机故障、天线更换以及一些未知外界环境因素的影响,导致GPS时间序列中不可避免地存在数据缺失和粗差,数据缺失和粗差会产生各种问题,因此需要鲁棒探测粗差和缺失数据插值来获得连续完整统一的时间序列。传统方法可能需要针对不同类型的数据和不同长度的数据间隙研究不同的插值方法,这使得缺失数据的插值较为困难。针对上述问题,文中采用多通道奇异谱分析(Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis,MSSA)对时间序列进行粗差探测和缺失数据插值,重建非均匀采样时间序列的连续可靠模型,且不需要关于时间序列的任何先验信息。在该方法中,粗差探测与数据插值同时进行。模拟数据和实测GNSS时间序列数据测试结果都表明该方法的有效性。  相似文献   

Remote Sensing Indices to Measure the Seasonal Dynamics of Photosynthesis in a Southern China Subtropical Evergreen Forest     

SUN Leigang  WANG Shaoqiang  Robert A. MICKLER  CHEN Jinghua  YU Quanzhou  QIAN Zhaohui  ZHOU Guoyi  MENG Ze 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(2):112-126

The accurate measurement of the dynamics of photosynthesis in China’s subtropical evergreen forest ecosystems is an important contribution to carbon (C) sink estimates in global terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to climate change. Eddy covariance has historically been the only direct method to assess C flux of whole ecosystems with high temporal resolution, but it suffers from limited spatial resolution. During the last decade, continuous global monitoring of plant primary productivity from spectroradiometer sensors on flux towers and satellites has extended the temporal and spatial coverage of C flux observations. In this study, we evaluated the performance of two physiological remote sensing indices, fluorescence reflectance index (FRI) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI), to measure the seasonal variations of photosynthesis in a subtropical evergreen forest ecosystem using continuous canopy spectral and flux measurements in the Dinghushan Nature Reserve in southern China. The more commonly used NDVI has been shown to be saturated and mainly affected by illumination (R²=0.88, p < 0.001), but FRI and PRI could better track the seasonal dynamics of plant photosynthetic functioning by comparison and are less affected by illumination (R²=0.13 and R²=0.51, respectively) at the seasonal scale. FRI correlated better with daily gross primary production (GPP) in the morning hours than in the afternoon hours, in contrast to PRI which correlated better with light-use efficiency (LUE) in the afternoon hours. Both FRI and PRI could show greater correlations with GPP and LUE respectively in the senescence season than in the recovery-growth season. When incident PAR was taken into account, the relationship between GPP and FRI was improved and the correlation coefficient increased from 0.22 to 0.69 (p < 0.001). The strength of the correlation increased significantly in the senescence season (R ²=0.79, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate the application of FRI and PRI as physiological indices for the accurate measurement of the seasonal dynamics of plant community photosynthesis in a subtropical evergreen forest, and suggest these indices may be applied to carbon cycle models to improve the estimation of regional carbon budgets.  相似文献   

利用多源数据估算黑河流域总初级生产力          下载免费PDF全文

童志辉  熊助国  孙睿  刘向铜  王东东 《干旱区地理》2020,43(2):440-448

总初级生产力（GPP）决定了进入陆地生态系统的初始物质与能量,但由MODIS GPP产品获取的GPP在地表覆盖复杂的黑河流域却不足以准确的反映生态系统物质与能量的分布。因此,利用MODIS影像数据、ASTER GDEM数据、30 m分辨率土地利用覆被数据和中国区域地面气象要素驱动数据,驱动VPM模型模拟黑河流域2015年5～10月的总初级生产力,并据此揭示黑河流域GPP在生长季的时空格局,时间分辨率为8 d,空间分辨率为500 m。研究结果表明：VPM模型估算结果的精度高于MODIS GPP产品,判定系数增长了45.5%,总均方根误差降低了57.0%;黑河流域生长季累积[WTBX]GPP[WTBZ]总体呈现出中游最高、上游其次、下游最低的显著空间分布梯度格局;全境与局部有植被覆盖区域的日GPP均呈先增加后减少倒U型变化规律,且前者在7月下旬达到最高值;植被覆盖率极低的地表区域生长季内的日GPP在基本稳定中上下波动,稳定值处于1 gC·m^-2·d^-1附近。  相似文献   

应用自动可变深度门剔除伪异常水深信号方法     

邹永刚  肖付民  刘雁春  夏伟 《测绘科学》2009,34(5)

根据海底地形的分类、变化趋势以及船速、数据采样频率等因素,选取不同的门限高度,构造了自动可变深度门模型。试验表明该模型能较好检测和剔除水深数据中的负水深、突跳水深等伪异常水深值,可靠性较高,有利于提高粗差检测的效率。  相似文献   

用拟准检定法和岭估计解算病态污染方程     

柴艳菊  欧吉坤 《大地测量与地球动力学》2000,20(4):36-40

针对法方程呈现病态且观测值受到污染而不严格服从正态分布的情况 ,探讨运用拟准检定法抗御粗差 ,用岭估计改善法方程的病态性。拟准检定法是根据真误差与观测值的确定关系式 RΔ =- RL求解真误差估值Δ。在 A或 ATA病态的情况下 ,直接求 R是不稳定的。对 A作奇异值分解计算 R,可避免对病态矩阵直接求逆。由于 R是秩亏的 ,通过附加“拟准观测真误差估值范数极小”的条件来求解真误差估值。拟准检定法与岭估计两者的结合 ,一般情况下有效地剔除了粗差 ,而且改善了方程的病态性 ,计算简单、快捷 ,结果比较理想。  相似文献   

Analysis of growing season carbon and water fluxes of a subalpine wetland in the Canadian Rocky Mountains: Implications of shade on ecosystem water use efficiency     

Dylan M. Hrach  Richard M. Petrone  Adam Green  Myroslava Khomik 《水文研究》2022,36(1):e14425

Mountain regions are an important regulator in the global water cycle through their disproportionate water contribution. Often referred to as the “Water Towers of the World”, mountains contribute 40%–60% of the world's annual surface flow. Shade is a common feature in mountains, where complex terrain cycles land surfaces in and out of shadows over daily and seasonal scales, which can impact water use. This study investigated the turbulent water and carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes during the snow-free period in a subalpine wetland in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, from 7 June to 10 September 2018. Shading had a significant and substantial effect on water and CO₂ fluxes at our site. When considering data from the entire study period, each hourly increase of shade per day reduced evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP) by 0.42 mm and 0.77 g C m^?2, equivalent to 17% and 15% per day, respectively. However, the variability in shading changed throughout the study, it was stable to start and increased towards the end. Only during the peak growing season, the site experienced days with both stable and increasing shade. During this time, we found that shade, caused by the local complex terrain, reduced ET and potentially increased GPP, likely due to enhanced diffuse radiation. The overall result was greater water use efficiency during periods of increased shading in the peak growing season. These findings suggest that shaded subalpine wetlands can store large volumes of water for late season runoff and are productive through short growing seasons.  相似文献