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41.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):449-453
White sharks Carcharodon carcharias aggregate at specific times of the year at localities along the South African coast. At Mossel Bay, on the southern Cape coast, four sites were sampled (Seal Island, Hartenbos, Kleinbrak and Grootbrak) to investigate spatial and seasonal patterns in relative abundance and life-history composition. These are known aggregation sites within the bay, each having particular physical and/or biological characteristics. Sightings-per-unit-effort data were collected from February to December 2008–2010. Sighting rates demonstrated significant seasonal and interannual variation at the four sites. The highest mean sighting rate was recorded at Seal Island and the lowest at Hartenbos, which might be a consequence of differences in prey availability. The greatest interannual variability was recorded at Kleinbrak, followed by Seal Island, with little variability at Grootbrak and Hartenbos. White sharks appeared to concentrate at Grootbrak and Kleinbrak in summer and autumn, at Seal Island in winter, and at Hartenbos and Seal Island in spring. All life-history stages were present year-round but their occurrence was influenced significantly by season (p < 0.05), although not site. Few adults (325–424 cm total length) were seen, with the highest frequency being in spring, whereas that of young-of-the-year (≤174 cm) was in autumn. Juveniles (175–324 cm) constituted 78% of the animals sighted, indicating that Mossel Bay is an important aggregation site for this life-history stage. 相似文献
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Juvenile migrants of Geotria australis were caught from July to early August 1986 in plankton nets set in the lower Waikato River. Migration occurred only at night and mainly mid‐river at the surface. The mean lengths and weights (± 95%c.i.) were 107.75 ± 3.98 mm and 0.94 ± 0.08 g respectively. 相似文献
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为了探讨盐度对幼鱼肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸组成的影响,作者将平均体质量为(7.16±0.07)g的大菱鲆(Scophthal musmaximus)幼鱼分别饲养在盐度(12、18、24、30(对照组)和36)水体中60 d。结果表明,不同盐度下,幼鱼肌肉中的氨基酸总量(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)总量、非必需氨基(NEAA)总量和呈味氨基酸(FAA)总量分别在69.25%±0.37%~74.85%±1.26%、31.70%±0.11%~33.74%±0.28%、31.29%±0.44%~34.60%±1.26%和24.20%±0.66%~26.98%±1.02%,从高到低依次为36组30组12组18组24组,36组均显著高于24组(P0.05)。支链氨基酸(BCAA)总量、EAA/TAA、EAA/NEAA、FAA/TAA分别在14.94%±0.34%~15.37%±0.18%、44.57%±1.20%~45.78%±0.26%、80.40%±3.93%~84.42%±0.89%和34.95%±0.70%~36.41%±1.33%,各盐度组间均无显著性差异(P0.05)。必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)在40.41±1.23~44.46±0.54,30和36组显著大于其他组(P0.05)。脂肪酸(TFA)总量和非必需脂肪酸(NEFA)总量分别在88.65%±0.68%~89.66%±0.32%和85.11%±0.78%~86.38%±0.37%,12和30组均显著高于18组(P0.05)。多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAS)总量和EPA+DHA总量分别在34.95%±1.01%~36.88%±0.64%和23.53%±1.30%~25.74%±0.25%,从高到低依次为36组30组24组12组18组,各盐度组间均无显著性差异(P0.05)。必需脂肪酸(EFA)总量在3.28%±0.04%~3.58%±0.10%,各盐度组间均无显著性差异(P0.05)。饱和脂肪酸(SFA)总量在27.51%±0.37%~29.83%±0.35%,12组显著高于36组(P0.05)。与对照组相比,36组大菱鲆幼鱼肌肉中的氨基酸和脂肪酸组成有所改善,其蛋白质和脂肪质量得到提高。研究成果可为大菱鲆渗透压调节的能量代谢机制及肌肉营养品质的环境调节机理积累基础资料。 相似文献
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Loach （Misgurnus anguillicaudatus） is a commercially important fish in China and an ideal aquaculture species. However, culturists experience high larval and juvenile mortality during mass production. To provide insight into ways to improve larviculture techniques, we describe the morphological characteristics and behavior of loach during the larval and early juvenile stages. Yolksae larvae ranged from 2.8 to 4.0 mm body length （BL） between days 0 to 4; preflexion larvae ranged from 3.6 to 5.5 mm BL between days 4 to 6; flexion larvae ranged from 4.8 to 8.1 mm BL between days 5 and 14; and post-flexion larvae ranged from 7. l to 15.7 mm BL between days 11 to 27; the minimum length and age of juveniles was 14.1 mm BL and 23 d, respectively. Loach are demersal from hatch through to the early juvenile stages. A suite of morphological characteristics （e.g., external gill filament and ventral mouth opening） and behavioral traits have developed to adapt to demersal living. We observed positive allometric growth in eye diameter, head length, head height, and pectoral fin length during the early larval stages, reflecting the priorities in the development of the organs essential for survival. Our results provide a basis for developing techniques to improve the survival of larval and juvenile loach during mass production. 相似文献
45.
分别用含1.6×109～2.0×109 个/kg的产蛋白酶益生菌Y2 -2,Y1 -13,Y2 -2和Y1 -13的混合菌剂及枯草芽孢杆菌饲料投喂4月龄的牙鲆幼鱼30d ,检测的结果 :(1)体质量增长实验中,Y2 -2组体质量增长最大 ,为19.16g±0.38g(P<0.05) ,体质量增长率最高为153.16 % ;Y1 -13组与对照组差异不显著;(2)在盲囊和小肠后段 ,Y2 -2组蛋白酶活性分别为81.52U±3.10U(P<0.05)和63.20U±5.99U(P<0.05) ,酶活性增加率分别为10.8 %和21.1 %;在小肠前段和后段 ,Y2 -2组脂肪酶活性分别为255.06U±18.84U(P<0.05)和243.30U±15.00U(P<0.05) ,酶活性增加率为27.8 %和28.2 %;在小肠前段 ,枯草芽孢杆菌组淀粉酶活性为23.49U±0.96U(P<0.05) ,酶活性增加率为12.8 %;(3)Y2 -2组的肠道产蛋白酶菌数最高为6.87±0.37(P<0.05) ,增加52.5倍 ;Y1 -13组的乳酸菌数最高为3.74±0.36(P<0.05) ,增加7.6倍 ,其次为混合菌剂组 ;Y1 -13组有抑制弧菌作用 ,弧菌量降为3.91±0.37(P<0.05),抑制率为89 % ;实验组的肠道好养性异养菌数均与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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为了深入研究鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus) (♀)×蓝身大斑石斑鱼(E. tukula) (♂)杂交F1代的变态发育及生长特征,本研究对杂交组和纯种鞍带石斑鱼胚胎发育时间、受精率、畸形率、孵化率和仔稚幼鱼生长性状(全长、体长、体高、肛前距）,以及杂交组卵黄囊和油球吸收过程,第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘生长和收缩,口径和眼裂的变化等进行了详细的观察描述和统计分析。结果显示,在水温28℃条件下,杂交组和鞍带石斑鱼受精卵分别经21 h 24 min和21 h 32 min完成胚胎发育;杂交F1代受精率、畸形率和孵化率分别是89.09%±0.08%、35.16%±5.05%和62.59%±10.70%,与纯种鞍带石斑鱼无显著性差异。根据卵黄囊、第二背鳍棘、腹鳍棘、鳞片、体色等形态变化,将其胚后变态发育分为前期仔鱼(孵化后0～6 d)、后期仔鱼(孵化后7～34 d)、稚鱼期(孵化后35～46 d)和幼鱼期(孵化后47～86 d),前期仔鱼生长较缓慢,后期仔鱼到幼鱼期生长逐渐加快,86 d时杂交组和对照组体长分别达(60.80±0.50) mm和(51.80±0.47) mm,杂交组生长速度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。在胚胎发育时期卵黄囊消耗量为29.45%,油球消耗量为20.75%,卵黄囊在孵化后1 d消耗最快,达58.70%。油球在孵化后3 d消耗最快,达32.08%,孵化后第5 d仔鱼卵黄囊和油球基本吸收完毕。第二背鳍棘、腹鳍棘在孵化后29 d达到最长,分别是(8.15±0.02) mm和(5.80±0.10) mm,至47 d完全退化,变态发育完成。第一天仔鱼眼径为(0.16±0.01) mm,至86 d眼径增大22倍,第四天口裂长为（0.09±0.02） mm,至86 d增大99倍。结果表明,鞍带石斑鱼(♀)×蓝身大斑石斑鱼(♂)杂交F1代胚胎和仔稚幼鱼发育正常,而且杂交F1代与母本相比具有较显著的生长优势,本研究为两种石斑鱼杂交苗种培育、发育研究和品种改良提供了丰富的数据。 相似文献
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研究了盐度(6、13、20、27和33)对拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)幼蟹生长发育和Na+/K+-ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明,盐度对拟穴青蟹幼蟹甲宽和体质量特定生长率、C3蜕壳间期、甲宽增量(C1至C2和C2至C3)及Na+/K+-ATP酶活性有显著影响(P<0.05),但对幼蟹存活率、C2蜕壳间期及C3至C4甲宽增量无显著影响(P>0.05)。盐度13处理组特定生长率最高、蜕壳间期最短,盐度6处理组特定生长率最低,但与盐度20、27和33处理组无显著差异(P>0.05),而盐度33处理组蜕壳间期最长;第一次蜕壳后盐度20处理组甲宽增量最大,后两次蜕壳盐度13处理组均是最大;盐度处理0.5、4、7和11 d时,Na+/K+-ATP酶活性分别表现为盐度6>13>20>27>33、6>13>27>20>33、6>13>20>27>33和6>13>33>20>27的趋势,低盐环境下Na+/K+-ATP酶活性的升高有助于拟穴青蟹幼蟹对低渗环境的适应。 相似文献
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为确定三倍体葡萄牙牡蛎(Crassostrea angulata)稚贝最适环境条件,研究了温度、盐度对其生长和存活的影响。结果表明:三倍体葡萄牙牡蛎稚贝适宜生存温度为11.05～33.81℃,最适宜生存温度为22.00～28.00℃;适宜生长温度为12.00～33.35℃,最适宜生长温度为26.00～28.00℃;温度胁迫条件下,该贝在48 h和96 h的半致死温度在低温端分别为(4.71±0.04)℃和(7.83±0.45)℃;高温端分别为(37.08±0.02)℃和(36.31±0.11)℃;存活率在高温端下降更迅速,表明稚贝对高温更敏感。在盐度耐受性方面:三倍体葡萄牙牡蛎稚贝适宜生存盐度为15.06～44.13,最适宜生存盐度为23.4～33.8;适宜生长盐度为11.76～45.39,最适生长盐度为23.40～26.00;该贝在48h和96h半致死盐度,低盐端分别为(4.68±0.97)和(9.35±0.35),高盐分别为(55.96±0.76)和(53.46±0.67)。综上,当水温为26.00～28.00℃,盐度为23.40～26.00时,更有利于三倍体葡萄牙牡蛎稚贝的存活和... 相似文献