Improvement of SWAT2000 modelling to assess the impact of dams and sluices on streamflow in the Huai River basin of China     

Gangsheng Wang  Jun Xia 《水文研究》2010,24(11):1455-1471

Hydrological simulation and assessment in a dam–sluice regulated river basin are a complex and challenging issue. In this article, an improved SWAT2000 modelling system was developed that incorporated the Shuffled complex evolution (SCE‐UA) optimization algorithm and the multi‐site and multi‐objective calibration strategy. The implication of multi‐objective is different for different types of outlets, i.e. streamflow for an ordinary outlet, inflow for a sluice, and water storage for a reservoir. Model parameters were redefined to improve model simulations. The surface runoff lag time (SURLAG) was extended as a spatially distributed parameter, and a correction coefficient was introduced to modify the saturated hydraulic conductivity. The modelling system was then applied to the Huai River basin of China under various climatic conditions, including a very dry year (1999), a dry year (1981), an average year (1971), and wet year (1991). In all, 26 dams and 35 sluices were considered, among which about 20 dams/sluices were used for model calibration. The impact assessment primarily focused on the very dry year (1999). The results indicated that the released water from large reservoirs was blocked in the river channels by sluices located downstream. In the very dry year, the dam–sluice operations could result in an increase of the runoff volume during the non‐flood season and a decrease in runoff during the flood season, but the changing magnitude during the non‐flood season was much greater. An important conclusion of this case study is that the sluices in the Sha‐Yin branch located in the north region and the dams in the southern mountainous region above the Wangjiaba Hydrological Station have played the most significant role in regulating the streamflow of the entire river basin. The methods addressed in this article can simulate hydrological regime in the river basins regulated by dams and sluices under different climatic conditions at the whole‐watershed scale. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Modelling hydrological response to a fully‐monitored urban bioretention cell          下载免费PDF全文

Ryan D. Stewart  Joong Gwang Lee  William D. Shuster  Robert A. Darner 《水文研究》2017,31(26):4626-4638

Municipalities and agencies use green infrastructure to combat pollution and hydrological impacts (e.g., flooding) related to excess stormwater. Bioretention cells are one type of infiltration green infrastructure intervention that infiltrate and redistribute otherwise uncontrolled stormwater volume. However, the effects of these installations on the rest of the local water cycle is understudied; in particular, impacts on stormwater return flows and groundwater levels are not fully understood. In this study, full water cycle monitoring data were used to construct and calibrate a two‐dimensional Richards equation model (HYDRUS‐2D/3D) detailing hydrological implications of an unlined bioretention cell (Cleveland, Ohio) that accepts direct runoff from surrounding impervious surfaces. Using both preinstallation and postinstallation data, the model was used to (a) establish a mass balance to determine reduction in stormwater return flow, (b) evaluate green infrastructure effects on subsurface water dynamics, and (c) determine model sensitivity to measured soil properties. Comparisons of modelled versus observed data indicated that the model captured many hydrological aspects of the bioretention cell, including subsurface storage and transient groundwater mounding. Model outputs suggested that the bioretention cell reduced stormwater return flows into the local sewer collection system, though the extent of this benefit was attenuated during high inflow events that may have exhausted detention capacity. The model also demonstrated how, prior to bioretention cell installation, surface and subsurface hydrology were largely decoupled, whereas after installation, exfiltration from the bioretention cell activated a new groundwater dynamic. Still, the extent of groundwater mounding from the cell was limited in spatial extent and did not threaten other subsurface infrastructure. Finally, the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the overall hydrological response was regulated by the hydraulics of the bioretention cell fill material, which controlled water entry into the system, and by the water retention parameters of the native soil, which controlled connectivity between the surface and groundwater.  相似文献   

Effects of urbanization and stormwater control measures on streamflows in the vicinity of Clarksburg,Maryland, USA          下载免费PDF全文

Lee Rhea  Taylor Jarnagin  Dianna Hogan  J. V. Loperfido  William Shuster 《水文研究》2015,29(20):4413-4426

Understanding the efficacy of revised watershed management methods is important to mitigating the impacts of urbanization on streamflow. We evaluated the influence of land use change, primarily as urbanization, and stormwater control measures on the relationship between precipitation and stream discharge over an 8‐year period for five catchments near Clarksburg, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA. A unit‐hydrograph model based on a temporal transfer function was employed to account for and standardize temporal variation in rainfall pattern, and properly apportion rainfall to streamflow at different time lags. From these lagged relationships, we quantified a correction to the precipitation time series to achieve a hydrograph that showed good agreement between precipitation and discharge records. Positive corrections appeared to include precipitation events that were of limited areal extent and therefore not captured by our rain gages. Negative corrections were analysed for potential causal relationships. We used mixed‐model statistical techniques to isolate different sources of variance as drivers that mediate the rainfall–runoff dynamic before and after management. Seasonal periodicity mediated rainfall–runoff relationships, and land uses (i.e. agriculture, natural lands, wetlands and stormwater control measures) were statistically significant predictors of precipitation apportionment to stream discharge. Our approach is one way to evaluate actual effectiveness of management efforts in the face of complicating circumstances and could be paired with cost data to understand economic efficiency or life cycle aspects of watershed management. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   

鄂东南大冶矿区地质环境影响性评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

罗锋  柴波  周爱国 《工程地质学报》2015,23(3):580-588

在我国,矿业城市的地质环境问题日趋严重,需要探索一套适合于区域矿山地质环境影响性评价的技术方法,以指导矿业城市或重点矿区的矿产资源开发和环境保护。以鄂东南大冶矿区(即大冶市)为例,以遥感调查数据为基础,建立了由地质环境背景、已有地质环境问题和矿山开采活动三方面组成的区域矿山地质环境影响性评价指标体系,采用传统的模糊综合评价方法,分别对自然状态下矿区的地质灾害易发性和采矿状态下的矿区地质环境影响性进行了定量评价。结果表明:(1)自然状态下,大冶矿区地质灾害高易发区、较高易发区、较低易发区及低易发区分别占评价总面积的3.29%、12.55%、24.53%及59.62%;(2)采矿状态下,大冶矿区地质环境影响性严重区、较严重区、一般、轻微区分别占评价总面积的13.63%、22.96%、33.95%及24.96%。评价结果可作为大冶矿区矿产开发规划和综合性地质环境治理的重要依据。  相似文献   

山洪影响调查评价与预警体系建设方法研究——以昌江芦溪河段为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡余忠  姚学斌  章彩霞  方泓  方国基 《水文》2015,35(3):20-25

以山洪影响调查成果为基础,评价了昌江芦溪河段受洪水影响的程度,建立了水位预警指标体系和水文预报模型。得出的主要结论有:昌江芦溪河段洪水影响机率不到5年一遇,罗村最典型,个别年份重复受灾,属典型的山洪影响威胁区;以既有水文站点为基础,建立了水文站点的水位与上下游村落淹没基础信息的量化关联,形成"1对N"的预警关联体系,标定了集合对象的成灾水位(75.50m),分析结论与实际调查结果吻合;研究了昌江流域产汇流规律,建立了预报模型。本文的评价思路与预警体系构架方法可以作为完善山洪灾害非工程措施、中小河流水文监测系统实际应用的参考,对各地正在开展的山洪灾害调查评价工作具有参考意义。  相似文献   

蓄能式液动潜孔锤的研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘国经 《探矿工程》2015,42(7):45-498

蓄能式液动潜孔锤是一种反作用式潜孔锤,具有低能耗、小排量、大冲击功和高能量利用率的特点。以芯阀结构为例,介绍了蓄能式液动潜孔锤的结构特点及其工作原理,阐述了新型蓄能式液动潜孔锤的研制过程和技术优势,以及应用效果。指出了存在的问题和改进的建议。  相似文献   

基于CORS网监测台州地区陆地水负荷对地表垂直形变的影响     

高晨轩  柯宝贵  章传银  李婉秋  张剑 《大地测量与地球动力学》2021,41(5):501-505

基于CORS站网基线综合解算,利用移去-恢复法和负荷形变法监测陆地水负荷对地表垂直形变的影响。以台州地区为例,对2017~2019年CORS站网和相关区域负荷数据进行分析。结果表明,台州地区陆地水负荷对地表垂直形变的影响存在季节性变化,地下水负荷影响较为明显,可达cm级;且该影响在年际尺度上相对稳定。利用CORS站网可以监测陆地水负荷引起的地表垂直形变,为水动力环境监测与地质灾害监测提供参考。  相似文献   

闽江下游及河口区表层沉积物粘土矿物含量分布特征及其环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯华  ;高爱国  ;朱旭旭  ;汪卫国  ;倪冠韬  ;彭建平 《台湾海峡》2014,(3):418-424

为探究闽江下游及河口区粘土矿物的含量分布特征,于2009年在该区域采集表层沉积物样品25个,利用X射线衍射进行了粘土矿物的含量测定.结果表明粘土矿物的相对百分含量范围分别为：高岭石（33%-47%,平均值为42%）,伊利石（27%-43%,平均值为34%）,绿泥石（20%-29%,平均值为24%）,蒙脱石（0%-3%,平均值为1%）.在显著水平为0.01时,伊利石与高岭石、绿泥石的含量呈显著负相关关系,伊利石与高岭石的相关系数为-0.825,伊利石与绿泥石的相关系数为-0.611.通过对闽江下游及河口区粘土矿物含量分布的分析及与中国近海的粘土矿物含量分布对比,闽江下游及河口区粘土矿物的含量分布受物质来源、地形条件、介质环境、粘土矿物自身颗粒大小形态和人类活动的影响.相对于黄河和长江,闽江表层沉积物中具有较高的高岭石含量,较低的伊利石含量,与珠江的粘土矿物组合特征类似,这反映出气候效应的影响.  相似文献   

Assessment of Human Impacts on Vegetation in Built-up Areas in China Based on AVHRR,MODIS and DMSP_OLS Nighttime Light Data,1992–2010     

Qinping Liu  Yongchun Yang  Hongzhen Tian  Bo Zhang  Lei Gu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(2):231-244

Since the reform and opening-up program started in 1978,the level of urbanization has increased rapidly in China.Rapid urban expansion and restructuring have had significant impacts on the ecological environment especially within built-up areas.In this study,ArcGIS 10,ENVI 4.5,and Visual FoxPro 6.0 were used to analyze the human impacts on vegetation in the built-up areas of 656Chinese cities from 1992 to 2010.Firstly,an existing algorithm was refined to extract the boundaries of the built-up areas based on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System(DMSP_OLS)nighttime light data.This improved algorithm has the advantages of high accuracy and speed.Secondly,a mathematical model(Human impacts(HI))was constructed to measure the impacts of human factors on vegetation during rapid urbanization based on Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR)Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)NDVI.HI values greater than zero indicate relatively beneficial effects while values less than zero indicate proportionally adverse effects.The results were analyzed from four aspects:the size of cities(metropolises,large cities,medium-sized cities,and small cities),large regions(the eastern,central,western,and northeastern China),administrative divisions of China(provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities)and vegetation zones(humid and semi-humid forest zone,semi-arid steppe zone,and arid desert zone).Finally,we discussed how human factors impacted on vegetation changes in the built-up areas.We found that urban planning policies and developmental stages impacted on vegetation changes in the built-up areas.The negative human impacts followed an inverted′U′shape,first rising and then falling with increase of urban scales.China′s national policies,social and economic development affected vegetation changes in the built-up areas.The findings can provide a scientific basis for municipal planning departments,a decision-making reference for government,and scientific guidance for sustainable development in China.  相似文献   

对流参数主分量旋转法在西昌地区雷暴预报中的应用     

刘宸钊  裴军林  汪正林  党建涛  施萧 《成都信息工程学院学报》2014,29(3):322-328

为研究对流参数主分量旋转方案对西昌地区雷暴预报的影响,利用2006~2008年雨季(6~9月)T213模式输出产品,采用F-分值法和主分量旋转法,分别初选和精选因子,并结合二元Logistic回归分析,建立了西昌北郊某站的雷暴释用预报的模型,并对该站2010年雨季雷暴进行预报试验。试验结果表明:精选因子的KMO检验值在0.65~0.85,且Bartlett球形度检验显著,说明该站的雷暴对流参数适用于因子分析;极大方差旋转能够较好地分离因子载荷,对雷暴信息的提取能力较强;试报的TS评分在0.3左右,24小时预报的Hedike评分可达0.337,模型的预报准确率较高,持续性较好。综上所述,采用主分量旋转法对雷暴的MOS预报有一定的改善效果。  相似文献