淋溶在红树植物秋茄落叶分解失重中的潜在作用     

范航清  林鹏 《海洋与湖沼》1995,26(1):28-33

于１９８６年冬－１９８９年秋在福建省九龙江口，连续３年分季节进行红树植物秋茄落叶在林地滩面的分解实验，并在室内测定其落叶和腐叶的可溶性物质含量，定量探讨淋溶在落叶分解失重中的潜在作用。结果表明，可溶性物质平均占落叶干重的２７．２６％，这些可溶性物质中的８７％在分解初期的快速淋溶阶段迅速损失，可导致落叶初始干重损失２４％。快速淋溶阶段持续时间平均分别是，春季３６ｄ，夏季，１３ｄ，秋季，１７ｄ，冬季５  相似文献   

Seasonal variability of leaf litter removal by crabs in a Kandelia candel mangrove forest in Jiulongjiang Estuary, China     

G.C. Chen  Y. Ye  C.Y. Lu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):701-706

The seasonal variability of leaf litter removal by crabs was observed from May 2006 to April 2007 in a Kandelia candel mangrove forest in Jiulongjiang Estuary, China. Daily average quantities of leaf fall ranged 0.85–3.86 gDW m⁻² d⁻¹, with high values in May, August, October and November. The whole-year's leaf fall was 6.48 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (1.81 gDW m⁻² d⁻¹). The standing stock of leaf litter on the forest floor was 7.78 gDW m⁻² averaged from the whole year's data, with the lowest value in December (1.23 gDW m⁻²) and the highest in April (16.18 gDW m⁻²). Annually averaged removal (consumption on mangrove floor + burial in burrows) rate of leaf litter by crabs was 0.59 gDW m⁻² d⁻¹. High seasonal variability was observed in the removal rates of leaf litter by crabs. Removal rates in the winter months (December, January and February) were 0.07–0.09 gDW m⁻² d⁻¹, much lower than those in other months with values of 0.59–1.18 gDW m⁻² d⁻¹. Annually averaged percentage of leaf fall removed by crabs was 33%, with the highest values in September (reached 76%) and the lowest values in winter months. Of leaf litter removed by crabs, a large proportion was buried by crabs, and only 12% was consumed by crabs on the forest floor. Leaf litter removal rate, consumption rate on the forest floor, percentages of leaf fall and standing stock removed on the forest floor were significantly positively correlated with air temperature, indicating that leaf removal ability by crabs was higher in warm months than in cold months.  相似文献   

Effects of the undecomposed layer and semi-decomposed layer of Quercus variabilis litter on the soil erosion process and the eroded sediment particle size distribution     

Xiaona Liu  Guodong Jia  Xinxiao Yu 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14195

Simulated rainfall experiments were performed on bare, undecomposed litter layer and semi-decomposed litter layer slopes with litter biomasses of 0, 50, 100 and 150 g m⁻², respectively, to evaluate the effect of the undecomposed layer and semi-decomposed layer of Quercus variabilis litter on the soil erosion process and the particle size distribution of eroded sediment. The undecomposed layer and semi-decomposed layer of litter reduced the runoff rate by 10.91–27.04% and 12.91–36.05%, respectively, and the erosion rate by 13.35–40.98% and 17.16–59.46%, respectively. The percentage of smaller particles (clay and fine silt particles) decreased and the percentage of larger particles (coarse silt and sand particles) increased with an increased rainfall duration on all treated slopes, while the extent of the eroded sediment particle content varied among the treated slopes with the rainfall duration, with bare slopes exhibiting the largest variability, followed by undecomposed litter layer slopes and finally semi-decomposed litter layer slopes. The clay and sand particles were transported as aggregates, and fine silt and coarse silt particles were transported as primary particles. Compared with the original soil, sediment eroded from all treated slopes was mainly enriched in smaller particles. Furthermore, the loss of the smaller particles from the undecomposed litter layer slopes was lower than that from the semi-decomposed litter layer slopes, indicating that the undecomposed litter layer alleviated soil coarsening to some extent. The findings from this study improve our understanding of how litter regulates slope erosion and provide a reference for effectively controlling soil erosion.  相似文献   

生物土壤结皮对温带荒漠植物凋落物分解的影响     

张瑞  周晓兵  张元明 《中国沙漠》2019,39(6):151-158

环境和微生物群落的变化会影响凋落物的分解过程。生物土壤结皮是干旱荒漠区地表普遍存在的生物覆盖，对土壤物理化学性质有显著影响，但对于是否影响荒漠植物凋落物分解缺乏深入了解。选择8种在古尔班通古特沙漠广泛分布的荒漠植物（白梭梭Haloxylon persicum、梭梭Haloxylon ammondendron、黑沙蒿Artemisia ordosica、粉苞菊Chondrilla piptocoma、羽毛针禾Aristida pennata、刺沙蓬Salsola ruthenica、紫翅猪毛菜Salsola affinis、钩刺雾冰藜Bassia hyssopifolia），分析生物土壤结皮覆盖对这8种凋落物质量损失率和分解速率的影响。结果表明：生物土壤结皮和植物种对凋落物质量损失率有极显著影响（P<0.01），生物土壤结皮的存在增大了荒漠植物凋落物质量损失率，不同物种的分解率差异显著。8种植物凋落物的质量损失率在结皮覆盖条件下为13.67%~64.56%，去除结皮处理下为13.58%~54.13%。其中，结皮覆盖条件下白梭梭、梭梭、紫翅猪毛菜的质量损失率（46.12%、41.26%、64.56%）显著高于去除结皮处理（35.85%、36.97%、54.13%，P<0.05）。生物土壤结皮的存在缩短了凋落物的半分解和95%分解时间，缩短长度随物种差异而不同，受凋落物的初始全碳和全氮含量调节。荒漠地表生物土壤结皮对植物凋落物分解具有促进作用，且这种作用具有显著的种间差异，地表生物土壤结皮的存在对初始全碳含量较低而全氮含量较高的凋落物促进作用更明显。  相似文献   

杉木与楠木凋落叶混合分解及其P、K动态     

江淼华  程徐冰  杨建忠  郭剑芬 《福建地理》2012,(3):14-19

将杉木、楠木凋落叶及以二者不同比例混合的凋落叶置于果园林内进行分解和P、K动态的研究,结果表明：杉木和楠木凋落叶混合处理的分解速率均大于单独分解的纯杉木和纯楠木凋落叶.各凋落叶分解过程中,P浓度略有增加,而K浓度基本呈下降趋势.纯杉木凋落叶分解过程中P、K残留率均比纯楠木叶的低.杉楠混合分解的P、K释放率基本上大于单独的纯楠木叶.杉木与楠木凋落叶混合分解对其P和K的释放有一定的促进作用.  相似文献   

Response of early Ruppia cirrhosa litter breakdown to nutrient addition in a coastal lagoon affected by agricultural runoff     

Margarita Menndez 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,82(4):608-614

The response of early Ruppia cirrhosa Petagna (Grande) litter decomposition to external nitrogen and phosphorus availability in La Tancada (Ebro River, NE Spain), a coastal lagoon that receives agricultural freshwater runoff from rice fields has been examined. Recently abscised dead R. cirrhosa stems were collected and 25 g of fresh weight was placed in litter bags with a mesh size of 100 μm and 1 mm. These bags were fertilised by adding nitrogen (N), a mixture of nitrogen plus phosphorus (N + P), or phosphorus (P), or were left untreated (CT). Macroinvertebrates were retrieved from the bags and the ash-free dry weight, and carbon, and N and P content of the remaining plant material were measured after 0, 3, 7, 14, 22 and 32 days. Litter decomposition rates, k (day⁻¹), were estimated using a simple exponential model. Litter decay was clearly accelerated by the addition of P in the fine (100 μm) litter bags (0.042), but when N was added alone (0.0099) the decomposition rate was lower than in the CT treatments (0.022). No significant difference was observed between the N (0.0099–0.018) and N + P (0.0091–0.015) treatments in either the fine or the coarse (1 mm) litter bags. These results could be attributed to the relatively high availability of external (environmental) and internal (detritus contents) N. No significant effect of macro invertebrates was observed in the CT treatment or under N or P or N + P addition. The ratio between the decomposition rates in coarse and fine litter bags (k_c/k_f) was lower in disturbed Tancada lagoon (0.82) than in Cesine lagoon (2.11), a similar Mediterranean coastal water body with almost pristine conditions. These results indicate that, in addition to data on macroinvertebrate community structure, decomposition rates could also be used to assess water quality in coastal lagoons.  相似文献   

Environmental impact of the MV CITA on the foreshore of Porth Hellick, Isles of Scilly     

Smith NA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):1105-1108

The grounding of the container feeder vessel MV CITA on Newfoundland Rocks, Isles of Scilly, had an effect on the surrounding biota and benthic environment. Included in the CITA's cargo were five 40 ft containers holding pallets of polyester film used in the production of audio and visual recording tapes. The wreckage presented a minor but potentially chronic source of pollution through the delayed release of polythene film, which was left on the seabed as it was considered insufficiently valuable to warrant salvage. The polythene disintegrated and was washed upon the foreshore of Porth Hellick in minute shreds. The adjacent foreshore and two control sites within the islands were analysed using a 5-strand line and vegetation survey with 10 random quadrats within each line to determine the environmental impact of the polythene.  相似文献   

Surface tension and friction coefficients in shallow,laminar overland flows through organic litter     

David Dunkerley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2002,27(1):45-58

This study investigates the contribution of surface tension forces to friction coefficients in shallow, laminar interrill flows. Friction coefficients in these flows are known to be increased greatly by organic litter and by stems. Fine litter provides extensive edges along which surface tension menisci can be drawn up, and evaluating the significance of this in the frictional retardation of flow was the primary objective of the experiments reported here. Using both standardized ‘litter particles’ (small wooden blocks of fixed dimensions) and natural plant litter, meniscus behaviour and the Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient were evaluated in shallow flows on a laboratory sand board. For some tests, the surface tension of ordinary water was reduced by 40 per cent by the addition of a surfactant, and the friction coefficient redetermined. Results show that the presence of surface tension menisci flanking litter particles provides areas of deeper flow that are up to 7 mm in width and which can increase flow depths by 100–300 per cent. These zones support significantly higher flow speeds. Increased water depths within menisci are additionally associated with reduced depths beyond the menisci, so that an increase in the spatial variability of flow depths is a second consequence of meniscus formation. These modifications of flow depth by surface tension menisci are shown to reduce rather than increase the overall friction coefficient applicable to the flow. Consequently, additional frictional retardation does not arise within the menisci flanking litter particles and so cannot account for the greater drag arising from litter than from other surface features. Different factors, possibly the direct obstruction of flow paths, must therefore underlie the frictional drag. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

沉积强度及氮养分改变对闽江河口短叶茳芏残体短期分解与养分释放的影响     

陈冰冰  孙志高  王杰  胡星云  何涛  王华 《地理研究》2021,40(4):1165-1179

互花米草入侵过程中较强的促淤作用可导致湿地沉积环境和养分状况发生明显变化。2017年4月,选择闽江河口鳝鱼滩西北部受互花米草入侵影响的短叶茳芏湿地为研究对象,基于野外原位沉积及养分改变模拟试验,设置无沉积强度（S₀,0 cm·a^-1）、当前沉积强度（S₅,5 cm·a^-1,氮养分水平为沉积物自然氮背景值）以及当前沉积强度+氮养分倍增（S_5N,5 cm·a^-1,氮养分水平为沉积物氮背景值的两倍）三种处理,探讨沉积强度及氮养分改变对短叶茳芏残体短期分解（30 d）与养分释放的影响。结果表明,不同处理下残体的分解速率表现为S₀（0.017207 d^-1）> S_5N（0.012166 d^-1）>S₅（0.011478 d^-1）。与S₀相比,S₅和S_5N的分解速率分别降低了33.29%和29.30%,说明沉积作用抑制了残体分解,但氮养分倍增又使得抑制程度得到一定缓解。沉积增强导致残体的TC含量增加,而TN、TP和TS含量降低;相同沉积强度下,氮养分倍增对TN、TS含量变化的影响最为明显。不同处理下残体的C、N、P和S在分解初期均表现为不同程度地净释放,沉积作用降低了残体的C释放,但增加了N、P养分释放;相同沉积强度下,氮养分倍增对残体C释放的影响不大,但降低了N、P养分释放。尽管残体质量损失均是影响不同处理下残体分解初期养分变化的共性因素,但沉积及氮养分变化对残体基质质量的改变是导致残体中养分含量及释放强度存在差异的重要原因。研究发现,互花米草促淤导致的沉积增强使得短叶茳芏残体在分解初期释放的较多N、P养分在很大程度上可能被互花米草所利用,进而在一定程度上可增强其入侵能力;但在氮养分增加条件下,互花米草可能优先利用分解环境中的氮养分来增强其入侵优势。  相似文献   

滇石林地质公园喀斯特山地天然林和人工林凋落物与死地被物的动态特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

WU Yi  吴毅  刘文耀  沈有信  崔建武  李玉辉  刘伦辉 《山地学报》2007,25(3):317-325

对云南石林地质公园景区及其保护区内喀斯特山地典型森林类型凋落物组成与数量及其动态,地表死地被物现存量与持水特性等进行了研究。结果表明,本区域保护较好的滇青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides)林的年凋落量达7.26 t/hm2;而以团花木新姜子(Neolitsea homiantha)为主的次生林只有1.98 t/hm2;云南松(Pinus yun-nanensis)人工林和干香柏(Cupressus duclouxiana)人工林年凋落量分别是2.49 t/hm2和4.07 t/hm2。这些森林的凋落节律相似,都呈明显的“双峰型”。在地表死地被物现存量方面,干香柏林因其叶片难以分解而具有较高的地表现存量,为13.59 t/hm2,随后依次为滇青冈林(7.57 t/hm2),团花新木姜子次生林(5.02 t/hm2)和云南松人工林(4.83 t/hm2),死地被物的持水量与其现存量的大小顺序一致。根据森林年凋落量与死地被物现存量的数量关系,表明保护较好的滇青冈林内枯枝落叶的分解率明显大于次生林和人工林,周转期也短,涵养水分能力也较强。因此,应加强对喀斯特山地自然森林的保护,同时也注意对现有人工林的改造,引进一些阔叶树种,提高群落结构的整体效应。  相似文献