北部湾沿岸三种常见赤潮藻类对浮游微食物网主要类群的影响          下载免费PDF全文

陆家昌  陆敏桢  李杰  赖俊翔  庄军莲 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(3):414-422

本研究向自然海水中接种中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、红色哈卡藻（Akashiwo sanguinea）和球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）游离单细胞进行培养,比较不同赤潮藻类对海洋浮游微食物网主要类群的影响。结果发现,红色哈卡藻和中肋骨条藻均经历了从增殖到衰亡的过程,中肋骨条藻在磷酸盐耗尽后消亡,磷酸盐随之被重新释放到水体中;而无论增殖还是衰亡,红色哈卡藻添加组磷酸盐含量均持续降低。球形棕囊藻游离单细胞在迅速增殖将磷酸盐耗尽后并未衰亡,其密度维持相对稳定。红色哈卡藻添加组和中肋骨条藻添加组的细菌密度显著低于中肋骨条藻添加组（P<0.05）。三种藻类相比,红色哈卡藻添加组中纤毛虫、异养微型鞭毛虫（heterotrophic nanoflagellate, HNF）和含色素体微型鞭毛虫（pigmented nanoflagellate, PNF）的丰度最高（P<0.05）,但该组微型鞭毛虫的营养结构（HNF/PNF）与中肋骨条藻添加组无显著差异（P>0.05）。球形棕囊藻添加组含色素体微型鞭毛虫的丰度显著降低（P<0.05）,从而导致该组微型鞭毛虫营养结构显著偏向异养（P<0.05）。实验结束时,球形棕囊藻添加组纤毛虫的丰度显著低于其他两组（P<0.05）。本研究中,球形棕囊藻可通过与含色素体微型鞭毛虫竞争营养盐并抵御异养微型鞭毛虫及纤毛虫捕食的方式对微食物网产生影响。红色哈卡藻对微食物网的影响主要是由于其可被异养微型鞭毛虫摄食。中肋骨条藻对微食物网的影响受营养盐的调节,细菌的分解可能在该藻衰亡后的营养盐再生过程中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

异养鞭毛虫对铜绿微囊藻的生长影响     

罗晓霞  李长玲  何雪怡  陶德琴  杜振雄 《广东海洋大学学报》2019,(3):38-45

【目的】研究异养鞭毛虫(Paraphysomonas sp.)在不同密度铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)中的生长状况,探讨其对铜绿微囊藻的摄食及抑制作用。【方法】实验共设6个铜绿微囊藻密度,分别是0、250×10~4、500×10~4、750×10~4、1 000×10~4和2 000×10~4cells/mL,研究异养鞭毛虫与微囊藻的种群数量变化。【结果】异养鞭毛虫主要行异养生活。在铜绿微囊藻密度为250×10~4~2 000×10~4 cells/mL时,异养鞭毛虫对铜绿微囊藻的抑制率为98.00%~99.69%。单个鞭毛虫对微囊藻的摄食率为13~49 cells/d。异养鞭毛虫的密度和生长率随铜绿微囊藻密度的升高而增加,在铜绿微囊藻密度为500×10~4~1000×10~4cells/mL时,异养鞭毛虫密度为21×10~4~24×10~4cells/mL、生长率为0.6~0.74 d^-1。但是,铜绿微囊藻密度过高也不利于异养鞭毛虫的种群增长,在2 000×10~4 cells/mL密度时,异养鞭毛虫的生长速率显著低于其它密度组。【结论】异养鞭毛虫能有效抑制铜绿微囊藻种群增长,其生长的最适微囊藻密度为500×10~4~1 000×10~4 cells/mL。  相似文献   

北部湾北部海域水体异养细菌的时空分布特征研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

贺成  徐沙  宋书群  李才文 《海洋学报》2019,41(4):94-108

为探讨环境因素对异养细菌丰度的影响,2016年9月至2017年8月通过月度航次调查对北部湾北部海域异养细菌丰度的时空分布特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,调查海区异养细菌丰度介于（2.75~56.86）×105 cell/mL,平均值为（11.01±6.31）×105 cell/mL。各季节细菌丰度从高至低依次为:夏季、春季、冬季、秋季。异养细菌丰度由近岸海域向西南深水区方向逐渐降低,在近岸浅水区垂直分布均匀,在水深大于20 m的海区出现季节性分层现象:表层细菌丰度较高,底层细菌丰度较低。主成分分析显示温度对异养细菌时空分布有重要影响,秋、冬季异养细菌丰度与温度呈显著负相关,在春、夏季呈显著正相关。细菌丰度与盐度呈显著负相关,说明海水盐度变化是细菌时空分布重要影响因素。异养细菌丰度与叶绿素a和溶解氧含量呈显著正相关,表明浮游植物初级生产过程影响了异养细菌的时空分布。在秋、冬和春3季异养细菌丰度与营养盐水平呈显著负相关,二者关系受浮游植物生物量间接影响。异养细菌时空分布差异取决于环境条件的变化,温度、盐度、叶绿素a和溶解氧含量是影响异养细菌丰度分布的主要因素。  相似文献   

南海北部大鹏湾中DOP的分布、滞留时间、自养生产和异养降解     

史华明  马玉  李绪录  石晓勇  张军晓 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(8):17-26

The importance of dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP) as a potential nutrient source for primary producers in marine systems has been recognized for up to eight decades, but currently, the understanding of the biogeochemistry of DOP is in its infancy. In the present study, monthly data between 2000 and 2014 were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distributions of DOP in the Mir Bay, the northern South China Sea. The DOP residence time(T_(DOP)) was also investigated using a simple regression analysis in combination with chlorophyll a(Chl a) measurements while excess DOP(ΔDOP), produced by the biogeochemical processes of autotrophic production and heterotrophic removal, was determined using a two-component mixing mass-balance model in combination with salinity measurements. The results showed that the DOP concentration was(0.017±0.010) mg/L higher in the surface-water compared with the bottom-water and higher in the inner Tolo Harbour and waters adjacent to Shatoujiao compared with the main zone of the bay. Although seasonal changes and annual variability in the DOP were small, the surface DOP concentration was higher in the wet season(April–September)than in the dry season(October–March) due to the impacts of seaward discharges and atmospheric deposition into the bay. Measurement and regression results showed that the DOP release rate from phytoplankton production was about 1.83(gP)/(gChl a) and the T_(DOP) was about 7 d, which implied that the DOP cycle in the bay was rapid. The ΔDOP was calculated from the model to be about 0.000 mg/L in the main zone of the bay and about 0.002 mg/L in the inner Tolo Harbour and waters adjacent to Shaotoujiao, suggesting that the autotrophic production of DOP was almost balanced by the heterotrophic removal in the main zone of the bay and dominated in the inner Tolo Harbour and waters adjacent to Shaotoujiao. In conclusion, the Mirs Bay is very productive and fairly heterotrophic.  相似文献   

流式细胞术检测海洋浮游异养细菌异质性的研究进展     

赵苑  董逸  李海波  赵丽  张武昌  肖天 《海洋通报》2020,39(1):12-23

海洋浮游异养细菌(以下称浮游细菌)存在个体间的异质性,对浮游细菌异质性的研究是理解细菌生产、代谢及其在生物地球化学循环中重要作用的基础。流式细胞术具有快速分析大量细菌个体的能力,除了用来分析样品中细菌的丰度外,流式细胞术和细胞染色技术结合,被用来研究自然海水中浮游细菌在细胞膜完整性、CTC(5-氰基-2,3-二(4-甲基苯基)四唑氯化物)呼吸功能和核酸含量三个方面的异质性。尽管国外已经有较多研究,但我国在这方面的研究尚比较缺乏,本文综述了自然海区浮游细菌这三项异质性的研究现状,介绍了不同海区(主要是近岸)浮游细菌的异质性及其随环境的变化,以期推动我国在此领域的研究工作。目前对其异质性的变化机制尚没有很好的理论解释,在全球变化的大背景下,针对大洋深海和极区,有关长期变化、全球变暖以及酸化等对浮游细菌异质性的影响研究需要加强。  相似文献   

应用芽孢杆菌调控虾池微生态的初步研究   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

李卓佳  郭志勋  冯娟  张汉华  杨莺莺 《海洋科学》2006,30(11):28-31

监测了施用芽孢杆菌(Bacillussp.)后的养虾池水体和底泥总异养细菌和弧菌数量以及水体浮游微藻数量的变化,分析了应用芽孢杆菌对养殖环境微生态的影响。结果表明,芽孢杆菌对虾池水体的异养细菌和弧菌生长和繁殖具有一定的抑制作用,对底泥异养菌和弧菌具有一定的促进作用,能促进浮游微藻的平稳繁殖。芽胞杆菌通过这些作用抑制了水体中条件致病菌的繁殖,促进了虾池物质和能量的循环,有利于虾池的自我净化。  相似文献   

海洋异养细菌对小球藻生长和无机营养盐吸收的影响研究     

白洁  易齐涛  李佳霖 《海洋科学》2009,33(11):6-10

从胶州湾海洋异养细菌同小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的共存体系中,分离出6株形态特征差异较大的异养细菌,并做变性凝胶梯度电泳(Denature Gel Gradient Electrophoresis,DGGE)分析.其中一株对小球藻的生长有较大的促进作用,而其余菌株则没有明显的效果.6株细菌能在小球藻产生的胞外溶解有机物(Dissolved Organic Mate rials,DOM)溶液中生长良好,共存细菌对提高菌藻体系对无机营养盐的吸收具有较大的贡献.  相似文献   

Microbial plankton abundance and heterotrophic activity across the Central Atlantic Ocean     

Evaristo Vázquez-Domínguez  Carlos M. Duarte  Klaus Jürgens  Josep M. Gasol 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,79(1):83-94

The role of microorganisms in the transfer of carbon of marine systems is very important in open oligotrophic oceans. Here, we analyze the picoplankton structure, the heterotrophic bacterioplankton activity, and the predator-prey relationships between heterotrophic bacteria and nanoflagellates during two large scale cruises in the Central Atlantic Ocean (∼29°N to ∼40°S). Latitud cruises were performed in 1995 between March-April and October-November. During both cruises we crossed the regions of different trophic statuses; where we measured different biological variables both at the surface and at the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM). The concentration of chlorophyll a varied between 0.1 and 0.8 mg m⁻³, the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria varied between <1.0 × 10⁵ and >1.0 × 10⁶ cells ml⁻¹, and that of heterotrophic nanoflagellates between <100 and >1.0 × 10⁴ cells ml⁻¹. The production of heterotrophic bacteria varied more than three orders of magnitude between <0.01 and 24 μgC L⁻¹ d⁻¹; and the growth rates were in the range <0.01-2.1 d⁻¹. In the Latitud-II cruise, Prochlorococcus ranged between <10³ and >3 × 10⁵ cells ml⁻¹, Synechococcus between <100 and >1.0 × 10⁴ cells ml⁻¹, and picoeukaryotes between <100 and >10⁴ cells ml⁻¹.Two empirical models were used to learn more about the relationship between heterotrophic bacteria and nanoflagellates. Most bacterial production was ingested when this production was low, the heterotrophic nanoflagellates could be controlled by preys during Latitud-I cruise at the DCM, and by predators in the surface and in the Latitud-II cruise. Our results were placed in context with others about the structure and function of auto- and heterotrophic picoplankton and heterotrophic nanoplankton in the Central Atlantic Ocean.  相似文献   

北部湾养殖牡蛎体内异养细菌数量及其耐药性研究     

李炳  王瑞旋  张立  罗帮  牟红莉  王江勇 《热带海洋学报》2021,40(4):70-83

为了探究北部湾养殖区域香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)体内的异养细菌和弧菌数量及其耐药概况变化, 对不同养殖场牡蛎体内的异养细菌进行分离培养, 并统计其数量, 通过药敏纸片扩散等方法研究了细菌的耐药状况。结果显示: 牡蛎在高死亡率养殖环境中体内的异养细菌[(8.6±0.4)×10⁶CFU·g^-1]和弧菌[(9.5±0.4)×10⁵CFU·g^-1]数量较高, 在中死亡率环境中体内的异养细菌[(6.9±0.2)×10⁶CFU·g^-1]和弧菌[(4.5±0.6)×10⁵CFU·g^-1]数量次之, 在低死亡率养殖环境中体内的异养细菌[(3.3±0.1)×10⁶CFU·g^-1]和弧菌[(2.5±0.6)×10⁵CFU·g^-1]数量最低。耐药细菌主要为革兰氏阴性菌, 对β-内酰胺类(青霉素)、糖肽类(万古霉素)的耐药率较高, 对四环素类(四环素、多西环素)的耐药率次之, 对氨基糖苷类(链霉素、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、新霉素)、大环内酯类(红霉素)、喹诺酮类(诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星)的耐药率较低。在高死亡率环境中牡蛎体内的多重耐药菌占79.7%, 其耐药谱型(48种)较广; 在中度死亡率环境中牡蛎体内的多重耐药菌占66.2%, 其耐药谱型为30种; 在低死亡率环境中牡蛎体内的多重耐药菌占58.4%, 其耐药谱型为17种。本文探究了牡蛎死亡率与其体内异养细菌数量和细菌耐药性的关系, 结果显示牡蛎在高死亡率环境中体内的耐药细菌数量多、耐药谱型较广, 低死亡率环境中牡蛎体内的耐药细菌数量较少, 异养细菌数量与牡蛎死亡率呈正相关关系, 两者相关系数为0.996。  相似文献   

Bacteriological analysis of the digestive tube of the mud snail (Bullacta exarata Philippi) and its rearing shoal     

Wang Guoliang  Zheng Tianlun  Lu Tongxia  Wang Yinong  Yu Hong  Jin Shan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2002,1(2):161-164

The bacterial flora in the digestive tube of Bullacta exarata Philippi and its rearing shoal were investigated. A total of 157 strains of heterotrophic bacteria, isolated from crop, stomach intestine and other parts of the digestive tube, mainly belong to the genera Photobacterium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas Vibrio and some genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae. There are significantly more varieties of bacteria in crop than in stomach and intestine. A total of 173 strains of bacteria were isolated from the rearing shoal, belonging to 13 genera. The 5 predominant genera, such as Bacillus and Photobacterium, are the same as those in the digestive tube, but greatly differ in percentages. The number of heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrio in rearing shoal change in line with the alteration of the temperature, and are significantly affected by the use of pesticides.  相似文献