关键生育期冬小麦和油菜遥感分类方法     

王林江  吴炳方  张淼  邢强 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(7):1121-1131

农作物空间分布的遥感识别是地理学、生态学和农学等多学科研究的前沿和热点,多源遥感数据在其中发挥着重要的作用。本研究结合冬小麦和油菜的种植及生长特点,以安徽省合肥市为研究区域,利用ZY-3、Sentinel-2和GF-1等多源遥感影像数据,以高程、坡度等数据为辅助信息,结合以多尺度分割、最邻近法和阈值法等为主要步骤的面向对象的分类方法,提取研究区合肥市冬小麦和油菜种植的空间分布信息。结合来自于GVG农情采样系统和Google Earth高分辨率影像上获得的地面验证数据进行分类精度验证,计算得到分类结果的混淆矩阵,并根据混淆矩阵数据计算出分类的总体精度为94.43%,Kappa系数为0.914。结果表明,本研究提出的方法能够有效地区分在冬小麦和油菜的混种区域里两种作物种植区域的空间分布,且这种多种策略相结合的分类方法体系,能够适用于其它区域甚至是更加大尺度上的作物分类。  相似文献   

中国市级人口增长的多因素空间建模分析     

芦蕊  马廷 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(7):939-946

本文以中国市域单元为研究对象,利用1990-2010年人口普查数据,采用探索性空间数据分析的方法,分析了过去20 年间中国市级人口增长率的空间分布特征和多变量的空间依赖关系。使用空间计量模型和空间滤波后的经典线性回归模型分别探究了经济、气候、地形、社会文化等因素对中国市级人口增长率的影响。模型对比结果显示,经过空间滤波后的经典线性回归模型能够更好的模拟中国市级人口增长率的变化。在该模型中,经济因素是影响中国城市人口增长率的主要因素,例如代表城市经济发展水平的城市夜光指数密度。气候因素对人口增长率也有着不可忽视的作用,如七月热指数随着等级的提升对人口增长率有着越来越强的负向影响。研究结果表明：人口的区域增长模式是多要素综合作用的结果,在相关建模研究和政策制定中需要重点考虑经济发展水平和气候条件因素对人口增长趋势的不同影响。  相似文献   

高盐胁迫对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、代谢和抗氧化酶活力的影响     

董甜甜  崔彦婷  王忠凯  龙劲男  陈怡更  王聪  赵楠楠  王仁杰  李玉全 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(5):1239-1245

为分析高盐胁迫对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、代谢和抗氧化酶活力的影响,实验以平均体重(3.0±0.4)g,平均体长(7.6±0.2)cm的凡纳滨对虾为实验材料,设置25(对照组)、35、45、55四个盐度梯度,分别于实验开始后0d、10d、20d、30d取样,检测对虾体重、体长、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的含量以及苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力,计算增重率、增长率、特定生长率和成活率。结果表明,随着盐度升高,凡纳滨对虾的增重率、增长率、特定生长率和存活率均逐渐降低, 55盐度组各生长指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05);10d时TG含量随着盐度的增加逐渐降低,55盐度组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。20d和30d时逐渐升高, 55盐度组显著高于对照组(P0.05); 55盐度组的TC含量最高,且30d时显著高于其他组(P0.05); 45盐度组、55盐度组MDH活力在10d时显著低于对照组(P0.05),但20d和30d时显著高于对照组(P0.05);35盐度组、45盐度组ATP含量在10d和20d时升高,且显著高于对照组(P0.05);各处理组T-SOD和CAT的活力整体高于对照组,且随着实验时间的延长,呈上升趋势。研究结果表明,高盐胁迫不利于凡纳滨对虾的生长和存活,但可以激活凡纳滨对虾的抗氧化能力,使抗氧化酶活力升高,并显著影响对虾的脂类代谢。  相似文献   

Study on the Bubble Growth and Departure with A Lattice Boltzmann Method     

CHEN Guo-qing  HUANG Xiao  WANG Shi-ping  KANG You-wei 《中国海洋工程》2020,(1):69-79

For the growth and departure of bubbles from an orifice, a free energy lattice Boltzmann model is adopted to deal with this complex multiphase flow phenomenon. A virtual layer is set at the boundary of the flow domain to deal with the no-slip boundary condition. Effects of the viscosity, surface tension, gas inertial force and buoyancy on the characteristics of bubbles when they grow and departure from an orifice in quiescent liquid are studied. The releasing period and departure diameter of the bubble are influenced by the residual gas at the orifice, and the interaction between bubbles is taken into consideration. The relations between the releasing period or departure diameter and the gravity acceleration show fair agreements with previous numerical and theoretical results. And the influence of the gas outflow velocity on bubble formation is discussed as well. For the bubbles growing in cross-flow field, effects of the cross-flow speed and the gas outflow velocity on the bubble formation are discussed, which is related to the application in ship resistance reduction. And optimal choice of the ship speed and gas outflow velocity is studied. Cases in this paper also prove that this high density ratio LBM model has its flexibility and effectiveness on multiphase flow simulations.  相似文献   

1990—2015年中国县市尺度人口收缩的演变特征及影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘振  戚伟  齐宏纲  刘盛和 《地理研究》2020,39(7):1565-1579

近年来,区域人口收缩问题在全球范围内引起了广泛关注,并且在中国也日益明显。利用1990年、2000年和2010年人口普查数据以及2015年1%人口抽样调查数据,本文在县市尺度上分析了1990—2000年、2000—2010年和2010—2015年三个时期人口收缩区的空间特征及演化趋势,并定量探讨了其形成与演变的影响因素,主要发现如下：① 人口收缩现象在县市尺度非常明显,三个时期人口收缩区占比均超过20%;② 2000—2010年人口收缩区以大面积扩张为主要特征,东北地区、川黔渝地区、长江中游地区最为明显,而东部地区则主要集中在江苏北部和福建西部等局部范围;③ 2010—2015年人口收缩转缓慢增长成为主要特征,仅东北地区、河南等人口收缩区仍有所扩张;④ 人均GDP和非农就业占比等经济发展水平因素对人口收缩区的形成影响显著,而经济发展速度因素则与人口收缩的演变密切相关;⑤ 除经济因素外,人口自然增长因素对人口收缩区形成及演变的影响均非常显著,且其作用呈增强趋势。  相似文献   

米氏凯伦藻和东海原甲藻生长的光照强度生态幅研究     

文世勇  林雨霏  王紫竹  孙田力  李飞  石晓勇  刘永健  赵建华 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(3):664-671

藻类生长的光照生态辐是指在一定光照强度范围内藻类能生长和繁殖的水平范围,由藻类生长的最适光照强度、光照强度适宜生长范围和光照强度耐受限度构成。为了定量获取藻类生长的光照生态幅,在室内培养条件下,分别研究了三个温度（18、22、25℃）条件下六个不同光照强度[28.32、55.15、75.06、96.59、111.66和135.75μmol/（m²·s）]对米氏凯伦藻和东海原甲藻细胞数和最大比生长率的影响,依据Shelford耐受性定律建立了米氏凯伦藻和东海原甲藻的光照耐受性模型,并得到了藻类生长的最适光强、光强适宜生长范围和光强耐受限度的定量表达。结果表明：无论是米氏凯伦藻还是东海原甲藻,在同一温度条件下,在实验设定的光照强度水平范围内,均分别存在一个适宜藻类生长的最适光强I_opt,且当光强I ≤ I_opt时,藻类细胞密度和比生长率均随着光强的升高而显著增大;而当I ≥ I_opt时,藻类细胞密度和比生长率随着光强的升高而显著减小。此外,随着培养温度的升高,藻类细胞密度和比生长率均呈现"先升后降"的变化趋势。建立的藻类生长光照耐受性模型与Shelford耐受定律较为吻合,并定量得到了米氏凯伦藻在18、22、25℃下的最适生长光强分别为81.48、80.15、79.27μmol/（m²·s）;光强适宜生长范围分别为33.11-162.96、32.57-160.3、32.03-158.54μmol/（m²·s）;东海原甲藻在18、22、25℃下的最适生长光强分别为79.39、78.19、76.69μmol/（m²·s）;光强适宜生长范围分别为31.89-158.78、31.77-156.38、31.18-153.38μmol/（m²·s）。  相似文献   

Delimitation of Urban Growth Boundary Based on the Coordination of Ecology and Residential Activity Spaces: A Case Study of Jinan,China     

JIA Kun  ZHANG Chao  YANG Yanzhao  YOU Zhen 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(5):518-524

Delimitation of an urban growth boundary (UGB) can effectively curb disorderly urban expansion, optimize urban development space and protect the ecological environment. Eco-environmental sensitivity was evaluated and areas prohibiting construction expansion were extracted by establishing an index system. Point of interest (POI) and microblog data were utilized to analyze the expansion of residential activity space. Urban space expansion potential was calculated using a comprehensive evaluation model, and an urban growth boundary for Jinan in 2020 was delimited combining the predicted urban expansion scale. The results showed that: (1) An evaluation of eco-environmental sensitivity can effectively protect ecological land and provide an ecological basis for urban expansion. Regions with high eco-environmental sensitivities in Jinan are located along the banks of the Yellow River and Xiaoqing River and in southeast mountainous areas, but eco-environmental sensitivities in the central, north and southeast areas are relatively low; (2) The model to evaluate urban residential activity expansion can quantify the spatial distribution of urban residents' activities. Regions with high potential for residential activity space expansion in Jinan are mainly concentrated in the middle of Jinan and most are part of existing built-up areas and surrounding areas; (3) The method that delimits urban growth boundaries based on the coordination of ecology and residential activity space is reasonable. Spatial expansion in Jinan mainly extends towards the east and west wings, and the boundary conforms to the spatial strategy guiding Jinan’s development and is consistent with the overall layout in related plans. Considering both ecological protection and the internal forces driving urban expansion, the method of urban growth boundary delimitation used in this study can provide a reference and practical help for studies and management of urban development in the new era.  相似文献   

吉林省经济增长与城市建设用地扩张脱钩关系研究（英文）     

刘宝涛 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,(3):275-281

为深入探究吉林省经济增长与城市建设用地扩张的相互关系,本研究运用脱钩分析模型对吉林省经济增长与城市建设用地扩张的脱钩关系进行测度分析,并归纳其空间分异特点及成因。结果表明:1)2001–2015年,吉林省经济增长与城市建设用地扩张以弱脱钩状态为主,脱钩关系整体较为合理,经济增长对城市建设用地资源的依赖性逐渐减弱; 2)在空间上,各地市(州)脱钩关系地域差异性显著,主要划分为脱钩理想型城市(辽源市和白山市)、脱钩基本理想型城市(长春市、通化市、松原市、白城市和延边州)和脱钩不理想型城市(吉林市和四平市); 3)基本理想型城市逐渐趋向理想状态,而不理想型城市与理想状态差距较大。最后从加强建设用地供地管理、提高建设用地使用效率、转变经济发展方式等三个方面提出相关政策措施促进经济增长与城市建设用地扩张理想脱钩,以实现吉林省经济社会可持续发展、土地资源可持续利用。  相似文献   

Evaluation of a high-resolution wave hindcast model SWAN for the West Mediterranean basin     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

This study aims to present an evaluation and implementation of a high-resolution SWAN wind wave hindcast model forced by the CFSR wind fields in the west Mediterranean basin, taking into account the recent developments in wave modelling as the new source terms package ST6. For this purpose, the SWAN model was calibrated based on one-year wave observations of Azeffoune buoy (Algerian coast) and validated against eleven wave buoys measurements through the West Mediterranean basin. For the calibration process, we focused on the whitecapping dissipation coefficient C_ds and on the exponential wind wave growth and whitecapping dissipation source terms. The statistical error analysis of the calibration results led to conclude that the SWAN model calibration corrected the underestimation of the significant wave height hindcasts in the default mode and improved its accuracy in the West Mediterranean basin. The exponential wind wave growth of Komen et al (1984) and the whitecapping dissipation source terms of Janssen (1991) with C_ds = 1.0 have been thus recommended for the western Mediterranean basin. The comparison of the simulation results obtained using this calibrated parameters against eleven measurement buoys showed a high performance of the calibrated SWAN model with an average scatter index of 30% for the significant wave heights and 19% for the mean wave period. This calibrated SWAN model will constitute a practical wave hindcast model with high spatial resolution (˜3 km) and high accuracy in the Algerian basin, which will allow us to proceed to a finer mesh size using the SWAN nested grid system in this area.  相似文献   

针胞藻海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)和硅藻中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)藻际细菌的分离、鉴定及影响研究     

王剑  王朝晖  赵建刚 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(1):128-135

对实验室培养的两株海洋微藻海洋卡盾藻和中肋骨条藻的可培养细菌进行了分离鉴定,分别在海洋卡盾藻和硅藻中肋骨条藻不同生长时期分离得到48株和34株可培养细菌,去除重复序列后得到12株不同的菌株。这些菌株分属α-变形杆菌纲、γ-变形杆菌纲、拟杆菌和放线菌。α-变形杆菌纲在两种藻的藻际环境中占据优势,其中红杆菌科是最为常见的科,中肋骨条藻的藻际细菌比海洋卡盾藻更为多样化。海洋卡盾藻生长后期细菌密度大幅度上升,可能导致了藻细胞的衰亡。中肋骨条藻相关细菌中有一株对旋链角毛藻的生长具有明显抑制作用,而大部分海洋卡盾藻相关细菌对角毛藻的生长具有抑制作用。本研究结果说明海洋卡盾藻的藻际细菌也许对其与硅藻的种间竞争中具有一定作用。  相似文献