西江下游溶解无机碳含量的时空变异特征及其输出通量   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

姚冠荣  高全洲  王振刚  何桐  张永领  刘昆  焦树林 《地球化学》2008,37(3):258-264

选取西江下游干支流6个样点进行一个完整水文年度的观测分析,利用基本水文水化学参数来揭示河水溶解无机碳(DIC)含量的时空变异特征,并估算流域DIC输出通量.结果表明,西江下游干支流DIC含量受控于流域地质环境和水热条件,变化于0.74～2.40 mmol/L之间,存在明显的时空变异.干支流DIC含量季节变化模式基本一致,呈现汛期(不包括受洪水影响极强的时段)较高、非汛期较低而洪水期最低的变化特征,流域水热条件的季节变化是其根本原因;河水DIC含量的空间变异基本与流域碳酸盐岩空间分布格局一致,干流DIC含量明显高于支流,且向下游呈减小趋势.西江流域DIC输出通量约4.57×1012g/a,汛期和6月洪水贡献分别达84%和40%.全流域DIC侵蚀通量约12.95 g/(m2·a),在世界各流域中居中上水平.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of shallow sediments in Guaymas Basin, gulf of California: hydrothermal gas and oil migration and effects of mineralogy     

B.R.T. Simoneit  R.N. Leif  A.A. Sturz  A.E. Sturdivant  J.M. Gieskes 《Organic Geochemistry》1992,18(6)

Offset of prograde hydrothermal alterations by retrograde reactions is evident in sediments from a piston core (PC6, 8 m long) from the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of sediments and pore fluids show superimposed geochemical signals that indicate currently active reactions are modifying previously formed secondary solids. Hydrothermal barite was formed in a previously active flow channel between 150 and 250 cm depth. Hydrothermal gypsum is presently dissolving at depths > 780 cm, below which hydrothermal fluid flow is channeled by a secondary dolomite layer. Thermal stress of organic matter generates hydrothermal gas and petroleum having wide ranges of compositions and maturities. A significant amount of hydrothermally generated oil has been transported laterally through a porous debris flow (approx. 240 cm subbottom), overwhelming the indigenous bituminous matter. Water soluble petroleum constituents have disseminated throughout the cored sediments. From 400 to 700 cm depth the immature organic matter continues to experience thermally-enhanced diagenesis, and an even higher thermal stress has occurred at the bottom of the core. Enhanced bacterial degradation of organic matter has led to depletion of pore water sulfate and enrichment of ammonium (NH₄⁺) in both pore fluid and sediment, resulting in formation of NH₄⁺ bearing secondary clay minerals at depths below 780 cm.  相似文献   

多元分析法在无机多组份光度分析中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

倪永年 《岩矿测试》1990,9(3):227-233

本文介绍了一些多元分析法,诸如多元线性回归、主成份分析、因子分析、偏最小二乘、聚类分析等方法的基本原理及各自的特点,并就这些方法的近代进展及在无机多组份光度分析中的应用作了综述。  相似文献   

The saturation of calcite and aragonite in the Arctic Ocean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sara Jutterstrm  Leif G. Anderson 《Marine Chemistry》2005,94(1-4):101

We report on the chemical saturation of CaCO₃ in the waters of the Arctic Ocean calculated from total alkalinity (A_T) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (C_T). Data based on four different expeditions are presented: International Arctic Ocean Expedition (IAOE-91), Arctic Ocean Section 94 (AOS94), Polarstern Arctic '96 expedition (ACSYS 96), and Joint Ocean Ice Study 97 (JOIS 97). The results show a lysocline at around 3500 m for aragonite and that most of the Arctic Ocean sea floor lies above the lysocline for calcite. The only anomaly is the low degree of saturation at the shelf break depth in the Canadian Basin seen in the sections of the AOS94 and JOIS 97 cruises, correlated with nutrient maxima and very low O₂ concentration, suggesting decomposition of organic matter. The insignificant variability in degree of saturation between the deep waters of the different basins in the Arctic Ocean indicates a very low sedimentation/remineralisation of organic soft matter.  相似文献   

长江河口淡水端溶解态无机氮磷的通量   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

傅瑞标  沈焕庭 《海洋学报》2002,24(4):34-43

1998年2和9月在长江河口淡水端连续观测了DIN(NO₃-,NO₂-,NH₄+),PO₄3-,流速和流向.结果表明,溶解态无机氮、磷浓度的时空变化较复杂;1998年2月NO₃-,NO₂-,NH₄+和PO₄3-的月通量分别为168241,974.4,19335和2648t,9月的月通量分别为905678,8317,5797和6281t;1998年NO₃-,NO₂-,NH₄+和PO₄3-年通量分别为497.1×104,3.911×104,10.22×104和4.155×104t.  相似文献   

南沙群岛海域溶解无机磷的分布     

程赛伟  林洪瑛 《热带海洋学报》2002,21(3):31-37

根据“八五”,“九五”国家科技专项南沙群岛海域综合科学考察的现场调查资料,对该海域的溶解无机磷（PO4^3- -P）分布进行了分析。结果表明,南沙群岛东南部海域的PO4^3- -P含量高于其它海区;PO4^3- -P随深度的增加而增加,变化速度在50-100m范围内最大;周日变化随季节及站点的不同而不同。南沙群岛海域PO4^3- -P含量分布是物理过程和生物过程共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

三价砷和五价砷对鱼类乙酰胆碱脂酶的体外抑制比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孟昭宇  林洪  王爱青 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(3):471-474

为开展水产品中三价砷的酶法快速检测工作,文中研究了三价砷(As3 + )、五价砷(As5+ )对8种鱼脑中乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的抑制率。结果发现,在10 -7～10 -4mol/L范围内,草鱼和鲫鱼脑中AChE的抑制率与三价砷的浓度负对数值有较好的线性关系,相关系数都在0 .97以上;在10 -6～10 -4mol/L范围内,黑、马鲛、鲈鱼脑中AChE的抑制率与三价砷的浓度负对数值的线性相关系数大于0 .99。对于三价砷,由IC50 得到AChE的敏感性为:美国红鱼>草鱼,鲫,鲈鱼>黑,马鲛>鲤,白鲢。鱼种不同,AChE受到的三价砷、五价砷的抑制作用也不同。在浓度为10 -6～10 -4mol/L范围内,三价砷、五价砷对8种鱼脑中AChE的抑制作用存在极显著差异(p <0 .0 1) ,三价砷对AChE的抑制作用远大于五价砷的抑制作用。  相似文献   

The reliability of the thermodynamic constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater     

Kitack Lee  Frank J. Millero  Douglas M. Campbell 《Marine Chemistry》1996,55(3-4)

Laboratory measurements of all four CO₂ parameters [f_CO2 ( = fugacity of CO₂), pH, TCO₂ ( = total dissolved inorganic carbon), and TA ( = total alkalinity)] were made on the same sample of Gulf Stream seawater (S = 35) as a function of temperature (5–35 °C) and the ratio of TA/TCO₂ (X) (1.0–1.2). Overall the measurements were consistent to ±8 μ atm in f_CO2, ± 0.004 in pH, ± 3 μ mol kg⁻¹ in TCO₂, and ± 3 μ mol kg⁻¹ in TA with the thermodynamic constants of Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995). Deviations between the measured pH, TCO₂, TA and those calculated from various input combinations increase with increasing X when the same constants are used. This trend in the deviations indicates that the uncertainties in pK₂ become important with increasing X (surface waters), but are negligible for samples with the lower X (deep waters). This trend is < 5 μ mol kg⁻¹ when the pK₂ values of Lee and Millero (1995) are used.The overall probable error of the calculated f_CO2 due to uncertainties in the accuracy of the parameters (pH, TCO₂, TA, pK₀, pk₁, and pK₂) is ± 1.2%, which is similar to the differences between the measured values and those calculated using the thermodynamic constants of Millero (1995).The calculated values of pK₁, (from f_CO2-TCO₂-TA) agree to within ± 0.004 compared to the results of Dickson and Millero (1987), Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995) over the same experimental conditions. The calculated values of pK₂ (from pH-TCO₂-TA) are in good agreement (± 0.004) with the results of Lee and Millero (1995) and also in reasonable agreement (± 0.008) with the results of Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995). The salinity dependence of our derived values of pK₁ and pK₂, (S = 35) can be estimated using the equations determined by Millero (1995).  相似文献   

Nutrient Concentrations are High in the Turbid Waters of the Colorado River Delta     

J. Martín Hernndez-Ayn  M. Salvador Galindo-Bect  Bernardo P. Flores-Bez  Saúl Alvarez-Borrego 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1993,37(6)

We studied the seasonal change of the spatial distribution of nitrite (NO^-₂), nitrate (NO^-₃), reactive phosphate (PO^3-₄), and silicate (SiO₂) in the Colorado River Delta. We also generated 24-h time series at one location to study their short-period variability. The delta is a negative estuary. During summer, salinity may be as high as 40. Amplitude of spring tides is as large as 9 m, and this causes great water turbidity by sediment resuspension. Nutrient concentrations were high throughout the whole year, with lower values towards the oceanic region. Maximum nutrient values in the river delta were 15, 53, 11·5 and 92 μM, for NO^-₂, NO^-₃, PO^3-₄, and SiO₂, respectively. Most values were under 2, 40, 5, and 60 μM, for NO^-₂, NO^-₃, PO^3-₄, and SiO₂, respectively. Our nutrient data show no clear seasonal pattern. Possibly, high NO^-₃ values in the delta are due to groundwater input, mostly at the internal extreme, and high NO^-₂, PO^3-₄, and SiO₂ values are due to resuspension of sediments and mixing of porewaters with the water column, caused mainly during spring tides. In the case of NO^-₂, oxidation of NH⁺₄ in the water column would be part of the mechanism. This would explain the high negative correlation between NO^-₃ and sea-level, and the relatively low correlation between the other nutrients and sea-level, for the time series generated at a single location.  相似文献   

The role of inorganic and organic nutrients on the development of phytoplankton along a transect from the Daugava River mouth to the Open Baltic, in spring and summer 1999     

Poder  Tonis; Maestrini  Serge Y; Balode  Maija; Lips  Urmas; Bechemin  Christian; Andrushaitis  Andris; Purina  Ingrida 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2003,60(4):827-835

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