排序方式： 共有41条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
泥螺(Bullacta exarata)作为黄河三角洲区域成功引入的滩涂养殖种类, 为当地获得了巨大的经济效益, 但对其生态影响还了解不多。为了解该区域泥螺体内重金属含量并评价其生物质量, 于2012年8月对该区域进行泥螺和沉积物样品采集调查和分析。采用富集系数K、残留量指数I以及金属污染指数IMP进行分析。结果表明, 黄河三角洲沉积物及泥螺体内6种重金属含量均相对较低, 多数符合国家海洋沉积物质量标准第一类。泥螺对不同重金属的富集系数K有明显差别, 其中对Cu 和Cd 的富集能力最强。残留量指数I富集系数K及金属污染指数IMP均表明, 黄河三角洲潮间带泥螺对重金属的富集程度均较低, 说明该海域泥螺未受到重金属离子的污染。根据国家生物质量标准分析, 黄河三角洲潮间带泥螺的生物质量总体较好, 生物体内重金属含量总体上与海水中重金属含量无显著的相关性。 相似文献
12.
陆生蜗牛壳体碳酸盐氧同位素组成,理论上取决于壳体生长季节的降水 18O丰度、温度和湿度,对揭示古气候和古环境变化具有巨大的潜力。然而,同一地区不同属种的蜗牛生长季节存在一定的差异,因此,了解不同季节生长的蜗牛壳体氧同位素特征,是其成为重建古气候、古环境变化的工具的关键。为了进一步阐明降水氧同位素组成和气候月际变化对蜗牛壳体 18O的影响,分别对从江苏镇江逐月采集的现生细纹灰尖巴蜗牛(Bradybaena ravida redfieldi)进行了整体壳体及壳口文石氧同位素组成的分析,结果表明： 1)不同月份采集的样品壳口的 δ18O 值变化较大,从－1.92‰至－6.79‰,幅度达4.87‰,其中,4～6月采集的样品 δ18O 值较正,平均 －2.40±0.42‰,7～9月采集的样品明显偏负,平均 －6.41±0.34‰; 2)整个壳体的 δ18O 值差别不大,平均 －2.61±0.47‰,与 4～6月壳口 δ18O 平均值相近; 3)不同月份蜗牛壳口 δ18O 值呈现出与当地的降水氧同位素组成、温度和大气相对湿度等相似的季节性变化模式,其中降水氧同位素组成对壳口 δ18O 变化的影响是主要的。这些特征说明,蜗牛壳体碳酸盐氧同位素组成受其生长时的环境因素(降水 18O丰度,温度和相对湿度)控制,对于中国夏季风影响地区来说,春季生长的蜗牛壳体相对富集 18O,而夏季生长的壳体 18O相对贫化。换句话说,根据蜗牛壳体碳酸盐氧同位素组成能够推测壳体主要生长季节,或降水 18O丰度及气候温湿程度的特征。对于B.ravida redfieldi来说,氧同位素组成显示了壳体主要生长时期为春季的特征。 相似文献
13.
为了深入了解黄土地层中丰富的陆生蜗牛壳体碳酸盐化石氧同位素组成的气候环境指示意义,文章对黄土高原典型气候带的现生蜗牛壳体文石氧同位素进行了测量。结果显示:高原半干旱地区蜗牛壳体氧同位素组成相对于半湿润地区显著富集δ18 O;壳体δ18 O值与夏季降水量具有密切负相关关系。对照黄土高原气候特征以及夏季风降水氧同位素组成和降水量的关系,认为:1)夏季风降水δ18 O丰度是影响蜗牛壳体氧同位素组成变化的主要因素;2) 进一步研究黄土沉积物中蜗牛壳体化石氧同位素组成对重建黄土高原夏季风强度变化的历史具有重要的意义。 相似文献
14.
Matthew D. Aschaffenburg 《Marine Ecology》2008,29(3):348-353
Indirect interactions are among the many important factors that influence the community structure of the rocky intertidal zone. Trait‐mediated indirect interactions, in which the presence of a predator or competitor can influence the relationship between two other species, have emerged as vital for understanding community dynamics. This study examined the effect of different crab species on the feeding habits of an intertidal snail, Nucella lapillus. Crab species were defined as being sympatric predatory (Carcinus maenas and Cancer irroratus), sympatric non‐predatory (Uca pugnax and Pagurus longicarpus), or allopatric predatory (Mithrax sculptus and Percnon gibbesi). Nucella lapillus were potentially exposed to risk cues from each of the crab species. Crabs were kept in perforated boxes, which allowed any chemical cues to be emitted but prevented direct contact. Nucella lapillus had significantly lower feeding rates in the presence of sympatric predatory crab species than N. lapillus exposed to either sympatric non‐predatory crabs or allopatric predatory crabs. There was no difference in feeding rate between N. lapillus exposed to the sympatric non‐predatory crabs and to the allopatric predatory crabs. Nucella lapillus in the presence of sympatric predatory crabs had a feeding rate of only 0.07 barnacles per snail per day, whereas N. lapillus housed with non‐predatory crabs and allopatric predatory crabs had rates of 0.11 and 0.12, respectively, suggesting that N. lapillus alter their behavior in response to chemical risk cues from local predators. These results suggest that the ability to detect and respond to risk cues is a selectively evolved trait. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
The mechanisms of soil structure interaction have drawn much attention in the past years in the installation and operation of jack-up platform. A bionic spudcan produced by biomimetic of egg and snail shell is proposed, and the performance of the penetration and extraction are analyzed by numerical method. The geometric contour of egg and snail shell is measured, and its mathematical model is established respectively. According to the structure of existing spudcan of jack-up platform, three kinds of typical biomimetic spudcan are designed. Furthermore, numerical analysis models of biomimetic spudcan are established respectively to study the soil structure interaction mechanism in the process of penetration and extraction, and contrastive analysis of resistance characteristics are carried out. To conclude, the results show that the biomimetic spudcan facilitates the platform installation, and it is also beneficial to the improvement of the bearing capacity of spudcan. 相似文献
18.
The potential adaptive benefits of aggregation in intertidal invertebrates, in terms of preventing desiccation stress, are logical, but have proved difficult to confirm from field measurements. Through a simple analogy we explain why this may be so, especially for those species that do not solely forage when fully immersed. Measuring water content (or osmotic potentials of body fluids) of individuals that become inactive in aggregations and comparing this with non‐aggregated individuals, which is the most common method of determining adaptive benefits of aggregation to desiccation, (i) causes any relationships between desiccation and aggregation to be, at best, weakly related due to variability in the different times that individuals enter aggregations, and (ii) is not measuring the true benefit of aggregation, which in this case should be measured as a reduction in the rate of water loss. Further, the design of field studies or experiments to determine the benefits of aggregation in terms of desiccation reduction is extremely challenging, due to the unavoidable repeated disturbances to individuals that are necessary to measure water levels at multiple occasions, in order to measure the rate of water loss. We suggest that development of biomimetic sensors, such as modification of the robolimpet sensor, are required to measure in situ rates of water loss with a high temporal resolution. Although such sensors may not be truly physiologically realistic, they are likely to provide the least confounded approach to understanding benefits of aggregation in terms of physical stress reduction. 相似文献
19.
《Limnologica》2016
Invasive species are a threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Aquatic snails have a limited ability for an active dispersal. Therefore, their ability to survive to transport in non-aquatic media may help explain their spread across unconnected habitats. We assessed the ability of New Zealand Mud Snail (NZMS) (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) to survive attached to different materials. Two studies were conducted: (1) a laboratory study to assess the tolerance of a laboratory population of NZMS to non-aquatic media attaching snails to leaf litter, sediment and clay and (2) a field-laboratory study to assess the survival of an invasive field population after being left imbedded in clay in the laboratory and subsequently transferred to a new river reach. All laboratory animals died after 3 days in leaf litter, while in the case of sediment and clay all snails died after 5 days. After being imbedded in clay and subsequently transferred to the river, the survival of the field population was lower than that of the laboratory populations. We conclude that NZMS can be dispersed by mechanisms which imply spending some time in non-aquatic media, and that this species has a relatively high tolerance to translocation between reaches with contrasting environmental properties. 相似文献
20.