Coupling urbanization analyses for studying urban thermal environment and its interplay with biophysical parameters based on TM/ETM+ imagery     

Ya Ma  Yaoqiu Kuang  Ningsheng Huang 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2010

Studies of urbanization and urban thermal environment are now attracting wide interests among scientists all over the world. This study investigated the influences of urbanization on urban thermal environment as well as the relationships of thermal characteristics to other biophysical variables in Guangzhou, China utilizing three dates of Landsat TM/ETM+ images acquired in 1990, 2000, and 2005, respectively. Vegetation abundances and percent impervious surfaces were derived by means of linear spectral mixture model, and a method for effectively enhancing impervious surface has been developed to accurately examine the urban enlargement. As a key parameter for studying urban thermal characteristics, the land surface temperature (LST) was also retrieved from thermal infrared band of each TM/ETM+ dataset. Based on these parameters, the urban expansion, urban heat island effect and the relationships of LSTs to other biophysical parameters were then analyzed. Results indicated that the area ratio of impervious surface in Guangzhou increased significantly, which grew from 20.56% in 1990, to 34.72% in 2000, and further to 41.12% in 2005, however, the intensity of urban heat island was not always enlarged in observed years. In addition, Geostatistical analyses showed that the mean-centre of the impervious surface was moving towards the northwest during 1990–2005. And correlation analyses revealed that, at the pixel-scale, the association of LSTs to other two variables (vegetation abundance and percent impervious surface) was not straightforward, while LSTs possessed a strong positive correlation with percent impervious surfaces and negative correlation with vegetation abundances at the regional-scale, respectively. This study provided an integrated research scheme and the findings can be very useful for urban ecosystem modeling.  相似文献   

Shoreline erosion: a cautionary note in using small farm dams to determine catchment erosion rates     

Sara D. Lloyd  Paul Bishop  Ivars Reinfelds 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1998,23(10):905-912

Data from 10 small farm dams in SE Australia show that shoreline erosion due to farm livestock access to the dams can account for a significant proportion (up to 85%) of sediment contained in the dam. The volumes of sediment resulting from such shoreline erosion may be of the same order as the volumes produced by gully erosion in the dams' catchments, prompting caution in using farm dams to which livestock have access to determine small catchment erosion rates. Other issues, related to the trap efficiency, also mean that erosion estimates based on farm dam sedimentation should be treated with caution. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Accommodation and sediment-supply controls on clastic parasequences: A meta-analysis     

Luca Colombera  Nigel P. Mountney 《Sedimentology》2020,67(4):1667-1709

This study combines data from many published case studies to undertake a quantitative characterization of clastic parasequences, with the aim to determine how accommodation, sediment supply and autogenic sediment-storage dynamics are recorded in their sedimentary architecture and stacking patterns. Results of this study are used to critically evaluate the validity of paradigms and models that are routinely used to explain and predict trends in the anatomy and arrangement of parasequences. Data on 957 parasequences from 62 case studies of clastic, shallow-water successions were coded in a relational database, which includes outcrop and subsurface datasets of ancient and Quaternary examples. These units cover the preserved records of both river-dominated deltas and wave-dominated coasts, representing shoreline transits over a breadth of timescales, likely of both local and regional extent. The role of extant accommodation, rates of creation of accommodation and rates of sediment supply in determining parasequence architecture is assessed through analysis of relationships between: (i) proxies of these variables at different scales (rates of aggradation and progradation, facies-belt shoreline trajectories, systems-tract type, parasequence-set stacking patterns, parasequence progradation angle and stratigraphic rise, size of feeder rivers); and (ii) parameters that describe the geometry and stacking style of parasequences, and associated shallow-water sand bodies. Statistical analyses of database outputs indicate which proxies of accommodation, sediment supply and accommodation/sediment-supply ratio are significant as predictors of parasequence architecture, and allow for interpretations of the importance of allogenic and autogenic factors. The principal results of this study reveal the following: (i) parasequence thickness varies as a function of water depth, accommodation generation and erosional truncation, and these variations are also reflected across types of systems tracts and parasequence sets; (ii) the dip length of parasequence sand bodies demonstrates scaling with measures of accommodation/sediment-supply ratio at multiple scales, partly in relation to the possible effect of sediment supply on progradation rates; (iii) in systems tracts, stratigraphic trends in parasequence stacking due to autogenic mechanisms or to acceleration or deceleration in relative sea-level fluctuations are not revealed quantitatively; (iv) some association is seen between the abundance of deltaic or river-dominated parasequences and progradational stacking; (v) positive but modest correlation is observed between measures of river-system size and the dip length of shallow-marine parasequence sand bodies. The resulting insights can be applied to guide sequence stratigraphic interpretations of the rock record and the characterization of sub-seismic stratigraphic architectures of subsurface successions.  相似文献   

Neogene marine sediments and biota encapsulated between lava flows on Santa Maria Island (Azores,north-east Atlantic): An interplay between sedimentary,erosional and volcanic processes     

Alfred Uchman  Markes E. Johnson  Ricardo S. Ramalho  Rui Quartau  Björn Berning  Ana Hipólito  Carlos S. Melo  ANA C. Rebelo  Ricardo Cordeiro  Sérgio P. Ávila 《Sedimentology》2020,67(7):3595-3618

Sedimentary rocks are rarely preserved on reefless volcanic oceanic islands because their sediments are mostly exported from coastal areas towards the deep sea and such islands typically undergo subsidence. In contrast, the exceptional geological record of the uplifted Santa Maria Island (Azores) provides a unique opportunity to gain insight on such coastal systems. This study focuses on a locality at Ponta do Cedro (eastern Santa Maria Island), which features a series of marine fossiliferous sediments wedged between steep lava deltas. As demonstrated by local structure, these sediments correspond to clinoforms deposited on the steep submarine slope of an active volcanic island, implying transport from shallow waters to greater depths and subsequent colonization by benthic communities. Rapid volcanic progradation eventually sealed the deposits, allowing for their preservation and providing a rare snapshot of the ecology during those intervals, in addition to insights on sedimentary dynamics along submarine island slopes. This study reveals spatial relationships between wedges of sedimentary bodies encapsulated by lavas in the Ponta do Cedro section, and interprets depositional processes preserved in those strata based on sedimentological and palaeontological data. The dynamics of the environment are mostly related to relative sea-level changes, intense volcanic activity and regional uplift during the Neogene.  相似文献   

Origin of the Gangdise (Transhimalaya) Permian arc in southern Tibet: Stratigraphic and volcanic geochemical constraints   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Quan-Ru  Geng  Zhi-Ming  Sun  Gui-Tang  Pan  Di-Cheng  Zhu  Li-Quan  Wang 《Island Arc》2009,18(3):467-487

The well‐studied Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Gangdise Terrane, southern Tibet, are widely interpreted to have resulted from subduction of the Neotethys; however, Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks and their tectonic setting remain poorly studied. Based on new geological data, we carried out stratigraphical and geochemical analyses of Permian volcano‐stratigraphic sequences within an east–west‐trending, fault‐bounded zone of uplift in the central Gangdise Terrane. Sedimentary rocks in this area consist of platform carbonates and terrigenous clastic rocks that represent widespread shallow‐marine sedimentary basins developed around northern Gondwana. A regression or tectonic uplift event is recorded in Permian sedimentary rocks that show the local development of fluvial environments. The sedimentary succession contains evidence of two volcanic stages: a period of basaltic extrusions and younger explosive felsic magmatism. The first volcanic stage is Early and Middle Permian in age. Tholeiitic basaltic lavas are exposed around Maizhokunggar (Tangjia) and Lhunzhub in central Gangdise. The Lower Permian basalts are relatively enriched in MgO (4.58–12.19%), whereas the Middle Permian basalts are characterized by high Al₂O₃ contents (11.75–21.22%). Rocks of both ages are enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE), and show pronounced negative Nb and Ta anomalies. Total REE contents and light (LREE)/heavy (HREE) ratios increased from the Early to Middle Permian. Observed variations in initial Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i = 0.7013–0.7066, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i = 15.53–15.63, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i = 38.04–38.64 for a given ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i; εNd = +0.69 to ?11.55) can be explained by crustal interaction with mantle sources, as is characteristic of metasomatism by slab‐derived fluids or assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) processes during magmatic evolution. The observed geochemical signatures, coupled with stratigraphic constraints, support the hypothesis that an initial arc formed during the Permian due to southward subduction of the Paleotethys, predating the well‐known Mesozoic arc preserved in the Gangdise Terrane.  相似文献   

Suspended sediment transport in a small Mediterranean agricultural catchment     

Joan Estrany  Celso Garcia  Ramon J. Batalla 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(7):929-940

The aim of this study is to analyze suspended sediment transport in a Mediterranean agricultural catchment under traditional soil and water conservation practices. Field measurements were conducted in Can Revull, a small ephemeral catchment (1.03 km²) on the island of Mallorca. This study uses continuous turbidity records to analyse suspended sediment transport regimes, construct and interpret multiple regression models of total suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and of SSC related to stormflow discharge, and assess the sediment loads and yields of three hydrological years (2004–2005 to 2006–2007). An annual average SSC of 17.3 mg l^?1, with a maximum of 2270 mg l^?1, was recorded in the middle of the winter period when rainfall intensities are high and headwater slopes are ploughed and thus bare. Strong seasonal contrasts of baseflow dynamics associated with different degrees of dilution provide a large scatter in SSC and in the derived rating curves, reflecting that other factors control the supply of suspended sediment. Multiple regression models identify rainfall intensity as the most significant variable in sediment supply. However, under baseflow conditions, physical and biological processes generate sediment in the channel that is subsequently removed during high flow. In contrast, when baseflow is not present, rainfall intensity is the only process that supplies sediment to the channel, mostly from hillslopes. Considering the study period as average in terms of total annual rainfall and intensities, suspended sediment yields were an order of magnitude lower than those obtained in other Mediterranean catchments, a factor that can be related to the historical use of soil conservation practices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

福建湄洲岛对台客运码头淤积分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高智勇  蔡锋和转 《海洋工程》2004,22(3):102-106

以岸滩固定剖面观测、沉积物搬运趋势模型、沙粒捕沙器现场观测为基础,分析造成湄洲岛台客运码头淤积的主要原因。分析结果表明,由于风、浪、流共同作用,码头建成后,在其前缘形成一个淤积区,致使码头的使用受到影响。  相似文献   

基于多年卫星遥感的江苏省夏季城市热岛特征分析     

孙良宵  杭鑫  高苹  谢小萍  朱士华  李亚春 《气象科学》2023,43(5):662-669

利用2003—2020年的MODIS土地覆盖类型和地表温度等数据,从地表温度、气温和城市化的角度分析了江苏省夏季城市热岛强度和面积的时空分布和变化趋势。结果表明：近20 a快速的城市化导致了江苏省夏季热岛强度(0.07℃·a^-1)和热岛面积(529 km²·a^-1)整体均呈增加趋势;其中热岛强度前期受城区升温影响,呈明显增强(0.18℃·a^-1),后期受郊区升温影响,呈明显减弱(-0.14℃·a^-1);热岛面积变化主要由弱热岛面积(297 km²·a^-1)和较强热岛面积(192 km²·a^-1)的增长趋势主导,强热岛面积呈前期增长(133 km²·a^-1)和后期减少(185 km²·a^-1)的变化趋势;高温对整个城区的热岛效应影响有限,但对城市核心区的热岛效应影响明显,对应的强热岛面积增加和热岛强度增强。  相似文献   

台湾海峡西侧海湾-岛屿系统影响下的流场年季变化——以南日水道为例          下载免费PDF全文

陈宇  林于渟  束芳芳  蔡鸿泰  李云海  池文琦  何佳  陈智杰  郑斌鑫 《应用海洋学学报》2024,43(1):033-044

台湾海峡地理位置独特,西侧海域海湾 岛屿系统普遍发育,显著影响了海域流场分布。同时,海峡西岸经济区的快速发展对区域海洋动力环境背景场及其变化的精细认识提出了更高的要求。福建莆田南日岛西侧南日水道是连通兴化湾与平海湾的主要水道,是区域海洋动力环境的“咽喉”所在,在区域海洋环境保护与科学开发利用中居于至关重要的位置。为了全面认识台湾海峡西侧海湾 岛屿系统影响下区域海洋动力环境背景场的年季变化,本研究利用布放在南日水道的座底观测系统获得的周年海流资料,结合同期气象风场资料,通过数据统计分析、调和分析、滤波处理和小波变化等手段,研究了南日水道内海流的季节变化规律和驱动余流的动力要素,初步探讨了热带气旋等对海洋动力演化过程的影响。研究结果表明,研究海域潮流为不正规半日浅海潮流,并具有明显的半月周期,涨潮流大于落潮流,涨潮流主方向为 WNW 向,落潮流主方向为 SE—ESE向。旋转谱结果表明,研究海域以半日潮为主,逆时针能量强于顺时针,惯性周期无明显的谱峰。潮流强度的季节变化特征为冬季最强,秋季、春季次之,夏季最弱。夏、秋季的余流流速较其他季节明显偏大,表层余流有明显的季节特征,底层余流全年为北向流。观测点余流主要由风引起,二者有很好的相关性,但频率统计结果显示二者方向不一致,表明余流在地形的作用下发生了转向,其中潮致余流对表层余流贡献较小。小波能量图表明,双台风（热带气旋）期间风和余流均存在1 d及6 d左右的周期信号,二者密切相关。本研究成果对于区域海洋环保以及海域科学开发与应用具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

城市热岛的遥感研究进展   总被引：33，自引：3，他引：33  

胡华浪  陈云浩  宫阿都 《国土资源遥感》2005,16(3):5-9

系统总结了应用遥感技术开展城市热岛研究的数据、方法与成果。对国内外学者有关城市热岛的形态结构、过程变化及成因分析等方面的研究内容进行了较为详细的评述，在此基础上，对未来城市热岛遥感研究的方向进行了展望。  相似文献