生烃动力学、同位素动力学方法在烃源岩研究中的应用     

刘大永彭平安  林会喜林玉祥 刘华 《地质通报》2006,25(9):1201-1204

生烃动力学、同位素动力学常用于烃源岩评价、油气源对比研究中.生烃动力学参数结合盆地热史,可恢复烃源岩在任一时代的生烃史,对构造复杂盆地的二次生烃研究具有独特的优势.利用生烃动力学方法可以实现有机质总量的恢复,在此基础上对高-过成熟样品原始有机质丰度是否有必要恢复进行了讨论;而基于生烃动力学的油气源对比综合考虑热史、成藏期次、成藏过程等各种地质参数对烃源岩生烃的影响,是一种动态的研究方法.  相似文献   

Shrinking Sphere Kinetics for Batch Dissolution of Mixed Particles of a Single Substance at High Under-Saturation: Validation with Sodium Chloride, but with Biogenic Silica in Mind     

Victor W. Truesdale 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2008,14(4):359-379

The cubic equation recently derived for the increase in concentration of a solute with time, as the solid dissolves in batch according to the shrinking sphere model at high under-saturation, is extended to dissolutions of mixtures of differently sized particles. This problem needs to be solved if batch dissolutions are to play their part in the proposed amelioration of global warming and associated climate change by accelerated ‘re-burial’ of excess CO₂ in ocean sediment. The upgraded model was tested using sodium chloride dissolved in 50% aqueous propanone, whence the model fitted two separate runs with 500 and 212 μm, and 212 and 38 μm, diameter crystals, respectively. The key to simulating dissolution in this way lies in the dissolutions being independent of each other. It is further shown that although this condition was implicit in the recent derivation of the cubic equation, it was not recognised at the time. The work should be applicable to any batch dissolution of mixed particles at high under-saturation, and hence, may find use in many industrial and laboratory dissolutions. Simulations show how agglomerated mixtures can yield a straight line on the plot of ln(1 − C/C _T) versus time, as was reported to occur recently with sodium chloride taken ‘straight from the bottle’. It is shown that this probably explains why exponential dissolutions may have seemed appropriate to the dissolution of biogenic silica in earlier literature. This study suggests that a new round of biogenic silica dissolutions, but with sieved samples, would be worthwhile, with the likelihood that shrinking sphere behaviour might well be found to characterise the kinetics. The opportunity is taken to investigate a number of aspects of the shrinking sphere model not generally discussed before, e.g. the graph for the change in surface area with time. The limitations of using cubic salt crystals with the shrinking sphere model are discussed.  相似文献   

苯并[a]芘在脊尾白虾（Exopalaemon carinicauda）体内富集的动力学研究     

李磊  蒋玫  沈新强  吴庆元  牛俊翔  许高鹏 《台湾海峡》2014,(4):481-485

通过室内实验模拟了脊尾白虾（Exopalaemon carinicauda）对苯并[a]芘（benzo[a]pyrene,Ba P）的生物富集,通过非线性曲线拟合获得脊尾白虾对Ba P的富集动力学参数（吸收速率常数k1、释放速率常数k2、生物富集因子BCF、平衡状态下脊尾白虾体内Ba P含量CAmax、生物学半衰期B1/2）.各动力学参数分别为：k1范围为12.34～24.96,平均值为18.80,k2范围为0.06～0.10,平均值为0.08,BCF范围为208.41～248.03,平均值为228.02、CAmax范围为12.40～93.79 ng/g,平均值为46.78 ng/g,B1/2范围为6.89～11.71 d,平均为8.95 d.脊尾白虾对Ba P的吸收速率常数k1、释放速率常数k2、BCF均随外部水体中Ba P浓度的增大而减少,CAmax、B1/2随外部水体中Ba P浓度的增大而增大.  相似文献   

琼东南盆地深水区烃源岩生烃动力学及生气模式     

黄保家  黄灏  王振峰  黄义文  孙志鹏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(4):11-18

In order to investigate the hydrocarbon generation process and gas potentials of source rocks in deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan Basin, kinetic parameters of gas generation(activation energy distribution and frequency factor) of the Yacheng Formation source rocks(coal and neritic mudstones) was determined by thermal simulation experiments in the closed system and the specific KINETICS Software. The results show that the activation energy(Ea) distribution of C1–C5 generation ranges from 50 to 74 kcal/mol with a frequency factor of 2.4×1015 s–1 for the neritic mudstone and the Ea distribution of C1–C5 generation ranges from 49 to 73 kcal/mol with a frequency factor of 8.92×1013 s–1 for the coal. On the basis of these kinetic parameters and combined with the data of sedimentary burial and paleothermal histories, the gas generation model of the Yacheng Formation source rocks closer to geological condition was worked out, indicating its main gas generation stage at Ro(vitrinite reflectance) of 1.25%–2.8%. Meanwhile, the gas generation process of the source rocks of different structural locations(central part, southern slope and south low uplift) in the Lingshui Sag was simulated. Among them, the gas generation of the Yacheng Formation source rocks in the central part and the southern slope of the sag entered the main gas window at 10 and 5 Ma respectively and the peak gas generation in the southern slope occurred at 3 Ma. The very late peak gas generation and the relatively large gas potential indices(GPI:20×108–60×108 m3/km2) would provide favorable conditions for the accumulation of large natural gas reserves in the deepwater area.  相似文献   

泥水平衡盾构顶推力非线性动力学分析与应用研究     

耿哲  李树忱  赵世森  张靖宇 《岩土力学》2018,39(Z1):469-476

泥水平衡盾构开挖过程中常遇到盾构顶推力难以确定且波动复杂的问题。针对该问题,对盾构推进过程中所受阻力进行系统的分析,确定了阻力的组成部分和计算方法,改进了盾壳与周围土体间摩擦力的计算公式。分析泥水平衡盾构推进系统的组成和工作原理,基于盾构推力的静力学模型建立了单自由度动力学模型,根据能量守恒原理建立了系统的平衡微分方程,推导出盾构推力的非线性动力学公式。基于上述公式,分析了盾构推力的变化趋势和波动规律,确定了液压油缸的最佳行程距离。通过与武汉地铁8号线越江隧道长江穿越段盾构顶进推力的实测数据对比分析,验证了提出公式能够正确计算管片衬砌所受的动态顶推载荷,对衬砌结构内力分析具有重要意义。  相似文献   

惠民凹陷上古生界烃源岩的生烃动力学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵青芳  耿安松  熊永强  张海祖  耿新华  刘金钟 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2007,26(2):191-196

以化学动力学方法定量评价烃源岩是近些年发展起来的一种新方法。本文采用金管-高压釜封闭体系研究了惠民凹陷上古生界烃源岩(碳质泥岩)生烃动力学,取得了热解产物C1和C2～C5烃类气体组分生成动力学参数,结合Kinetics生烃动力学专用软件计算,模拟了具体地质条件下的成烃规律。结果表明,生成CH4所需活化能较高,分布范围较宽;随着碳数的增加(C2～C5),所需活化能与甲烷相反。结合惠民凹陷埋藏史与受热史,烃源岩发生过二次生烃过程,模拟计算结果与实际地质背景相吻合,指出古地温演化模式对烃源岩的生烃行为有重要的影响。生烃动力学参数为计算含油气盆地烃源岩油气生成量提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)在罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus × O.aureus)体内代谢动力学和残留研究          下载免费PDF全文

李明揆  葛建  林芳  韩宝瑜 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(1):137-141

采用反相高效液相色谱.紫外检测法,测定了罗非鱼血浆、皮肤、肌肉、心肌和大脑中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)含量,并研究了DEP在罗非鱼体内代谢动力学和残留特征.将DEP以20mg/kg灌服罗非鱼后,取样测定不同时间点血浆和组织中的DEP浓度,并利用3p97药物动力学软件并结合Excel 2003软件对实验数据进行处理和分析...  相似文献