酯基钻井液的性能评价          下载免费PDF全文

张琰  任丽荣 《探矿工程》2001,(3):36-39

近期在室内研制成功了新型的第一代合成基钻井液的代表－酯钻井液：首先成功制备了酯基液，进而从大量的试验结果中优选出了酯基钻井液配方，在此基础上，对酯基钻井液的性能进行了系统的评价，研究结果表明，所研制的酯基钻井液体系具有优良的润滑性能、储层保护性能和抗污染能力，其页岩抑制性介于柴油基和水基钻井液之间，可以适用于井底温度＞120℃的钻井条件。  相似文献   

From surface acidity to surface reactivity; inhibition of oxide dissolution     

Werner Stumm 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1993,55(4):273-280

Paul Schindler's early work on the acid-base chemistry of oxides was instrumental for the development of the concept of surface complexation. This approach has not only been important in establishing a theory on the adsorption of metal ions and ligands as a function of pH and solution variables, but has become essential in establishing surface speciation (coordinative structural and electronic arrangement at the solidwater interface) which in turn determines surface reactivity. The factors that affect dissolution of Fe(III) (hydr)oxides and inhibition of dissolution are discussed. A few examples for the inhibition of reductive and ligand-promoted dissolution by binuclear complexes of oxoanions (phosphate, borate) and of protonpromoted dissolution by Cr(III) are given.  相似文献   

金属矿区土壤重金属污染的植物修复研究现状   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周涛发  李湘凌  袁峰  范裕  张鑫 《地质论评》2008,54(4):515-522

受矿业活动影响,金属矿区及周边土壤重金属污染已成为严重的环境问题之一。植物修复技术是近年来发展起来的清除土壤中重金属的一种有效、经济的生态技术。重金属污染土壤植物修复技术主要有植物固定、植物挥发和植物吸收等方式,植物固定技术是利用植物阻隔土壤中重金属的迁移,而植物挥发和植物吸收则是将土壤中的重金属移除。本文系统总结了迄今在金属矿区土壤重金属污染的植物固定和植物吸收修复技术研究方面的现状与进展,包括矿区超富集植物筛选、超耐受性植物筛选、提高重金属生物有效性的高效活化剂以及降低重金属迁移能力的化学钝化剂研究等。提出了当前相关领域研究中存在的主要问题,并提出了进一步研究的主要方向。  相似文献   

甘肃李坝金矿区强水敏分散剥落地层冲洗液的选型与使用          下载免费PDF全文

何玉云  王发民  熊正强  曹学斌  王文林 《探矿工程》2016,43(4):59-62

李坝金矿区位于甘肃省陇南市礼县,为甘肃的中型金矿床之一。矿区地层复杂,存在多层构造角砾岩及千枚岩,吸水易分散剥落导致孔壁坍塌。针对矿区地层特点,采用具有良好隔水及强抑制性特点的成膜防塌无固相冲洗液护壁,钻进效率高,共完成钻探工作量2000余米,成功地解决了该矿区遇水易分散剥落地层的孔壁坍塌问题,并显著提高了取心率与取心质量。  相似文献   

新型水基钻井液体系在页岩气钻井中应用探讨          下载免费PDF全文

方静  肖绪玉 《探矿工程》2016,43(7):96-102

目前中国页岩气水平井水平段钻井主要使用油基钻井液,但油基岩屑处理费用昂贵,急需开发和应用一种具有环境保护特性的高性能水基钻井液体系。通过室内实验,优选出适合于水基钻井液的封堵剂、降失水剂等主要处理剂,进而研制出了钾铵基聚磺成膜钻井液体系配方,并进行了抗温性、润滑性、防塌抑制性、封堵性、抗污染性性能评价实验。结果表明：钾铵基聚磺钻井液流变性能良好,抗温可达150 ℃;润滑性能优良,具有较好的抗盐、抗钙污染性能和防漏封堵性能,防塌抑制性强。  相似文献   

钾铵聚合物钻井液在地热钻井中的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

黄聿铭  张金昌  杨钦明 《探矿工程》2016,43(10):265-268

贵州地热井钻遇地层以灰岩和白云岩为主,夹杂泥岩、砂岩及煤层等不稳定地层,为满足井壁稳定及配合螺杆钻进工艺的需求,确定采用强抑制聚合物钻井液体系。通过正交试验确定了室内配方,并对配方的综合性能进行了室内测评。FT-1与QS-2协同作用可有效改善泥皮质量,白油润滑剂在1%加量时即可将润滑系数降低至0.2以下。其综合性能测试结果表明：该钻井液体系具有良好的流变性,抑制性强且润滑性良好。相比于无固相聚合物钻井液,井眼清洁能力明显增强,机械钻速提高了129%,漏失风险有所下降,取得了良好的实钻效果。  相似文献   

The effect of UV-B radiation enhancement on the interspecific competition between Skeletonema costatum and Heterosigma akashiwo   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

XIAO Hui  TANG Xuexi  ZHANG Peiyu  CAI Hengjiang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(2):77-84

1 Introduction R ed tide is a global m arine ecological calam ity.In recentyears, there has been an increase in frequen-cy, affected area and extentof injury of red tide out-breaks in the coastalw aters ofour country.A ccordingto China M arine D isaster B ulletin issued by the StateO ceanic A dm inistration of C hina, harm ful red tideshad occurred up to 119 tim es in 2003, w hich w as 40tim es m ore than thatin 2002. O w ing to the w orsenedcultural environm ent and increased nutrient en…  相似文献   

Nitrous oxide concentration and nitrification and denitrification in Zhujiang River Estuary, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XU Jirong  WANG Youshao  WANG Qinji  YIN Jianping 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(3):122-130

1 Introduction Estuaries have been subject to intense anthro- pogenic influences over recent decades by inputs of ni- trogen as a consequence of fertilizer usage and sewage/waste input (Howarth et al., 1996). Thus, the capacity of an estuary to buffer or alleviate additional nutrients is of importance in modifying the load of ni- trogen in the marine ecosystem. The role of microor- ganisms in regulating fluxes of nitrogen from land to sea through estuaries has received increased attention (Ni…  相似文献   

塔里木盆地柯坪地区新苏地1井冲洗液护壁堵漏工艺          下载免费PDF全文

董海燕  高永进  白忠凯  张远银  姜鹍鹏  吕修祥 《探矿工程》2019,46(8):47-55

塔里木盆地柯坪地区地质调查井钻探工程项目新苏地1井,位于塔里木盆地阿瓦提凹陷沙井子构造带上,该构造带地层倾角大、胶结性差、破碎严重,井壁稳定性差。钻遇地层岩性主要为泥岩、砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、灰岩、白云岩、含泥云岩、石英片岩等,存在多处垮塌和漏失井段。现场采用聚合物防塌冲洗液体系,较好地解决了地层破碎、坍塌掉块等复杂问题,该体系具有抑制性强、胶结性好,在整井的施工中取得了较好的护壁堵漏应用效果,保证了项目的顺利实施。  相似文献   

Dark induced reproductive inhibition of Daphnia carinata during the 1995 solar eclipse     

B.B. Jana  Lachmi Chakrabarti 《Limnologica》1999,29(2):191

Population of Daphnia carinata exposed to different times on the day showed sharp inhibition of reproduction (measured different life table data) on the day of solar eclipse as compared to pre- and post-eclipse days. Sudden fall of water temperature and abrupt change to darkness as prevailed during the solar eclipse were responsible for inhibition of reproduction in Daphnia carinata. Cold and dark induced reproductive inhibition was also confirmed in a simulated experiment mimicing eclipse reduction in light and temperature.  相似文献