2002年7～8月海河流域面雨量预报的误差分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王新龙  胡欣  尤凤春 《气象》2003,29(6):41-45

对天津市气象台和河北省气象台在2002年7—8月的海河流域面雨量24h、48h预报进行了误差对比分析，列举了几种预报误差，并利用模糊数学中的综合评判法，计算了它们的模糊评分。结果表明：海河流域的面雨量预报有一定的可信度，把其作为水文模式的初值，有较高的利用价值；对于各气象台各自辖区内的预报，范围越小，预报越准确；在对面雨量预报效果的评估上，80％(或80)这一数值是客观、可信的。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地新生代地质地貌特征及其演化     

李江海  吴桐雯  雷雨婷 《高校地质学报》1997,25(3):466

塔里木盆地是亚洲大陆腹地独特的巨型地质地貌单元，是研究新生代地球系统的天然实验室。新生代以来，它经历 了古近纪海湾、新近纪湖泊—三角洲平原、河流—湖泊—沙漠、沙漠—河流的地质演化过程，古地理格局变化的主要因素 是远程碰撞造山作用，造成盆地的封闭、气候干旱。古近纪以来，海湾盆地西低东高，构造挤压造成周缘山脉隆升和盆地 逐渐封闭，这是盆地演化最主要的动力因素。新近纪南高北低，随着青藏高原隆升，周围山脉持续隆升，早先形成的河湖 等地质地貌单元不断被周边山脉所封闭，形成塔里木盆地，发育大湖泊。第四纪以来，盆地西高东低，经历了最快速的地 球系统演化，形成中国较大的内流水系以及最大沙漠。内、外动力的耦合作用及其相互作用，控制了塔里木盆地新生代地 球系统演化，塔里木盆地周缘新构造活跃，在巨型盆地内发育了河流、湖泊、沙漠、戈壁、雅丹、干盐湖等多种第四纪的 地貌类型。不同地质因素时空上相互作用，塑造着巨型盆地地球系统演化，塔里木盆地展示了极干旱地区地球系统第四纪 快速的演化过程。  相似文献   

三峡工程大江截流的水文技术   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

戴水平  季学武 《水文》1997,(6):1-7

鉴于三峡工程大江截流水深大，流量大，工期紧，特别是截流过程中要考虑不断航因素，因此，在大江截流和二期围堰阶段的施工进程中，应充分考虑到各方面的因素，尽可能采取一切减少大江截流和二期围堰施工难度的手段和措施，其中水文测验，水文气象预报，河道观测，水文分析与计算和水力学计算等水文工作则是为顺利实施高质量大江截流的重要条件。  相似文献   

STUDIES ON TERRACES AND RIVER SYSTEM CHANGES OF THE UPPER YELLOW RIVER     

Wu Shengguang Yang Dayuan Department of Geography  Nanjing University  Nanjing People''s Republic of ChinaWang Yunfei Nanjing Institute of Geography  Limnology  Academia Sini  Nanjing People''s Republic of China 《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(2)

Ｉ.ＴｈｅＴｅｒｒａｃｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＵｐｐｅｒＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒＴｈｅｔｅｒｒａｃｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｕｐｐｅｒＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒａｒｅｍｏｓｔｌｙｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅｄａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅｗｉｄｅｒｃｏｕｒｓｅｓｉｎｓｅｖｅｒａｌＭｅｓｏｚｏｉｃＣｅｎｏｚｏｉｃｂａｓｉｎｓ(Ｆｉｇｕｒｅ1).1.ＴｅｒｒａｃｅｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＮｇｏｒｉｎｇＬａｋｅａｎｄＧｙａｒｉｎｇＬａｋｅＴｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｌａｙｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｗｉｄｅａｎｄｓｈａｌｌｏｗｂａｓｉｎｓｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅＹｅｌｌ…  相似文献   

天山北坡降水对河流水沙情势影响     

陈亚宁  李卫红 《山地学报》1997,(1)

以天山北坡头屯河流域为例，在对山区不同海拔的降水特征、侵蚀产沙情势以及河流水沙运移特点分析的基础上，详尽就山区降水对河流水沙情势的年际变化、年内变化以及月变化的影响进行了分析研究，并就降水对不同海拔的河流水沙情势的影响强度及相互关系作了探讨．  相似文献   

中国北部边疆第四系地下水研究     

李国安  韩朝平 《第四纪研究》1996,16(2):105-114

在中国北部边疆西起天山东端的北山，东至大兴安岭北段的４２００ｋｍ地域内，气候干旱少雨，水资源贫乏，第四系地下水是主要供水源之一。本文首次比较系统地研究了该区第四纪堆积物的分布和地下水的赋存规律。文中依据不同地貌单元、地层岩性及气候条件诸因素将本区第四系地下水划分为枝状沟谷砂砾石层孔隙水、河谷冲积平原砂砾石层孔隙水两种主要类型，并着重对有重要供水意义的河谷冲积平原砂砾石层孔隙水的分布、埋藏条件、富水性及水化学特征进行了论述。  相似文献   

The influence of marine inflows on the chemical composition of groundwater in small islands: the example of the Cyclades (Greece)     

J. Dazy  C. Drogue  P. Charmanidis  Ch. Darlet 《Environmental Geology》1997,31(3-4):133-141

 Marine contamination of groundwater may be caused by seawater intrusion and by salt spray. The role of both processes was studied in the Cyclades archipelago on four small islands (45–195 km²) whose aquifers consist essentially of fractured, weathered metamorphic rocks. Annual rainfall ranges from 400 to 650 mm and precipitation has high total dissolved solids contents of 45–223 mg l^–1. The chemical characteristics of the groundwater, whose salinity is from 0.4 to 22 g l^–1, are strongly influenced by seawater intrusion. However, the effect of atmospheric input is shown in certain water sampling locations on high ground elevation where the dissolved chloride contents may attain 200 mg l^–1. Received: 14 November 1995 · Accepted: 9 September 1996  相似文献   

Effects of geology and human activity on the dynamics of salt-water intrusion in three coastal aquifers in southern Spain   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

M. L. Calvache  A. Pulido-Bosch 《Environmental Geology》1997,30(3-4):215-223

 Mathematical modelling of salt-water intrusion processes in three aquifers on the southern coast of Spain (Río Verde, Río Vélez and Castell de Ferro) reveals that, although all three systems are subject to the same climate and seasonal over-exploitation, geological and human factors have very different effects on the dynamics of contamination. In the Río Verde aquifer, the most important influence is the high volume of extractions occurring during the dry season; in Río Vélez, the intrusion is strongly controlled by infiltration of water from the river to the aquifer, and, in the Castell de Ferro system, an intensely karstified carbonate massif lying in contact with both the sea water and the detrital aquifer represents the main entrance point for influx of sea water and subsequent washing of the aquifer. We have undertaken a mathematical simulation of various possible measures to counteract intrusion, according to the specific characteristics of the process in each aquifer. These measures include artificial recharge, use of natural recharge from the river as a hydraulic barrier, and the construction of a low-permeability barrier. Received: 5 December 1995 · Accepted: 12 April 1996  相似文献   

Methodical approach to distribution of epilithic and drifting algae communities in a French subalpine river: Inferences on water quality assessment   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Thierry Rolland  Stéphanie Fayolle  Arlette Cazaubon  Stéphane Pagnetti 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1997,59(1):57-73

In a sub-alpine river, the Asse, with an unpredictable discharge regime, chlorophyll, density and taxonomic diversity of both drifting and periphytic communities were studied from a methodical approach. The investigations based on stamping two close cross-sections to know their spatial distributions in a heterogeneous bed substrate showed a heterogeneous pattern of colonization mainly influenced by hydrological variables as the current velocity, the size of the substrata (gravel-pebble-boulder). For the drifting algae, mainly composed with benthic species temporarily unhooked to the substrata, the heterogeneity of the distribution was reduced in fast flow which induced a mixing of the whole mass of water. For the periphyton, some results indicated that the greatest diversity and the highest chlorophyll concentration were found on pebble substratum where the current velocity was moderate. These results have also shown that the classical methods used to day for investigations were inadequate for most Mediterranean rivers. It was really difficult to estimate the water quality from classical index created for use in regular large plain rivers.  相似文献   

黄河上游径流预报的灰色拓扑方法   总被引：5，自引：6，他引：5  

蓝永超  杨文华 《冰川冻土》1997,19(4):308-311

以龙羊峡水库年平均入库流量预报为例，根据灰色系统理论的建模方法，利用龙羊峡水库入库水量代表站唐乃亥水文站的实测径流资料，建立了一个ＧＭ（１，１）拓扑预测模型，用于黄河上游径流的长期预报，并取得了较为满意的结果。  相似文献