Mineral Components, Texture, and Forming Conditions of Hydrothermal Chimney on the East Pacific Rise at 9°-10°N   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑建斌  曹志敏安伟 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2007,18(2):28-134

To characterize the hydrothermal processes of East Pacific rise at 9°-10°N, sulfide mineral compositions, textural, and geochemical features of chimney ores were studied using ore microscope,scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electron microprobe techniques. Results show that there are three mineral assemblages for the hydrothermal chimney ores, namely：（i） anhydrite ＋ marcasite ＋ pyrite, （ii） pyrite ＋ sphalerite ＋ chalcopyrite, and （iii） chalcopyrite ＋ bornite ＋ digenite ＋ covellite. Mineral assemblages, zonational features, and geochemical characteristics of the ore minerals indicate that ore fluid temperature changed from low to high then to low with a maximum temperature up to 400 ℃. The chimney is a typical black smoker. The initial structure of the chimney was formed by the precipitation of anhydrites, and later the sulfides began to precipitate in the inner wall.  相似文献   

Subtropical to temperate facies from a transition zone, mixed carbonate–siliciclastic system, Palaeogene, North Carolina, USA     

BRIAN P COFFEY  J. FRED READ† 《Sedimentology》2007,54(2):339-365

Palaeogene passive margin sediments on the US mid‐Atlantic coastal plain provide valuable insight into facies interaction and distribution on mixed carbonate–siliciclastic shelves. This study utilizes well cuttings, outcrop, core, and seismic data to document temporal and spatial variations in admixed bryozoan‐rich skeletal carbonates and sandy siliciclastic units that were deposited on a humid passive margin located in the vicinity of a major marine transition zone. This zone was situated between north‐flowing, warm waters of the ancestral Gulf Stream (carbonate dominated settings) and south‐flowing, cold waters of the ancestral Labrador Current (siliciclastic dominated settings). Some degree of mixing of carbonates and siliciclastics occurs in all facies; however, siliciclastic‐prone sediments predominate in nearshore settings, while carbonate‐prone sediments are more common in more open marine settings of the inner shelf break and deep shelf. A distinctive dual‐break shelf depositional profile originated following a major Late Cretaceous to Palaeocene transgression that drowned the earlier shallow platform. This profile was characterized by prominent mid‐shelf break dividing the shallow shelf from the deep shelf and a major continental shelf/slope break. Incomplete filling of available accommodation space during successive buildup of the shallow shelf preserved the topographic break on this passive margin. Storm wave base also contributed to the preservation of the dual‐break shelf geometry by beveling shallow shelf sediments and transporting them onto and seaward of the mid‐shelf break. Sediment fines in deep shelf facies were produced in place, transported downdip from the shallow shelf by storm ebb currents and boundary currents, and reworked from adjacent areas of the deep shelf by strike‐parallel boundary currents. Regional climate and boundary currents controlled whether carbonate or siliciclastic material was deposited on the shelf, with warmer waters and more humid climates favouring carbonate deposition and cooler, more arid conditions favouring glaucony and siliciclastic dominated deposition. Continuous wave and current sweeping of the shallow shelf favoured deposition of mud‐lean facies across much of the shallow shelf. Skeletal components in much of the carbonate‐rich strata formed in warm, nutrient‐rich subtropical waters, as indicated by widespread occurrences of larger benthic foraminifera and molluscan assemblages. These indicators of warm water deposition within the bryozoan‐mollusk‐rich carbonate assemblage on this shelf provide an example of a warm water bryomol assemblage; such facies generally are associated with cooler water depositional settings.  相似文献   

浙西上奥陶统于潜组Spirodesmos遗迹化石组合的环境意义   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

晋慧娟 《地质科学》1998,33(3):282-289

在概述了浙江西部上奥陶统于潜组的沉积学特征,并进而描述了发现的14个遗迹化石属基础上,从4个方面对Spirodesmos为代表的遗迹组合进行了环境分析:(1)14个遗迹属中仅3个属为穿相型分子,其余占遗迹总属2/3以上的遗迹化石均为典型的深水型分子,它们都是Nereites遗迹相的主要成员,因此该遗迹组合可归属于深海Nereites遗迹相中;(2)大部分遗迹化石呈复杂规则弯曲的形态,这种形态的遗迹化石是深海环境的遗迹化石标志;(3)14个遗迹属均为觅食迹和牧食迹,它们的行为习性,尤其是牧食迹主要分布于深海环境;(4)多数遗迹属的水深分布均在200m以下。由此可认为Spirodesmos遗迹组合是半深海-深海环境的产物。  相似文献   

找出最主要的控矿因素,建立三因控矿分析思路   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

高浩中  蔡新平 《地质与勘探》1998,34(5):1-2

通过几个已知金矿区的研究,认为到不同矿区有不同的控矿因素,首先找出最主要的控矿因素,再配合两个深层相关因素,进行矿体定位。  相似文献   

内蒙古温都尔庙地区温都尔庙群的形成环境和构造意义   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

吴泰然  张臣 《高校地质学报》1998,4(2):168-176

内蒙古温都尔庙地区有一套统称为温都尔庙群的变质岩系,该岩系主要由两种不同的岩石组合组成：一套是出露于乌兰沟一带的浅变质岩系,主要由变玄武岩、硅质岩、火山碎屑岩、碎屑岩组成的基性火山岩－碎屑岩组合;另一套是出露于德言其庙一带的深变质岩系,主要由斜长角并岩、斜长片麻岩组成。这两套岩石组合在变形变质、岩石化学和形成环境等方面都有很大的差异,前者主要表面出弧后盆地的特征,后者则是拉张过程中板底垫托的产物,它们分别代表了华北板块北缘中元古代不同构造演化阶段的产物。  相似文献   

Geochemical Features and Tectonic Settings of Upper Ordovician Marine Volcanic Rocks on North Margin of Qaidam     

Lai Shaocong  Deng Jinfu  Zhao Hailing 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1998,9(2)

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＢＲＩＥＦＧＥＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＤＥＳＣＲＩＰ┐ＴＩＯＮＳＴｈｅＵｐｐｅｒＯｒｄｏｖｉｃｉａｎｍａｒｉｎｅｖｏｌｃａｎｉｃｒｏｃｋｓｏｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｍａｒｇｉｎｏｆＱａｉｄａｍｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｒｅｐｅａｔｅｄｌｙｄｉｓ...  相似文献   

Chloritoid–glaucophane schist in the north Qilian orogen, NW China: phase equilibria and P–T path from garnet zonation     

C. J. WEI  S. G. SONG 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2008,26(3):301-316

Chloritoid–glaucophane‐bearing rocks are widespread in the high‐pressure belt of the north Qilian orogen, NW China. They are interbedded and cofacial with felsic schists originated from greywackes, mafic garnet blueschists and low‐T eclogites. Two representative chloritoid–glaucophane‐bearing assemblages are chloritoid + glaucophane + garnet + talc + quartz (sample Q5‐49) and chloritoid + glaucophane + garnet + phengite + epidote + quartz (sample Q5‐12). Garnet in sample Q5‐49 is coarse‐, medium‐ and fine‐grained and shows two types of zonation patterns. In pattern I, X_grs is constant as X_py rises, and in pattern II X_grs decreases as X_py rises. Phase equilibrium modelling in the NC(K)MnFMASH system with Thermocalc 3.25 indicates that pattern I can be formed during progressive metamorphism in lawsonite‐stable assemblages, while pattern II zonation can be formed with further heating after lawsonite has been consumed. Garnet growth in Q5‐49 is consistent with a continuous progressive metamorphic process from ～14.5 kbar at 470 °C to ～22.5 kbar at 560 °C. Garnet in sample Q5‐12 develops with pattern I zonation, which is consistent with a progressive metamorphic process from ～21 kbar at 540 °C to ～23.5 kbar at 580 °C with lawsonite present in the whole garnet growth. The latter sample shows the highest P–T conditions of the reported chloritoid–glaucophane‐bearing assemblages. Phase equilibrium calculation in the NCKFMASH system with a recent mixing model of amphibole indicates that chloritoid + glaucophane paragenesis does not have a low‐pressure limit of 18–19 kbar as previously suggested, but has a much larger pressure range from 7–8 to 27–30 kbar, with the low‐pressure part being within the stability field of albite.  相似文献   

Probabilistic aspects of micropaleontologic assemblage zones     

Isamu Hattori 《Mathematical Geology》1985,17(2):167-175

A micropaleontologic assemblage zone is defined by occurrence of some characteristic species among many coeval species. When number of assemblage-defining species and total number of species observed are designated as Aand N,respectively, the ratio, A/N,is strongly dependent on duration of the assemblage. Theoretical consideration on the basis of a micropaleontologic cohort model shows that, when origination rate and extinction rate of species are obtained, the most reasonable ratio (A/N) and duration of the assemblage can be determined. The probabilistic model described in this paper provides a theoretical relation between the ratio and the duration. Inaccuracy in correlating micropaleontologic data to certain assemblage zones established can not be avoided because of many natural sorting and artificial biases. Ambiguity arising when data with a small number of characteristic species are correlated with a certain assemblage is numerically estimated.  相似文献   

富钴结壳中矿物组成对稀土元素分布的制约     

张平萍  初凤友  李小虎 《海洋学报》2015,37(5):136-147

为探讨富钴结壳中矿物组成对稀土元素分布的制约,对约翰斯顿岛富钴结壳中矿物组成及稀土元素特征进行了研究。依据主要矿物组成,富钴结壳可以分为3种类型,分别命名为A、B、C。由A到C,水羟锰矿含量逐渐降低,B类中磷灰石含量最高,C类中水钠锰矿和钙锰矿含量最高。A类结壳中富集REE3+、Ce,B类结壳中富集Ce和Y。A类富钴结壳中,REE3+、Y以专属吸附的方式富集在铁氧化物上,Ce3+氧化成Ce4+与其他REE分离,吸附在锰矿物上。B类结壳中,稀土元素主要以独立矿物的形式存在,另有部分Ce、LREE3+吸附于铁相中,部分Y存在于磷灰石中。C类结壳中,稀土元素主要赋存在锰矿物中,部分Y存在于磷灰石中。  相似文献   

青藏高原盐湖水化学及其矿物组合特征   总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22  

郑绵平  刘喜方 《地质学报》2010,84(11):1585-1600

青藏高原湖泊的矿化度与其湖泊演化所处的自然环境,特别是与气候条件关系密切,根据取得盐湖数量和卫片解译,本区湖泊矿化度在空间上变化的总趋势是由北、西北向南、东南趋向下降,大体上与现代高原年干燥度(年蒸发量/年降水量)呈同步变化。高原盐湖的pH值既与水化学类型有关,又与湖水矿化度有关,即由碳酸盐型→硫酸钠亚型→硫酸镁亚型→氧化物型,其pH值趋于下降,而湖泊的pH值与矿化度大体呈反相关。根据库尔纳可夫—瓦良什科分类法及作者对碳酸盐型的细分,对青藏高原盐湖水化学进行了全面细致划分,从而取得了清晰的规律性认识:本区盐湖水化学具有南北分带,东西分区的特点。不同的盐湖水化学类型,具有不同的专属性,碳酸盐型代表性成矿组合为硼砂(三方硼砂)或硼砂—扎布耶石,以及碱—芒硝组合;硫酸钠亚型代表性成矿组合为芒硝(无水芒硝)—石盐以及镁硼酸盐(库水硼镁石、柱硼镁石等)—钠硼解石—芒硝;硫酸镁亚型代表性成矿组合为硫酸镁盐(泻利盐、白钠镁矾)—石盐、镁硼酸盐—芒硝、芒硝—软钾镁矾—石盐以及大量石膏;氯化物型代表性成矿组合则为光卤石—水氯镁石—石盐、光卤石—石盐,个别盐湖共生南极石。由此可见,青藏高原各类型盐湖矿物组合基本上具有冷相组合特征,芒硝及与其共生的冷相盐类矿物,可成为研究古气候变化的重要标志物。目前已检出青藏高原盐湖水含有59种元素,其中B与Li、Cs、K、Rb有密切共生关系,其含量随湖水矿化度增长大致呈正相关;B、Li、Cs、K、Rb最高正异常落在羌南碳酸盐型带(Ⅰ2)西段—昂拉陵湖区为中心地区;并与本区中新世火山沉积岩系和地热水B、Li、Cs、Rb等高值区并行不悖。以上有力证明B、Li、Cs等特殊元素物质与深部来源有关。据近期大量地球物理和火山岩岩石地球化学研究,其成因与印度—欧亚陆陆碰撞引起的重熔岩浆作用有密切成因联系。南美科迪勒拉高原硼锂(铯)盐湖即生成于活动大陆边缘,两者均说明全球特定的活动构造带是造成天然水B、Li、Cs(K、Rb)高丰度及其成矿作用的主因。  相似文献