东亚冬季风及其影响的进一步研究I.东亚冬季风变化及异常的特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

裴顺强  李崇银 《气候与环境研究》2007,12(2):124-136

东亚冬季风是北半球冬季最活跃的大气环流系统,其活动有重要影响,其向南爆发可以越过赤道对澳大利亚夏季风起作用。但相对夏季风,人们对东亚冬季风的研究一直较少。作者首先利用Hadley中心近百年的北半球海平面气压场资料,改进提出了一个能更好表征东亚冬季风强度的指数,进一步分析研究了东亚冬季风的年际和年代际变化及其异常特征。其结果表明,东亚冬季风不仅存在着明显的年际变化,主要有准两年的振荡周期和5～7年左右的周期,还存在周期为25～30年左右以及周期为十几年的年代际变化。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用相关分析、合成分析的方法,还系统研究了东亚冬季风异常时的大气环流特征。对比分析表明,对应强、弱东亚冬季风,大尺度环流系统(蒙古高压、阿留申低压、500 hPa位势高度场等)的变化特征基本上呈反相分布;并且在强、弱东亚冬季风年,赤道地区的Hadley环流和Walker环流也出现基本反相的异常分布特征;而且赤道西太平洋有西(东)风异常出现,菲律宾以东有异常气旋(反气旋)性环流。在对异常东亚冬季风诊断分析的基础上,用一个大气环流模式（GCM）模拟了异常东亚冬季风的活动。通过对数值模拟结果的强、弱东亚冬季风进行对比分析发现,在强、弱东亚冬季风时,北半球中高纬度大气环流的结构会出现明显的变化和调整;同时,热带地区大气环流也有显著的差异。数值模拟和资料分析结果有较好的一致性,从而进一步揭示了东亚冬季风的变化和异常特征。  相似文献   

Growing season evapotranspiration in boreal fens in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region: Variability and environmental controls     

Olena Volik  Eric Kessel  Adam Green  Richard Petrone  Jonathan Price 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14020

Current efforts to assess changes to the wetland hydrology caused by growing anthropogenic pressures in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) require well-founded spatial and temporal estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ET), which is the dominant component of the water budget in this region. This study assessed growing season (May–September) and peak growing season (July) ET variability at a treed moderate-rich fen and treed poor fen (in 2013–2018), open poor fen (in 2011–2014), and saline fen (in 2015–2018) using eddy covariance technique and a set of complementary environmental data. Seasonal fluctuations in ET were positively related to net radiation, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit and followed trends typical for the Boreal Plains (BP) and AOSR with highest rates in June–July. However, no strong effect of water table position on ET was found. Strong surface control on ET is evident from lower ET values than potential evapotranspiration (PET); the lowest ET/PET was observed at saline fen, followed by open fen, moderately treed fen, and heavily treed fen, suggesting a strong influence of vegetation on water loss. In most years PET exceeded precipitation (P), and positive relations between P/PET and ET were observed with the highest July ET rates occurring under P/PET ~1. However, during months with P/PET > 1, increased P/PET was associated with decreased July ET. With respect to 30-year mean values of air temperature and P in the area, both dry and wet, cool and warm growing seasons (GS) were observed. No clear trends between ET values and GS wetness/coldness were found, but all wet GS were characterized by peak growing seasons with high daily ET variability.  相似文献   

Interannual Variability and Scenarios Projection of Sea Ice in Bohai Sea Part I: Variation Characteristics and Interannual Hindcast     

Yan Jiao  Fei Huang  Qingrong Liu  Ge Li  Yaru Li  Qingxi Yu  Yiding Zhao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(2):272-280

The Bohai Sea is one of the southernmost areas for sea ice formation in the northern hemisphere.Sea ice disasters in this body of water severely affect marine activities and the safety of coastal residents.In this study,we analyze the variation characteristics of the sea ice in the Bohai Sea and establish an annual regression model based on predictable mode analysis method.The results show the following:1)From 1970 to 2018,the average ice grade is(2.6±0.8),with a maximum of 4.5 and a minimum of 1.0.Liaodong Bay(LDB)has the heaviest ice conditions in the Bohai Sea,followed by Bohai Bay(BHB)and Laizhou Bay(LZB).Interannual variation is obvious in all three bays,but the linear decreasing trend is significant only in BHB.2)Three modes are obtained from empirical orthogonal function analysis,namely,single polarity mode with the same sign of anomaly in all of the three bays and strong interannual variability(82.0%),the north–south dipole mode with BHB and LZB showing an opposite sign of anomalies to that in LDB and strong decadal variations(14.5%),and a linear trend mode(3.5%).Critical factors are analyzed and regression equations are established for all the principal components,and then an annual hindcast model is established by synthesizing the results of the three modes.This model provides an annual spatial prediction of the sea ice in the Bohai Sea for the first time,and meets the demand of operational sea ice forecasting.  相似文献   

THE EFFECT OF EQUATORIAL CENTRAL PACIFIC SSTAS ON THE INTERANNUAL VARIATION OF PRECIPITATION OVER SOUTHWEST CHINA DURING SPRING     

余锦华  陈成  方珂  张婉颖 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(2):166-176

The interannual variations of rainfall over southwest China (SWC) during spring and its relationship with sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Pacific are analyzed, based on monthly mean precipitation data from 26 stations in SWC between 1961 and 2010, NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data, and Hadley global SST data. Sensitivity tests are conducted to assess the response of precipitation in SWC to SSTAs over two key oceanic domains, using the global atmospheric circulation model ECHAM5. The interannual variation of rainfall over SWC in spring is very significant. There are strong negative (positive) correlation coefficients between the anomalous precipitation over SWC and SSTAs over the equatorial central Pacific (the mid-latitude Pacific) during spring. Numerical simulations show that local rainfall in the northwest of the equatorial central Pacific is suppressed, and a subtropical anticyclone circulation anomaly is produced, while a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the mid-latitude western Pacific occurs, when the equatorial Pacific SSTAs are in a cold phase in spring. Anomalous northerly winds appear in the northeastern part of SWC in the lower troposphere. Precipitation increases over the Maritime Continent of the western equatorial Pacific, while a cyclonic circulation anomaly appears in the northwest of the western equatorial Pacific. A trough over the Bay of Bengal enhances the southerly flow in the south of SWC. The trough also enhances the transport of moisture to SWC. The warm moisture intersects with anomalous cold air over the northeast of SWC, and so precipitation increases during spring. On the interannual time scale, the impacts of the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs on rainfall in SWC during spring are not significant, because the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs are affected by the equatorial central Pacific SSTAs; that is, the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs are a feedback to the circulation anomaly caused by the equatorial central Pacific SSTAs.  相似文献   

Seasonal Cycles,Hypoxia, and Renewal in a Coastal Fjord (Barkley Sound,British Columbia)     

R. Pawlowicz 《大气与海洋》2017,55(4-5):264-283

The west coast of Vancouver Island (WCVI) is an important marine ecosystem in which concentrations of dissolved oxygen can reach hypoxic levels at certain times of the year. Although the general features of its oceanography are well understood, little is known in particular about the seasonal cycle of oxygen in shelf areas and its interannual variability. It is possible that high temporal resolution monitoring efforts could be carried out relatively easily in sheltered fjords adjacent to the shelf, but the linkages between conditions in these fjords and those on the shelf are also not known. Here a 10-year time series of monthly hydrographic stations in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, is used to identify the seasonal cycle of temperature, salinity, density, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll fluorescence in a WCVI fjord. Analysis suggests that there is a standard estuarine circulation in surface and near-surface waters of the Sound, as well as a deep renewal cycle in intermediate and deep waters, and that the two are largely independent. The deep basin in the Sound undergoes annual summer renewals in response to wind-driven upwelling on the shelf, separated by stagnation and hypoxia during fall, winter, and spring downwelling periods. Other than for the stagnant deep waters in winter, residence times in different parts of the Sound are only a few weeks. Barkley Sound characteristics thus adjust rapidly to shelf conditions, and inshore measurements can be used with care as a proxy for some shelf properties. However, phytoplankton biomass does not appear to be affected by the onset of deep renewal and the associated reversal of along-shore winds and instead responds to local factors. Finally, once the seasonal cycle has been accounted for, interannual variations in temperature, density, and dissolved oxygen are uncoupled, possibly in response to longer-term changes in the characteristics of source waters offshore and/or to changes in shelf processes.  相似文献   

伴随IOD型和独立型ENSO对山东气候年际变化的影响          下载免费PDF全文

郭飞燕  左卫强  郭飞龙  曹艳察 《山东气象》2017,37(4):34-48

使用1951年以来66 a的观测和再分析资料,通过合成分析的方法对比分析了厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜（El Niño /La Niña）伴随正/负印度洋偶极子（positive/negative Indian Ocean Dipole,pIOD/nIOD）发生年或独立发生年山东夏、秋季气温和降水的年际变化特征,结果表明,伴随IOD型和独立型El Niño/La Niña对山东夏、秋季气温和降水的影响在强度、范围、正负位相、空间型态上存在很大的差异。在气温方面,El Niño在pIOD的调制作用下对山东南部地区夏季气温年际变化的影响加强;El Niño与pIOD伴随发生时,山东秋季气温较常年偏高,而独立发生时气温则偏低,呈反位相变化;La Niña与nIOD伴随发生年夏季鲁西北气温较常年偏低,La Niña独立发生年夏季半岛东部气温较常年偏高,气温异常呈反位相变化;nIOD对La Niña的调制促进作用有利于山东秋季气温较常年异常偏高;850 hPa气温异常与山东表面气温异常有很强的正相关关系。在降水方面,El Niño在pIOD的调制作用下容易引起山东北部地区夏季降水偏少,但会削弱其对山东中部地区秋季降水负异常的影响;La Niña在nIOD的调制作用下山东境内降水都较常年偏多,但降水异常地域分布非常不均,鲁西北降水较常年显著偏多;独立型La Niña更易引起鲁西北西部、鲁中、鲁南大部分地区夏季降水偏少。850 hPa环流异常配合温度场异常对山东夏、秋季降水异常分布有一定的影响。  相似文献   

夏季黄河流域降水气候特征及其与大气环流的关系   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

邢峰  韩荣青  李维京 《气象》2018,44(10):1295-1305

本文基于1958—2015年夏季黄河流域55个观测站降水量和NCEP/NCAR再分析1高度场等资料,使用MannKendall突变检验、合成分析和Monte Carlo检验等气候统计方法,分析了黄河流域58年夏季降水量的气候变化特征,以及导致其变化的大气环流成因。58年期间,黄河流域夏季降水量总体呈减少趋势,尤其在河套北部有显著性减少趋势,其主要原因是欧亚中高纬度等压面升高、西风带减弱所致;1975年和1996年是黄河流域夏季降水的两个明显年代际气候变化转折点,在1958—1975年期间,黄河流域夏季降水量年际变化大,异常偏多和偏少年出现频次较高,期间欧亚中高纬度及其以南包括黄河流域地区高度场偏低,主要受高空低压系统和较强冷空气影响;在1976—1995年期间,黄河流域大部降水偏多,其主要环流成因为乌拉尔山阻塞高压发展、贝加尔湖到东北亚一带受负高度距平控制高空槽加深,同时,来自南方的暖湿气流输送增强;到1996—2015年最近20年间,乌拉尔山北部环流高度场偏低、里海至贝加尔湖再到东北亚一带高度场一致偏高,黄河流域一带西风带强度和冷空气势力均较弱,流域受高压影响导致大部区域降水偏少。不同时期黄河各流域段降水量与中高纬度阻塞高压以及与西北太平洋副热带高压的相关关系分析进一步说明了上述结论。  相似文献   

北印度洋-南海季风区热带海洋极端波候变化特征     

傅晨  罗耀  杨磊  王东晓  周峰华 《南京气象学院学报》2018,10(3):379-385

利用1979—2016年ERA-Interim有效波高（SWH）和海表风场数据,分析了南海-北印度洋极端海浪场分布和变化.结果表明：南海-北印度洋极端SWH分布和极端风速分布形态以及年际变化趋势高度一致,说明了涌浪为主的北印度洋和风浪为主的南海一样,极端SWH都由局地的极端风速控制;强极端SWH主要分布在阿拉伯海以及南海北部,阿拉伯海北部增长与该区域气旋强度增强有着密切关系,而南海的极端SWH主要受东北季风控制;东非沿岸极端SWH线性增长趋势则与索马里急流的年代际尺度上有逐渐增强的线性趋势有关.北印度洋及南海海域极端SWH距平场的EOF分析结果表明,南海极端SWH与北印度洋表现出反相变化的特征.北印度洋（南海海域）极端SWH多出现在西南季风（东北季风）期间,因为在西南季风（东北季风）期间,极端风速也相对增强.  相似文献   

两广地区夏季降水异常与澳大利亚东侧海温异常的联系及可能机制          下载免费PDF全文

霍利微  张福颖  王易 《大气科学学报》2018,41(2):220-227

广东省和广西壮族自治区(两广地区)夏季降水时空分布很不均匀,存在显著的年际变化。利用站点观测降水资料、海洋及大气再分析资料,研究了近40 a两广地区夏季降水年际异常与澳大利亚东侧海温异常的联系及机理。在年际时间尺度上,两广夏季降水异常与澳大利亚东侧的海温异常存在显著的负相关关系。当澳大利亚东侧海温异常偏高时,一方面,部分水汽由热带中太平洋向澳大利亚东侧海区辐合,部分沿西太平洋副热带高压边缘向东亚地区输送,两广地区为水汽辐散区域,另一方面,澳大利亚东侧海区的对流活动增强,该地区上空的上升运动异常增强,通过"大气桥"遥相关使得海洋性大陆地区的异常上升运动增强,从而加强了东亚地区的局地Hadley环流,使得两广地区下沉运动增强,二者共同作用致使两广地区夏季干旱少雨;反之亦然。  相似文献   

Seasonal and interannual variations in the velocity field of the South China Sea   总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16  

Chau-Ron Wu  Ping-Tung Shaw  Shenn-Yu Chao 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(4):361-372

A three-dimensional numerical model is used to simulate sea level and velocity variations in the South China Sea for 1992–1995. The model is driven by daily wind and daily sea surface temperature fields derived from the NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. The four-year model outputs are analyzed using time-domain Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF). Spatial and temporal variations of the first two modes from the simulation compare favorably with those derived from satellite altimetry. Mode 1, which is associated with a southern gyre, shows symmetric seasonal reversal. Mode 2, which contributes to a northern gyre, is responsible for the asymmetric seasonal and interannual variations. In winter, the southern and northern cyclonic gyres combine into a strong basin-wide cyclonic gyre. In summer, a cyclonic northern gyre and an anticyclonic southern gyre form a dipole with a jet leaving the coast of Vietnam. Interannual variations are particularly noticeable during El Niño. The winter gyre is generally weakened and confined to the southern basin, and the summer dipole structure does not form. Vertical motions weaken accordingly with the basin-wide circulation. Variations of the wind stress curl in the first two EOF modes coincide with those of the model-derived sea level and horizontal velocities. The mode 1 wind stress curl, significant in the southern basin, coincides with the reversal of the southern gyre. The mode 2 curl, large in the central basin, is responsible for the asymmetry in the winter and summer gyres. Lack of the mode 2 contribution during El Niño events weakens the circulation. The agreement indicates that changes in the wind stress curl contribute to the seasonal and interannual variations in the South China Sea.  相似文献