夏季西太平洋副热带高压北跳及异常的研究   总被引：37，自引：4，他引：33  

张庆云  陶诗言 《气象学报》1999,57(5):539-548

根据欧洲中心1980～1989年逐日200,500和850hPa风场、高度场及日本气象厅提供的GMS观测的黑体辐射温度（TBB）逐日资料,探讨了夏季西太平洋地区（125～145°E）副热带高压脊线季节性北跳、季内脊线位置的异常与低纬度的西风爆发和热带对流的关系。研究表明：初夏西太平洋地区低层赤道西风爆发后,西太平洋地区的赤道对流加强（赤道地区的TBB值减小）;赤道西风向北扩展,赤道强对流向北推移,热带对流加强（热带地区TBB值减小）。夏季西太平洋副热带高压脊线的二次北跳现象与低层赤道西风二次北跳及赤道对流向北推移密切相关。研究指出：夏季热带对流弱（强）,西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置相对偏南（北）,夏季西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置的异常与高、低层流场辐合、福散中心的位置及高层西风传播方向有关。  相似文献   

黄河三角洲近四十年的气候变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

盖世民  徐启春 《海洋湖沼通报》1998,(2):1-5

采用了惠民、滨洲和垦利三站平均的１９５７－１９９６年冬季平均气温（＾－Ｔ）,春季平均风速（＾－Ｖ）和夏季降水量（＾－Ｒ）,表征黄河三角洲的气候变化状态。分析结果显示,近４０年来,该地区的气候变化具有以下特征：（１）长期变化趋势变,科季＾－Ｔ呈明显的增高;春季＾－Ｖ则呈明显的减少;夏季＾－Ｒ变化趋势不显著。（２）冬季＾－Ｔ、夏季＾－Ｖ、夏季＾－Ｒ变化存在着转折和跃变。跨变年份是１９８６年（＾－Ｔ）和  相似文献   

北半球月平均环流异常年际演变的准周期特征及跃变现象   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

靳立亚  王玉玺等 《高原气象》1992,11(1):49-55

本文利用一种时空综合的经验正交函数（EOF）方法,分析了北半球100,500和700hPa3层1和7月的平均高度距平场,得到了反映北半球月平均环流异常三维空间结构的特征向量场及其对应的时间系数。利用功率谱和最大熵谱分析,并引入“气候跃变”的概念研究了时间系数年际演变的特征。结果表明：北半球月平均环流异常年际演变的过程具有准周期特征及不连续的跃变现象。  相似文献   

Experimental and numerical investigation for energy dissipation of supercritical flow in sudden contractions          下载免费PDF全文

Rasoul Daneshfaraz  Ehsan Aminvash  Reza Esmaeli  Sina Sadeghfam  John Abraham 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(4):396-406

Dealing with kinetic energy is one of the most important problems in hydraulic structures, and this energy can damage downstream structures. This study aims to study energy dissipation of supercritical water flow passing through a sudden contraction. The experiments were conducted on a sudden contraction with 15 cm width. A 30 cm wide flume was installed. The relative contraction ranged from 8.9 to 9.7, where relative contraction refers to the ratio of contraction width to initial flow depth. The Froude value in the investigation varied from 2 to 7. The contraction width of numerical simulation was 5~15 cm, the relative contraction was 8.9~12.42, and the Froude value ranged from 8.9~12.42. In order to simulate turbulence, the k-ε RNG model was harnessed. The experimental and numerical results demonstrate that the energy dissipation increases with the increase of Froude value. Also, with the sudden contraction, the rate of relative depreciation of energy is increased due to the increase in backwater profile and downstream flow depth. The experimentation verifies the numerical results with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and the root mean square error is 0.02.  相似文献   

On the application of a Boussinesq model to river flows including shocks     

Emmanuel Mignot  Rodrigo Cienfuegos 《Coastal Engineering》2009

SERR-1D is a 4th-order finite volume 1D Boussinesq model including wave breaking energy dissipation through extra diffusive-like terms. This model has been primarily conceived to compute wave propagation in coastal areas and has been validated for breaking and non-breaking waves propagating over uneven bathymetries (Cienfuegos et al., 2005, 2006a, b, 2007). The present paper aims at investigating the ability of SERR-1D to simulate challenging fluvial hydraulic applications such as sudden gate operation in open channels generating short waves, dam-break flows and a steady hydraulic jump over a bump. The performance of the absorbing-generating boundary condition implemented in SERR-1D is first analysed in the context of fluvial applications where relatively short waves must be evacuated from the computational domain without producing spurious reflection. Next, by comparing numerical results to analytical and experimental dam-break test cases we show that the model is able to reproduce the overall features of these flows, but that additional care should be paid to the representation of energy dissipation and front speed in order to accurately represent bore dynamics.  相似文献   

新疆百里风区强风中尺度特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

汤浩  周雅蔓  杨杰尧 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2022,16(4):1-8

大尺度环流背景和天山山脉大地形共同作用形成新疆百里风区，其风力之大居全疆九大风区之首。为进一步研究百里风区强风中尺度特征及其与局地地形的关系，选取2018年5月6—8日百里风区强风天气过程，使用WRF模式进行中尺度模拟分析，形成以下结论：天山两侧气压梯度力驱动下冷空气翻越天山，经色皮山口狭管效应和过山波水跃下沉接力加速，在背风坡上空形成强风区，强风区接地形成百里风区地面大风；大风过程中，七角井盆地地形强迫引发有限振幅重力波，背风坡上空大风区之上的临界层吸收上层能量并向下传递，增大了大风区的风速，使得低空大风区的接地更加充分。低空大气稳定层结的强度与大风强度相对应。  相似文献