基于区域跟踪的增雨效果分析方法新探     

汪玲  刘黎平  汪天颖  吴添圆  万丛  刘新建 《湖北气象》2015,34(1)

在高炮催化区跟踪算法基础上,探究了选取等面积同心圆环作为对比区进行人影作业效果物理评估新方案,并给出了该方案适应性判断指标。选取垂直液态含水量和面雨量作为方案检验因子,分析了不同自然降水过程中,不同时间段"催化区"和"对比区"平均物理量的双比值和相对偏差等参量的变化;并以相似离散度为指标,分析该方法的适用范围,分析何种条件下自然降水的"催化区"和"对比区"变化比较一致且小于增雨效果。实验表明:不同自然降水过程中,"催化区"和"对比区"30 min平均垂直液态含水量变化以及3 h平均相对增雨均小于增雨效果,新方案可用于人工增雨效果分析。后提出将综合相似离散度作为判据,当其值大于0.2时,则不采用该方案,判据的增加明显改善了新方案评估效果。  相似文献   

Three-dimensional simulations and wind-tunnel experiments on airflow over isolated forest stands     

Terry L. Clark  Stephen J. Mitchell  Michael Novak 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,125(3):487-503

Prediction of windthrow risk to individual or groups of retained trees in harvested stands requires an improved understanding of canopy airflow dynamics. Large-eddy simulations were used to simulate wind-tunnel experiments in two and three dimensions to compare with observations for model validation and to address parameter space considerations for the design of subsequent retention pattern experiments. The three-dimensional simulations were similar to the observed wind-tunnel data for the statistical profiles for but there were greater differences in skewness and kurtosis. These results were obtained using a common leaf-area drag formulation without either skin friction or speed dependent drag that enables scaling with U ₀ (ambient wind speed) and h (height of the canopy). This scaling results in a single non-dimensional parameter h/h _c where h _c (x, y, z) is the momentum range resulting from the canopy drag. The validity of the model scaling was tested using two-dimensional simulations. The irrotational component of the flow (potential flow) was found to be important when defining vertical domain limitations and has significant implications for time dependent flow (i.e. turbulent conditions) when considering retention pattern design. The sudden onset of drag associated with the isolated stand presents some unexpected challenges. The horizontal scales of the shearing instabilities were simulated in two dimensions and found to range between 2h for early times to 7h for later times. The early-time horizontal scales are in the range of logical retention pattern scales and as such need to be taken into account as part of the parameter space, i.e. a range of retention pattern lengths need consideration.  相似文献   

冀中南地区农田生物生产力与碳截获能力时空变化分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡乔利  沈彦俊  陈福军  齐永青  张玉翠 《地理科学》2012,(2):219-224

以6期(1985年、1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年和2008年)土地利用数据和1984~2008年的粮食产量数据为基础,对冀中南地区农田生物生产力和碳截获能力进行了估算,并对其时空差异特征及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:自20世纪80年以来,冀中南地区农田中生物生产力和碳截获能力表现为增强趋势,总生物量和碳截获总量分别达到0.065 Pg和0.025 Pg。农田的碳截获能力具有空间差异性。山前平原地区农田的生物生产力和碳截获能力均比较大,而在西部山区和东部低平原区表现较低。随着农田生物生产力和碳截获能力的增强,加速了碳循环和碳汇的过程。虽然农田碳截获总量很大,而且只是动态的碳库,但是如果能够合理利用必将增加农田的实际固碳能力。  相似文献   

农业气象类科技成果推广应用经济效益分析方法探讨     

徐凤梅  王红红  段越林  祝永锋  王伟  冉献忠 《河南气象》2008,31(1):45-47

以科技部农业科技成果转化项目“黄淮平原农业干旱监测预警及综合防御技术推广应用”为例,对科学技术进步奖经济效益分析项目逐项解析后得出：该项目推广应用经济效益显著,对农业经济的贡献主要是节约开支、减少水资源和作物秸秆的无效浪费,对于培肥地力、改善作物的土壤生态环境以及对当季和下茬作物高产具有十分重要的意义。但对于改善生态环境而获得的生态效益分析方法,需利用其他指标进一步探讨。  相似文献   

西南低涡东移对华南暴雨增幅的动力机制分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄东林周伟灿  薛荣康 《广西气象》2006,27(4):30-33,61

对1996年6月13-14日华南大暴雨发生过程的天气形势和物理量场进行分析，并从中尺度能量方面探讨了西南低涡对华南暴雨增幅的动力机制。结果表明：暴雨的发生与西南低涡及850hPa孟湾地区的水汽通量有着密切的联系；而500hPa较强的负螺旋度有利于低层低涡的发展加强;暴雨发生前，华南上空维持一支反气旋性的西南急流，当西南涡东南移时，造成本地重力惯性波能量增加，从而对华南暴雨有正贡献，即对暴雨有一定的增幅作用。  相似文献   

Fifty-eight years and counting of watershed science at the Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds in northern California     

Paul W. Richardson  Jayme E. Seehafer  Elizabeth T. Keppeler  Diane G. Sutherland  Joseph W. Wagenbrenner  Kevin D. Bladon  Salli F. Dymond  Ryan P. Cole 《水文研究》2021,35(6):e14207

The Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds are the site of a long-term paired watershed study in the northern Coast Ranges of California. The watersheds are predominately forested with coast redwood and Douglas-fir. Old-growth forest was logged between 1860 and 1904. Two harvesting experiments have been completed since then and a third experiment is currently underway. Caspar Creek data are split into three phases corresponding to three experiments: Phase 1 (1962–1985) reports on a selection harvest (1971–1973) and initial recovery in the South Fork watershed; Phase 2 (1985–2017) includes clearcut harvesting of ~50% of the North Fork watershed (1985–1992) and recovery; and Phase 3 (2017 onward) corresponds to a second selection harvest in the South Fork watershed with a range of subwatershed harvest intensities (2017–2019) and recovery. All three experiments included harvest-related road-building and relied primarily on measurements of streamflow and sediment delivery from both treated and reference watersheds. Major findings include modest increases in post-harvest peak flows and cumulative flow volumes, post-harvest low flows that initially increased and then decreased 12 to 15 years after harvesting, and the consequences of different yarding techniques and road design on sediment yields. Some of the data for Phase 1 and Phase 2 are available in a USDA Forest Service online archive. The archived data include precipitation, streamflow, suspended sediment concentrations, turbidity, accumulated weir pond sediment volumes, bedload transport rates, water stable isotope data, and geospatial data. Archiving activities are ongoing. Phase 3 data are currently being collected and will be archived after a post-harvest monitoring period.  相似文献   

Carbon storage and sequestration of national key ecological restoration programs in China: An introduction to special issue     

Guohua Liu  Xing Wu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(4):393-396

<正>Although a crucial objective of ecosystem management should be the avoidance of degradation at the beginning,an unfortunate truth is that ecosystems have been substantially exploited,degraded and destroyed in the last century as a result of the global increase in economic and societal prosperity(Suding,2011).More than 60%of ecosystems have been converted for human use or degraded through unsustainable harvest,pollution,  相似文献   

用经济-气候模型模拟粮食单产的方法探讨          下载免费PDF全文

符琳  李维京  张培群  宋艳玲 《气候变化研究进展》2011,7(5):330-335

综合考虑作物生育期内逐旬光、温、水气候条件的影响,通过SVD和EOF方法构建一个综合气候因子,结合经济资料建立吉林省经济-气候模型,并应用于吉林省粮食单产的模拟和年景评估。结果表明:综合气候因子对吉林省粮食单产的影响主要为正效应,经济-气候模型能对吉林省粮食单产和年景进行较好的评估。  相似文献   

北方麦收期间连阴雨天气环流特征   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

王秀文  李月安 《气象》2005,31(9):52-56

利用1980-2004年5月下旬至6月中旬北方麦收区30个代表站降水实况资料，连阴雨期间亚欧范围500hPa逐日形势图和500hPa高度平均图等，分析总结了近25年来北方麦收期间连阴雨的天气气候和环流形势特征；对北方麦收期间出现的连阴雨天气过程与环流形势和影响系统的关系进行初步探讨，确定连阴雨天气的概念模型。分析表明，阻塞高压形势且贝加尔湖附近伴有冷涡是造成连阴雨天气最主要的环流特征；在500hPa地转风υ场上，麦收区多处于南北风交界处；长连阴雨期间，850hPa东亚地区中低纬度盛行南风为主要特征。  相似文献   

利用GIS校正自动计产数据中的收割面积误差   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵新元  潘瑜春  向南平  赵春江  李翔 《地理与地理信息科学》2005,21(5):41-44

采样周期内实际收割面积计算误差造成的产量数据误差是联合收割机计产数据中的一种常见误差。为了消除由收割面积造成的产量数据误差,利用产量数据中产量点的精确GPS位置信息,并基于当前产量点与相邻产量点之间的时序关系和空间拓扑关系,通过GIS的缓冲区分析和叠加分析确定当前产量点的实际收割小区,最后通过谷物流量和实际收割面积计算产量点的实际产量。实验结果表明：经过误差校正,收割面积的计算误差由校正前的10％左右降低到1％以内,平均产量提高8％左右,同时该方法也可以检测出没有产量点的区域。  相似文献