Fluid evolution in base‐metal sulphide mineral deposits in the metamorphic basement rocks of southwest Scotland and Northern Ireland     

Martin Baron  John Parnell 《Geological Journal》2005,40(1):3-21

The Dalradian and Ordovician–Silurian metamorphic basement rocks of southwest Scotland and Northern Ireland host a number of base‐metal sulphide‐bearing vein deposits associated with kilometre‐scale fracture systems. Fluid inclusion microthermometric analysis reveals two distinct fluid types are present at more than half of these deposits. The first is an H₂O–CO₂–salt fluid, which was probably derived from devolatilization reactions during Caledonian metamorphism. This stage of mineralization in Dalradian rocks was associated with base‐metal deposition and occurred at temperatures between 220 and 360°C and pressures of between 1.6 and 1.9 kbar. Caledonian mineralization in Ordovician–Silurian metamorphic rocks occurred at temperatures between 300 and 360°C and pressures between 0.6 and 1.9 kbar. A later, probably Carboniferous, stage of mineralization was associated with base‐metal sulphide deposition and involved a low to moderate temperature (T_h 70 to 240°C), low to moderate salinity (0 to 20 wt% NaCl eq.), H₂O–salt fluid. The presence of both fluids at many of the deposits shows that the fractures hosting the deposits acted as long‐term controls for fluid migration and the location of Caledonian metalliferous fluids as well as Carboniferous metalliferous fluids. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An Improved Gas Chromatographic Method for the Determination of C6–C12 Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil Water     

Maryna Voyevoda  Wolfgang Geyer  Sibylle Mothes 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(2):164-170

In this work, investigations dealing with the determination of hydrocarbons in contaminated soil water are presented. The hydrocarbons under investigation range from low to high volatility compounds. A GC‐FID method was developed that due to its efficiency, routine suitability, relative rapidity, and low cost is suitable for the analysis of complex chemical mixtures of highly volatile hydrocarbons (with boiling points between 69 and 190°C). The standard used was a gasoline mixture with boiling points ranging from 100 to 190°C. For this standard, no supplementary preparation is needed and it is suitable for the whole range of hydrocarbons under investigation. The determination of the hydrocarbon content of the samples was performed applying univariate and multivariate statistical analysis to the experimental data. In the characterization of a contamination with highly volatile hydrocarbons of soil water originating from different depth layers from the chemistry location Leuna (Sachsen‐Anhalt, Germany), the advantages of a multivariate method are demonstrated in exemplary manner.  相似文献   

样品处理与保存方法对表层沉积物中金属形态分析的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王晓丽  李鱼  王婷  杜显元  李绪谦 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(2):299-304

利用改进的Tessier连续萃取法研究了冷藏、冷冻、冻干、烘干和风干等样品处理与保存方法对表层沉积物中金属形态的影响。结果表明：各样品处理与保存过程对沉积物中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn及Pb的形态均具有不同程度的影响,其中Fe的形态受其影响最小（<3.3%）,Mn的形态受其影响最大（最高可达10.2%）;冻干对各金属形态的影响最小（<4.6%）;烘干和风干对重金属Cu、Zn和Pb的可交换态（Ⅰ+Ⅱ）和非残渣态（Ⅰ-Ⅴ）分布影响较大,而冷藏、冷冻和冻干的影响相对较小。因此,综合考虑重金属的形态分布及其生物可利用性,冻干是较理想的沉积物样品处理与保存方法。  相似文献   

金昌市铜镍矿区周围土壤中重金属的迁移特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

李小虎  汤中立  初凤友 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(1):131

对金昌矿区不同区域土壤5~20 cm层中重金属各化学形态及活性态的迁移行为进行了研究,结果表明：土壤中重金属不同化学形态迁移率不同,弱酸提取态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态平均迁移率分别为0.13、0.51、0.30和0.54。重金属总量和活性态（包括弱酸提取态、可还原态、可氧化态）迁移率也表现出很大差异,尾矿区土壤Cr总量迁移率较高为0.65,而其活性态迁移率较低为0.26,Ni与Cr迁移特征完全相反,总量迁移率为0.26,而活性态迁移率为0.67;农田土壤中Pb总量迁移率低而活性态迁移率高,Ni与Zn特征相似,总量迁移率高而活性态迁移率相对较低;大棚地土壤中重金属迁移率均较低,Cu和Ni活性态几乎未发生向下迁移。可见,重金属的迁移与其化学形态分布关系密切,与重金属总量的迁移率相比,活性态迁移率能够更有效地反映出土壤中重金属的迁移特征和潜在危害性。  相似文献   

凤眼莲净化水中重金属的研究     

谭彩云  林玉满  陈祖亮 《福建地理》2009,(1):47-52

通过静态水培养实验探讨了凤眼莲对水中重金属离子铅、锌、铬的短期去除能力．实验表明：凤眼莲对这3种重金属的耐受能力和去除能力都是Pb（Ⅱ）〉Cr（Ⅲ）〉Zn（Ⅱ）;pH值、凤眼莲生物量以及重金属离子的初始浓度对净化效果均有明显的影响;其中凤眼莲对含铅水溶液有很好的净化效果,经过4天的培养,300g凤眼莲对4 L浓度为5—30mg／L的铅离子溶液的去除率均可达到99％．因此,凤眼莲在植物修复重金属污染水体方面具有很大的潜能．  相似文献   

奥里诺科重油带构造成因分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

穆龙新  韩国庆 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(2):488-493

奥里诺科重油带是目前世界上唯一一个还基本未开发的大规模重油富集带,它位于东委内瑞拉盆地边缘隆起带,总体是一北倾单斜,其上主要发育E-W向、NEE向和NE-SW向三组断裂,且以张性断裂为主,其中有一条北东向区域性大断裂将奥里诺科重油带在平面上划分为两大构造区,其各自的构造特征不同.奥里诺科重油带之所以有这样的构造特征是与其所处的大地构造背景和加勒比板块与南美板块发生斜撞等一系列作用有关的.本文在总结奥里诺科重油带构造特征同时,对其成因进行了深入分析,以便对奥里诺科重油带构造解释和油气藏的控制因素分析起到指导作用.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of bimodal volcanism in the Sakoli Mobile Belt, Central Indian shield     

Talat  Ahmad  Kabita C.  Longjam  Baishali  Fouzdar  Mike J.  Bickle  Hazel J.  Chapman 《Island Arc》2009,18(1):155-174

The Sakoli Mobile Belt comprises bimodal volcanic rocks that include metabasalt, rhyolite, tuffs, and epiclastic rocks with metapelites, quartzite, arkose, conglomerate, and banded iron formation (BIF). Mafic volcanic rocks are tholeiitic to quartz‐tholeiitic with normative quartz and hypersthene. SiO₂ shows a large compositional gap between the basic and acidic volcanics, depicting their bimodal nature. Both the volcanics have distinct geochemical trends but display some similarity in terms of enriched light rare earth element–large ion lithophile element characteristics with positive anomalies for U, Pb, and Th and distinct negative anomalies for Nb, P, and Ti. These characteristics are typical of continental rift volcanism. Both the volcanic rocks show strong negative Sr and Eu anomalies indicating fractionation of plagioclases and K‐feldspars, respectively. The high Fe/Mg ratios for the basic rocks indicate their evolved nature. Whole rock Sm–Nd isochrons for the acidic volcanic rocks indicate an age of crystallization for these volcanic rocks at about 1675 ± 180 Ma (initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.51017 ± 0.00017, mean square weighted deviate [MSWD] = 1.6). The εNd_t (t = 2000 Ma) varies between ?0.19 and +2.22 for the basic volcanic rock and between ?2.85 and ?4.29 for the acidic volcanic rocks. Depleted mantle model ages vary from 2000 to 2275 Ma for the basic and from 2426 to 2777 Ma for the acidic volcanic rocks, respectively. These model ages indicate that protoliths for the acidic volcanic rocks probably had a much longer crustal residence time. Predominantly basaltic magma erupted during the deposition of the Dhabetekri Formation and part of it pooled at crustal or shallower subcrustal levels that probably triggered partial melting to generate the acidic magma. The influence of basic magma on the genesis of acidic magma is indicated by the higher Ni and Cr abundance at the observed silica levels of the acidic magma. A subsequent pulse of basic magma, which became crustally contaminated, erupted as minor component along with the dominantly acidic volcanics during the deposition of the Bhiwapur Formation.  相似文献   

Biosorption of Cd(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution by Dried Biomass of Aspergillus niger: Application of Response Surface Methodology to the Optimization of Process Parameters     

Malihe Amini  Habibollah Younesi 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2009,37(10):776-786

In this study, the biosorption of Cd(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) on Aspergillus niger in a batch system was investigated, and optimal condition determined by means of central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Biomass inactivated by heat and pretreated by alkali solution was used in the determination of optimal conditions. The effect of initial solution pH, biomass dose and initial ion concentration on the removal efficiency of metal ions by A. niger was optimized using a design of experiment (DOE) method. Experimental results indicated that the optimal conditions for biosorption were 5.22 g/L, 89.93 mg/L and 6.01 for biomass dose, initial ion concentration and solution pH, respectively. Enhancement of metal biosorption capacity of the dried biomass by pretreatment with sodium hydroxide was observed. Maximal removal efficiencies for Cd(II), Ni(III) and Pb(II) ions of 98, 80 and 99% were achieved, respectively. The biosorption capacity of A. niger biomass obtained for Cd(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions was 2.2, 1.6 and 4.7 mg/g, respectively. According to these observations the fungal biomass of A. niger is a suitable biosorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Multiple response optimization was applied to the experimental data to discover the optimal conditions for a set of responses, simultaneously, by using a desirability function.  相似文献   

京珠高速许漯段路基干拌水泥碎石桩加固研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王四巍  王忠福  刘汉东  高丹盈 《岩土力学》2009,30(5):1421-1424

干拌水泥碎石桩是一项施工快速、不开挖路基的新型加固技术。针对京珠高速公路许漯段出现大量路基病害,采用此桩型进行加固处理。试验桩长为5.0 m,成孔直径为150 mm,间距为1.0 m×1.0 m,每层虚填料为25 cm,夯距为1.0 m,用120 kg重锤,分别对每层夯实10、8、7击的3根桩进行载荷试验,然后对每层夯实8、7击的2根桩进行重Ⅱ型动力触探试验。根据试验结果对比分析每层夯7击,单桩极限承载力达400 kPa,效果最优。通过地质雷达测试和室内土工试验对比分析加固前后路基土体变化,加固后路基不均匀变形减小,土体有效重度增加,含水率有所减少,桩体的吸水排水效果明显,桩的夯实挤密作用良好,路基的承载力和变形性能得到改善。经过桩加固后1年运行观测,加固后路段没有再次出现翻浆、叽泥等病害,表明此桩型加固高速公路路基效果显著。  相似文献   

美国技术标准用弦线模量对我国技术更新的启示   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

焦五一  赵树德  郭志恭  罗笃敬  朱书勤  马怀栓 《岩土力学》2009,30(Z2):105-109

用弦线模量计算地基变形是中国的原始自主创新。它改正了压缩模量和各种计算模型存在的问题,所以对计算结果有很大的改进。它依据土性物理指标用软件计算,是各种计算方法中最简单的方法。用于地基设计规范能够实现以变形控制设计的目标;用于黄土地区建筑规范,能够依据基础面积、基底压力、相邻基础影响等条件,并考虑地区差异、土性的微结构差异等条件真实地计算不同类型黄土的湿陷量,实现定量评价黄土湿陷性的目标。在中国对弦线模量研究的同时,美国在金属材料非线弹性变形计算中也研究并已经在其技术标准中采用了弦线模量代替杨氏模量,中国的同类标准也引用了它。这对在我国地基规范中采用弦线模量法进行技术更新,应该具有重要的启示作用。在简要介绍弦线模量法主要情况的基础上,进一步阐明这一观点。  相似文献