A voluntary reduction in the commercial catch of rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) in a New Zealand fishery     

Paul A. Breen  Daryl R. Sykes  Paul J. Starr  Susan Kim  Vivian Haist 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):511-523

We describe the development and application of a management procedure (decision rule) that resulted in a voluntary reduction in the commercial catch of spiny rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) in the lower east coast of North Island of New Zealand. The management procedure was developed from an accepted assessment of the CRA 4 (Wellington‐Hawke's Bay) fishery, which used an integrated length‐based assessment model fitted to commercial fishery catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) biomass indices, commercial length‐frequency data, and tag‐recapture data. The assessment model had been Bayesian, and used the joint posterior distribution of parameters to predict the effect of 384 alternative harvest control rules on the future size of the CRA 4 stock. The harvest control rules all used CPUE as their input, and generated annual changes in catch, which were then simulated by the population dynamics of the operating model. Uncertainty was added to evaluations through observation error, added to the simulated CPUE observations, and stochastic serial auto‐correlation variation in recruitment. We describe how this management procedure was used to effect a voluntary reduction in catch to address the problem of a rapidly declining population.  相似文献   

Feldspar multi-elevated-temperature post-IR IRSL dating of the Wulanmulun Paleolithic site and its implication     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

The Wulanmulun site found in 2010 is an important Paleolithic site in Ordos (China), from which lots of stone and bone artifacts and mammalian fossils have been recovered. It was previously dated by radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques on quartz. To further confirm the reliability of the chronology constructed based on OSL ages and test the applicability of the recently developed pIRIR procedure on sediments from northern China, twenty-four sediment samples (including eolian, lacustrine and fluvio-eolian sands) from the site were determined using the multi-elevated-temperature post-IR IRSL (MET-pIRIR or pIRIR) procedure on potassium feldspar. The results show that the studied samples have two MET-pIRIR D_e preheat plateaus (280–320 and 340–360 °C), and the bleaching rates of the luminescence signals are associated with sample ages and stimulation temperatures. All the pIRIR ages (7–155 ka) corrected for anomalous fading and residual dose obtained after solar bleaching for 15 h are larger than the corresponding quartz OSL ages (4–66 ka) previously determined, even for the young eolian samples (<10 ka). But the corrected IRSL(50 °C) ages (6–85 ka) are broadly consistent with the quartz ages. It appears that the IRSL(50 °C) ages are more reliable, although this contradicts the previously results obtained by other people. On the other hand, we also obtained an extended age plateau between the stimulation temperatures of 50 and 290 °C in the plot of age versus stimulation temperature (A-T plot) by subtracting different residual doses obtained after different bleaching times. The reliability of the plateau ages requires further investigation. For the sediment samples from this site, quartz should be more suitable for dating than K-feldspar, and the quartz OSL ages of 50–65 ka for its cultural layer should be reliable.  相似文献   

Determination of microscopic parameters of quartz sand through tri-axial test using the discrete element method     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

A calibration procedure, in which coupled effects of microscopic parameters are considered, is proposed to determine the values of the microscopic parameters in the Discrete Element Method (DEM) for Fujian quartz sand. Laboratory tri-axial tests are conducted to be compared with the DEM simulations and the effects of end restraint in the laboratory tests are eliminated through a digital image measurement system. Sensitivities of the macroscopic behaviour of the specimen to the microscopic parameters are analyzed through DEM simulations. Four coupled effects of the microscopic parameters on the macroscopic behaviour are investigated through a graphic method and then considered in the calibration procedure.  相似文献   

Estimate of fine sediment deposit dynamics over a gravel bar using photography analysis     

B.CAMENEN  M.JODEAU  M.JABALLAH 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(2):220-233

Three different methods to analyse fine sediment deposits on a gravel bar using pictures are presented in this paper. A manual digitization and deposits zone delineation are performed as well as two different automated procedures. The three methods are applied on aerial pictures taken in 2006 by a drone from a height around 150 m above the study site. Two other sets of pictures taken in 2010 are also studied: the first set was obtained from the left side bank of the river at approximately 15m above the gravel bar whereas the second one was taken from a helicopter flying 600～m above the ground. These methods were used to estimate the surface of fine sediment deposits before and after flushing events. They yield similar results even if the first automated procedure is able to capture smaller patches of fine sediments. The total surface of fine sediment deposits seems to be similar before and after a flushing event, but the distribution appears quite different. Before a flushing event, a significant amount of fine sediment deposits are mixed with coarser sediments. After the flushing event, one can observe more large fine sediment deposits located on the downstream part of the secondary channel and at the channel margin. Most of the small fine sediment deposit patches were washed out. A short discussion is provided on the possible dynamics of fine sediment deposits over the gravel bar.  相似文献   

A probabilistic performance‐based approach for mitigating the seismic pounding risk between adjacent buildings     

M. Barbato  E. Tubaldi 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(8):1203-1219

Existing design procedures for determining the separation distance between adjacent buildings subjected to seismic pounding risk are based on approximations of the buildings' peak relative displacement. These procedures are characterized by unknown safety levels and thus are not suitable for use within a performance‐based earthquake engineering framework. This paper introduces an innovative reliability‐based methodology for the design of the separation distance between adjacent buildings. The proposed methodology, which is naturally integrated into modern performance‐based design procedures, provides the value of the separation distance corresponding to a target probability of pounding during the design life of the buildings. It recasts the inverse reliability problem of the determination of the design separation distance as a zero‐finding problem and involves the use of analytical techniques in order to evaluate the statistics of the dynamic response of the buildings. Both uncertainty in the seismic intensity and record‐to‐record variability are taken into account. The proposed methodology is applied to several different buildings modeled as linear elastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) and multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) systems, as well as SDOF nonlinear hysteretic systems. The design separation distances obtained are compared with the corresponding estimates that are based on several response combination rules suggested in the seismic design codes and in the literature. In contrast to current seismic code design procedures, the newly proposed methodology provides consistent safety levels for different building properties and different seismic hazard conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Modeling discrete gas bubble formation and mobilization during subsurface heating of contaminated zones     

Magdalena M. Krol 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(4):537-549

During thermal remediation the increase in subsurface temperature can lead to bubble formation and mobilization. In order to investigate the effect of gas formation on resulting aqueous concentrations, a 2D finite difference flow and mass transport model was developed which incorporates a macroscopic invasion percolation (MIP) model to simulate bubble expansion and movement. The model was used to simulate three soil scenarios with different permeabilities and entry pressures at various operating temperatures and groundwater velocities. It was observed that discrete bubble formation occurred in all three soils, upward mobility being limited by lower temperatures and higher entry pressures. Bubble mobilization resulted in a different aqueous mass distribution than if no discrete gas formation was modeled, especially at higher temperatures. This was a result of bubbles moving upwards to cooler areas, then collapsing, and contaminating previously clean zones. The cooling effect also led to possible non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) formation which was not predicted using a model without discrete bubble formation.  相似文献   

The application of cutting plus waterlogging to control Spartina alterniflora on saltmarshes in the Yangtze Estuary,China     

Lin Yuan  Liquan Zhang  Derong Xiao  Huamei Huang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Control and eradication of the exotic and invasive plant Spartina alterniflora within the Chongming Dongtan nature reserve, Shanghai, China, is vital for the management and conservation of the saltmarshes. A demonstration project was established using waterlogging and cutting to control this invasive species. Results from 2007 to 2008 showed that, although the managed waterlogging significantly reduced biomass and seed production of S. alterniflora at an early stage, the species subsequently showed rapid adaptation to the long-term waterlogging stress. Thus, managed waterlogging alone was insufficient for the effective eradication of S. alterniflora. However, managed waterlogging for around 3 months, combined with cutting the above-ground part of S. alterniflora at a key stage (flowering period in July), controlled and eradicated the plant successfully. Both the above-ground and below-ground parts of S. alterniflora were killed and the plants began to decompose after 3 months. Furthermore, there was no re-growth of the emergent part of S. alterniflora in the following years. However, once the impounded water was released restoring the natural hydrodynamic regime of the saltmarshes, the seeds and seedlings of S. alterniflora reinvaded the controlled site from the neighboring areas and the S. alterniflora community was re-established. Thus, after eradication of S. alterniflora, control measures should be maintained to prevent the re-establishment of S. alterniflora. The results of this demonstration project indicate a potentially useful and effective approach for the control and management of large-scale invasion by S. alterniflora on saltmarshes in the Yangtze Estuary, China.  相似文献   

存储过程在天气预警短信监控系统中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

潘静  卢娟  张凯 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(1):48-51

为保障天气预警短信接收覆盖面,对预警短信用户短信状态报告的接收情况进行监控,应用存储过程方法设计了状态报告查询模块,实现了预警短信监控系统中短信状态报告的查询、解析功能。利用存储过程设计的查询模块可有效地降低网络负载,平均查询速度提高30%,并能够调取不同的数据结果为后续预警短信操作提供依据。  相似文献   

Design of controlled elastic and inelastic structures     

A.M.Reinhorn  O.Lavan  G.P.Cimellaro 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2009,8(4):469-479

One of the founders of structural control theory and its application in civil engineering,Professor Emeritus Tsu T.Soong,envisioned the development of the integral design of structures protected by active control devices.Most of his disciples and colleagues continuously attempted to develop procedures to achieve such integral control.In his recent papers published jointly with some of the authors of this paper,Professor Soong developed design procedures for the entire structure using a design-redesign proce...  相似文献   

偏压连拱隧道优化施工的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张志强  何川 《岩土力学》2007,28(4):723-727

针对多数连拱隧道修建中存在浅埋地形偏压结构受力状况,结合金丽温高速公路二期工程20多座隧道实际情况,选取有一定代表性浅埋地形偏压覆土厚度,对不同坡度1：1～1：1.5情况下（Ⅱ类取7种、Ⅲ类取3种）偏压连拱隧道结构受力及围岩屈服破坏等进行了施工步骤优化研究。结果表明,一般情况下,连拱隧道施工存在两种偏压效应：一种是因地形偏压引起,称之为“地形偏压”;而另一种则因连拱隧道的分部施工所引起,称之为“施工偏压”。这两种偏压有明确作用方向,产生结果也不相同。对连拱隧道左右洞,按“先外后里”工序施工,能够利用“施工偏压”来部分程度地“抵消”因地形偏压产生的结构偏压受力的不利情况。因此,采用“先外后里”工序施工,实为浅埋偏压情况下连拱隧道最优施工工序。  相似文献