云南省新平县地质灾害与线性构造的相关性研究     

赵银兵  何政伟  倪忠云  陈红旗  张东辉 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2009,20(1):70-73

新平县因其特殊的地理和地质环境,地质灾害高发。采用ETM753与全色波段融合的空间分辨率为15m的遥感图像作为解译的底图,提取四级线性构造信息,应用地理信息系统构建标准格网对线性构造的频率和密度进行分析,配以方位频率、方位密度和平均方位密度统计,采用盒计维数法获取线性构造分维特征,将地质灾害与线性构造分析统计结果作叠加分析,研究表明：区内的线性构造主要分布在中部和东部频率值为3条,4km^2～8条/4km^2和密度值为3～4km／4km^2的区域,NE-SW和NNW-SSE向的线性构造主要控制不稳定斜坡和滑坡发育,NW-SE向线性构造主要控制泥石流发育,全县的线性构造分维值在中国西南地区偏高为1．760。验证了线性构造与地质灾害的正相关性。  相似文献   

新型压力均布型锚索锚固机理的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐国兴  雷文杰  查吕应  白彦光 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2009,20(2):111-115

通过改变压力型锚索锚固段承载体结构形式和锚固段围岩强度,研究新型压力均布型锚索锚固段承载体和砂浆之间作用力传递机理,获得承载体压力分布及其大小,阐述注浆体抗剪性能的变化,从而可以确定压力均布型锚索合理的承载体结构形式。研究结果表明压力均布型锚索承载体轴力沿钢管径向均布,承载体表面肋状结构增加砂浆体的抗剪性能,大大提高压力均布型锚索的锚固能力,从而可以优化锚索锚固段的长度。  相似文献   

导线环垂直激发场高精度数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

戴苗  胡祥云  陈玉萍  杨迪琨 《地质科技情报》2009,28(2)

导线环垂直激发场是导线环在地下产生的激发场中垂直于地磁场的分量,在地面核磁共振找水方法中,垂直激发场在地下的分布直接决定地面核磁共振响应,探讨影响垂直激发场地下分布的诸因素进而研究这些因素对地面核磁共振响应的作用,对核磁共振找水正确野外施工具有一定的指导意义,有助于采集更高质量的野外数据.利用经典Chave算法对含有贝塞尔函数的强振荡积分核进行了数值积分试验,将其计算结果和对应的解析解进行了对比,试验结果显示该算法用于强震荡函数无穷积分的计算具有良好的收敛性、较高的精度和较快的计算速度,采用Chave算法对含有贝塞尔函数的强振荡函数进行积分是可行的.在此基础上,进一步计算并数值模拟了导线环垂直激发场及其相位,分别从地磁倾角、磁偏角、地下介质导电性、深度等方面探讨了影响垂直激发场及其相位分布的主要因素.  相似文献   

利用人工神经网络方法对牙形石鉴定中若干“模糊特征”的数字化研究     

黄铮  白志强  柴华 《地质科技情报》2009,28(3)

牙形石是一类在地层学研究中具有重要意义的古生物化石。但由于牙形石鉴定中存在诸多重要、却难以定量分析的“模糊特征”,使得牙形石的鉴定和分类工作长期依赖于古生物工作者的经验。利用数学中的非线性方程将这些“模糊特征”进行数学描述,并利用人工神经网络中的反向传播算法设计出一套多隐含层的前馈网络分类器,对这些“模糊特征”进行分类尝试,取得了良好的效果,为牙形石的进一步数值化研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

基于小波变换和中值滤波的InSAR干涉图像滤波方法   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16  

汪鲁才  王耀南  毛六平 《测绘学报》2005,34(2):108-112

介绍小波分析的基本理论和利用小波分析对信号进行消除噪声的基本方法,以及In-SAR干涉相位图像中噪声的特点.针对目前普遍采用的均值滤波和中值滤波等方法对In-SAR干涉相位图像中噪声进行滤波的局限性,提出一种基于小波分析和中值滤波相结合的InSAR干涉相位图滤波算法以改善滤波效果.实验证明该算法的有效性.  相似文献   

分形插值与传统插值相结合的方法研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

范玉红  栾元重  王永  梁青科  王国现 《测绘科学》2005,30(2):76-77,80

本文针对测量数据提出了基于分形的线性插值 ,该法综合了分形插值理论和传统线性插值理论的优点。算例表明 :该法优于单一的分形插值和单一的线形插值 ,后验差检验法表明插值结果优等  相似文献   

The Influence of the “Mixed Pixel” Problem on the Detection of Analogous Forest Communities Between Presettlement and Present in Western New York∗     

Barry J. Kronenfeld  Yi-Chen Wang  Chris P. S. Larsen 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):182-196

We conducted a land change analysis to determine if the forest communities of presettlement and present contain areas that are analogous in composition, using surveys of the Holland Land Company (1797–1799) and U.S. Forest Service (1991–1993) from western New York. Gridded forest-type maps are produced from each survey using two models: a uniform model that assumes each data grid cell is occupied by a single forest type, and a mixture model in which grid cells are assumed to be occupied by multiple forest types in different proportions. The mixture model consistently detects a larger area of analogous communities in the two time periods at both global and local scales.  相似文献   

基于陆路交通网的空间通达性分析——以兰州-西宁城市区域为例     

白永平  吴常艳  陈博文 《山地学报》2013,31(2):129-139

以兰州-西宁城市区域交通路网为例,基于空间句法模型、日常可达性模型和等时圈通过特征点算法,试图运用GIS技术将节点、轴线和域面结合起来对通达性进行全面阐述,多视角综合测度区域路网通达性的空间格局。研究结果表明:1.区域路网体系较为完善,路网线段集聚相对明显;线段式空间伸展格局呈"点-轴"状,轴线式空间伸展格局呈"干-枝"状,初步形成核心、过渡、外围三大等级圈层以及"X"字型路网骨架,区域交通运输与城镇发展水平表现出较强的共轭协同发展关系。2.等时圈沿国道、省道、县道扩散表现连续,沿封闭铁路、高速公路扩散出现跳跃,其等时圈空间特征多呈现"枝-叶"状。城镇日常可达性在较大程度上取决于区域中心性、周边路网发达程度和城镇密集程度,区域路网单中心极化现象比较明显,兰州市对整个区域路网的控制作用较为突出。3.区域通达度空间分布各异,核心板块破碎而外围板块连片。区域通达性差异极其显著,出现极高值区和极低值区;兰州与西宁通达度中高值区出现断裂,区域南部通达度极低值区连片成带。因此,应当构建兰州地区绕城高速和环状路网,实现路网交通的适度分流;加快兰州-西宁高等级快速交通建设,推进兰州-西宁区域一体化进程;建设兰成铁路和兰州至云南磨憨口岸高速通道,培育临夏为南部区域性中心城市。  相似文献   

Finding shortest paths on real road networks: the case for A*     

W. Zeng 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):531-543

The problem of identifying the shortest path along a road network is a fundamental problem in network analysis, ranging from route guidance in a navigation system to solving spatial allocation problems. Since this type of problem is solved so frequently, it is important to craft an approach that is as efficient as possible. Based upon past research, it is generally accepted that several efficient implementations of the Dijkstra algorithm are the fastest at optimally solving the ‘one‐to‐one’ shortest path problem (Cherkassky et al. 1996 Cherkassky, B. V., Goldberg, A. V. and Radzik, T. 1996. Shortest paths algorithms: theory and experimental evaluation.. Mathematical Programming: Series A and B, 73: 129–174. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). We show that the most efficient state‐of‐the‐art implementations of Dijkstra can be improved by taking advantage of network properties associated with GIS‐sourced data. The results of this paper, derived from tests of different algorithmic approaches on real road networks, will be extremely valuable for application developers and researchers in the GIS community.  相似文献   

An adaptive approach to selecting a flow‐partition exponent for a multiple‐flow‐direction algorithm     

C. Qin  A.‐X. Zhu  T. Pei  B. Li  C. Zhou  L. Yang 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):443-458

Most multiple‐flow‐direction algorithms (MFDs) use a flow‐partition coefficient (exponent) to determine the fractions draining to all downslope neighbours. The commonly used MFD often employs a fixed exponent over an entire watershed. The fixed coefficient strategy cannot effectively model the impact of local terrain conditions on the dispersion of local flow. This paper addresses this problem based on the idea that dispersion of local flow varies over space due to the spatial variation of local terrain conditions. Thus, the flow‐partition exponent of an MFD should also vary over space. We present an adaptive approach for determining the flow‐partition exponent based on local topographic attribute which controls local flow partitioning. In our approach, the influence of local terrain on flow partition is modelled by a flow‐partition function which is based on local maximum downslope gradient (we refer to this approach as MFD based on maximum downslope gradient, MFD‐md for short). With this new approach, a steep terrain which induces a convergent flow condition can be modelled using a large value for the flow‐partition exponent. Similarly, a gentle terrain can be modelled using a small value for the flow‐partition exponent. MFD‐md is quantitatively evaluated using four types of mathematical surfaces and their theoretical ‘true’ value of Specific Catchment Area (SCA). The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) shows that the error of SCA computed by MFD‐md is lower than that of SCA computed by the widely used SFD and MFD algorithms. Application of the new approach using a real DEM of a watershed in Northeast China shows that the flow accumulation computed by MFD‐md is better adapted to terrain conditions based on visual judgement.  相似文献