鄂尔多斯高原地区清代旱灾与气候特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

奚秀梅  赵景波 《地理科学进展》2012,31(9):1180-1185

通过对鄂尔多斯高原地区文献资料的搜集整理, 研究了该区清代旱灾等级、频次、周期和气候特征。结果表明, 鄂尔多斯高原地区清代旱灾频次较高, 约0.34 次/a, 以轻、中度旱灾为主。该区旱灾的发生具有明显的阶段性, 1701-1780 年、1821-1845 年和1876-1911 年为多发阶段, 1644-1700 年、1781-1820 年和1846-1875 年为低发阶段。约90%的旱灾发生在春、夏季或春夏连旱。该区清代旱灾有7 a 左右的短周期, 23-29 a 左右的中周期和54 a左右的长周期;各等级旱灾有准5 a 短周期, 特大旱灾的第1 主周期是17 a。干冷多风的区域气候环境, 以及农业活动是该区旱灾发生的两个主要原因。推测该区清代发生大旱灾和特大旱灾年份的年降水量约为200~250 mm, 年蒸发量约为2400~2600 mm。该区清代气候可划分为6 个阶段:1644-1700 年→1701-1780 年→1781-1820 年→1821-1845 年→1846-1875 年→1876-1911 年, 对应的年降水量特征为:多→少→多→少→多→少, 而蒸发量和风沙天气特征为:少→多→少→多→少→多。确定1762-1766 年、1875-1878 年、1899-1902 年为3 个干旱气候事件, 推测这3个干旱气候事件期间年平均降水量为230 mm左右, 蒸发量为2500 mm左右, 大风沙尘天气频繁。  相似文献   

干湿循环作用下红黏土收缩特征研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

朱建群  龚琰  胡大为  李雄威  施维成 《冰川冻土》2016,38(4):1028-1035

以贵州某高速公路沿线红黏土为研究对象,开展了干湿循环作用后红黏土的收缩特性试验研究,探讨了干湿循环次数和初始含水率对红黏土收缩性状的影响.试验结果表明：同一循环次数内,各试样的环向收缩率在6～8 h时达到稳定,而轴向线缩率则需更长的稳定时间;随着初始含水率增加,各试样的初始轴向线缩率减小,而初始环向收缩率增加;28%含水率试样具有相近的最终轴向变形和环向变形量,而34%含水率的试样环向变形量高于轴向变形量;初始含水率变化不大,但体缩率的变化率却明显不同,说明干湿循环过程使得土体内部结构变得不稳定,但颗粒间相互作用的本质未发生明显变化;干湿循环作用对重塑红黏土最优含水率位置的基本无影响,这说明其未能改变黏土集聚体内对结合水的最大吸附能力.通过压汞试验得到了不同干湿循环作用后试样的孔隙分布情况,随着干湿循环次数的增加小孔径尺寸和分布密度改变较小,而大孔径尺寸减小,分布密度也在减小.干湿循环作用对聚集体内孔径的影响大于对微聚体内孔隙影响,与所测得的宏观收缩规律相吻合.  相似文献   

Effects of Drying on the Low-Frequency Electrical Properties of Tournemire Argillites   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Philippe Cosenza  Ahmad Ghorbani  Nicolas Florsch  André Revil 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(10):2043-2066

Nearly water-saturated argillite samples (initial water content near 3.4 wt%) were cored from an undisturbed area of an underground facility of the French Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), located at Tournemire (Aveyron, France). These samples were subjected to the following desiccation path: (a) A desaturation phase during which the samples were dried at ambient temperature conditions, relative humidity equal to 43% in average and (b) a heating phase during which the same samples were heated at four temperature levels from 70°C up to 105°C. During both phases, the low-frequency complex resistivity (0.18Hz–12 kHz) was recorded by a four-electrode device. The amplitude of the complex resistivity was extremely sensitive to water content change. At the end of the isotherm desaturation phase, it was multiplied by a factor of 3 to 5. During the heating phase, the resistivity increased by more than two orders of magnitude compared to the initial state. The percentage of Frequency Effect shows a low sensitivity to water content changes during the desaturation stage while it increased by two orders of magnitude during the heating phase. This result confirms that low-frequency spectral signature is extremely sensitive to textural changes (i.e., thermal-induced microcracking in this case) that occurred during heating. Moreover, the complex resistivity of the samples shows a strong anisotropy (a ratio of 10 between both amplitudes measured in the perpendicular directions). The classical Cole-Cole model cannot be used to fit the experimental data obtained in the heating phase. A generalized formulation of this model is required and was successfully applied to represent the complex resistivity data.  相似文献   

Upgrading of high moisture content lignite     

Tibor G. Rozgonyi  Laszlo Z. Szigeti 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1984,2(2):157-169

Summary Removal of inherent moisture from run-of-mine lignite was tested by lock-feeding the lignite, which was previously sized by screening into 25 kg autoclaves. High pressure, up to 4.053 MPa (588 psi), saturated steam was then introduced into the pressure reactor. Reaction time, pressure, temperature and depressurization rates were strictly controlled for each reactor test run. Results indicate that about 80% of lignite total moisture was removed, including some of the inherent moisture, yielding a nonoxidized, and thus stable, lignite product. Some reduction of noncombustible portions of the lignite also took place. The conclusion reached as a result of the tests is that the steam-drying process can be successfully applied to reducing moisture in lignite, and may be considered for additional studies on acceleration of the coalification process.  相似文献   

Influence of wetting–drying cycles on swell–shrink behaviour of GPA-reinforced expansive clay beds     

B. R. Phanikumar  M. Muthukumar 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2020,15(3):172-185

ABSTRACT

Granular pile-anchor (GPA) technique is an innovative tension-resistant foundation technique which can effectively ward off the dual swell–shrink problem posed by expansive clays. The other tension-resistant foundation techniques are drilled piers, belled piers and under-reamed piles. Laboratory scale model studies and field scale experiments on GPAs revealed that swelling of expansive clay beds could be effectively controlled by GPA technique. This paper presents results obtained from laboratory scale model studies on GPA-reinforced expansive clay beds subjected to alternate cycles of wetting and drying. Swelling and shrinkage of the clay beds were monitored for three wetting–drying cycles (N) spanning a time period of 300 days. The clay beds were reinforced with varying number of GPAs (n = 0, 1, 2 and 3). Swelling (mm) and shrinkage (mm) of the clay beds in a given wetting–drying cycle decreased with increasing number of GPAs. Further, swelling (mm) and shrinkage (mm) significantly decreased with increasing number of wetting–drying cycles (N) also. For a given number of GPAs (n), swelling and shrinkage decreased with increase in depth from the top of the clay bed too.  相似文献   

酸性干湿循环作用下砂岩强度参数劣化规律     

傅晏  袁文  刘新荣  缪露莉  谢文博 《岩土力学》2018,39(9):3331-3339

为研究酸性环境中砂岩在干湿循环作用下强度的劣化规律,在溶液pH值分别为7、5、3的浸泡环境中,对砂岩试样进行循环次数为1、5、10、15、20次的干湿循环试验。根据每个循环阶段后的强度数据,得到Mohr-Coulomb强度准则参数和Hoek-Brown强度准则参数,并对这些参数的干湿循环劣化效应做简要的分析。再根据应力空间中偏应力与强度准则参数的关系式,分别作出pH值为7、5、3的浸泡溶液作用下π平面上的破坏面随不同循环次数的变化图。结果表明：各准则参数随着干湿循环次数的增加呈下降趋势,循环次数较小时劣化较为严重,而后呈缓和趋势;pH值越低,劣化越严重,劣化效应由大至小依次为：单轴抗压强度、黏聚力、材料常数、内摩擦角;同一pH值浸泡环境中,循环次数较小时,π平面上的破坏曲线较为稀疏,循环次数越大,破坏曲线越密集;不同pH值浸泡环境中,pH越低,破坏曲面越小;偏应力与单轴抗压强度、黏聚力正相关,与材料常数、内摩擦角负相关。  相似文献   

干湿循环对非饱和膨胀土抗剪强度影响的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐丹  唐朝生  冷挺  李运生  张岩  王侃  施斌 《地学前缘》2018,25(1):286-296

膨胀土是一种气候敏感性土体,研究在干湿循环过程中膨胀土剪切强度的变化,对了解在自然界周期性蒸发和降雨作用下原位膨胀土体工程性质的变化以及由此导致的地质灾害发生过程具有重要意义。文中以重塑非饱和膨胀土为研究对象,模拟了3次干湿循环过程,对每次干燥路径中的试样进行了直剪试验,重点分析含水率、正压力及干湿循环次数对膨胀土剪切强度的影响,得到如下主要结果：（1）在干燥过程中,随着含水率的减小,试样的刚度、脆性、抗剪强度值（峰值剪切应力）、抗剪强度指标（黏聚力、内摩擦角）及抗剪强度损失（峰值强度与残余强度之差）均呈增加趋势;（2）正压力越高,试样的剪切强度和残余强度越大,而破坏后的峰值强度损失越小,破坏韧性增加;（3）在3次干燥过程中,试样的剪切强度及黏聚力呈先增加后减小的趋势,在第二次干燥过程中达到峰值,但内摩擦角受干湿循环的影响无明显规律;（4）试样经历多次干湿循环后,其剪切特性越来越类似于超固结土,脆性显著增加;（5）干燥过程和干湿循环对试样残余剪切强度的影响都不明显,残余剪切强度基本都在100 kPa附近变化;（6）非饱和膨胀土在干湿循环及干燥过程中剪切强度的变化除了与吸力有关外,还与其微观结构调整和裂隙发育状态密切相关,需要综合非饱和土力学和土质学理论对试验现象进行分析。  相似文献