凋落物和根系处理对杉木人工林土壤氮素的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

章宪  范跃新  罗茜  谢锦升  孙杰 《福建地理》2014,(2):39-44

选取19 a和91 a杉木林为研究对象,设置对照(SR)、去除凋落物和根系(NO)、去除凋落物(NL)、去除根系(NR)、双倍凋落物(DL)5种处理进行为期3 a的野外观测,以探讨凋落物和根系对杉木人工林土壤氮素的影响机制。结果发现:5种处理对NO3--N含量影响不明显,对NH4+-N影响因林龄和土层而异,DL和NR提高了19 a杉木林表土层(0~10cm)NH4+-N含量,但在矿质层(10~20 cm),所有处理均显著降低了NH4+-N含量;NO会降低杉木林DON含量,DL会促进19 a杉木林DON含量增加;杉木林的DON含量总体随土层加深而增大,与DIN含量的变化趋势相反。表明凋落物和根系是土壤氮素的重要影响因素,其影响作用因氮素形态、林龄和土层而异。  相似文献   

An Environmental Threshold of Soil Test P and Degree of P Saturation of Brazilian Oxisols     

Amlan Kumar Ghosh  Joyce Barbosa  Ivo Ribeiro da Silva 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(5):421-427

To develop P management guidelines for poultry litter application in Oxisols of Brazil, the relationship between water soluble P (WSP), soil test P (STP), and degree of P saturation (DPS) needs to be established. The study examined this relationship in Oxisols of Brazil receiving poultry litter. Soils were analyzed for Mehlich‐1 P (M1‐P), WSP, P fractions, P sorption index (PSI), and P saturation based on Mehlich‐1 extractable P, Al, Fe (DPS_M1), and PSI (DPS_PSI). Surface water bodies in the catchment area were examined for inorganic and total P. All the surface water bodies in the catchment area of the sampled plots were highly enriched in inorganic and organic P. Enrichment of soil P fractions following poultry litter application followed the order HCl‐bound > NaOH‐bound > NaHCO₃‐bound fraction. M1‐P was correlated to labile (NaHCO₃‐P_i), and stable P pools (NaOH‐P and HCl‐P) and reflected the cumulative P accumulation in these soils. P saturation indices increased with cumulative P addition and increasing M1‐P. WSP increased with increasing DPS and a change point was noticed at 23% DPS_PSI (equivalent to DPS_M1 of 16.5%) corresponding to M1‐P of 44.5 mg P kg^?1, which could be regarded as threshold for P loss in these soils.  相似文献   

大型海藻龙须菜凋落物分解对水质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

戴晓娟  胡韧  罗洪添  王庆  胡晓娟  白敏冬  杨宇峰 《热带海洋学报》2021,40(1):91-98

大型海藻龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)规模栽培具有重要的经济和环境效益, 但藻体的凋落分解会对栽培区和邻近海域水环境造成一定影响。为探讨龙须菜凋落对水环境的影响, 本文通过45d的室内受控实验, 评估了龙须菜凋落分解过程中水体溶解氧和氮、磷的含量变化。结果发现, 干龙须菜实验组在实验期内水体溶解氧浓度显著降低(较对照组降低了82.81%); 水体氮、磷浓度显著提高, 总氮、总磷浓度较对照组分别上升了161.78%和759.93%。鲜龙须菜+海水+沉积物组在实验前中期(第0~21天)水体溶解氧浓度持续降低(较对照组降低了53.92%), 但在21d后又逐渐恢复至对照组水平; 其水体氮、磷浓度在实验中末期亦显著提高, 分解过程总氮、总磷浓度分别较对照组上升了36.65%和177.80%, 水体氮、磷变化曲线较干龙须菜组平缓且迟滞。鲜龙须菜凋落分解过程中的营养盐释放率低于干龙须菜, 沉积物对鲜龙须菜的分解及氮、磷和碳释放有促进作用, 但对干龙须菜的分解及氮、磷和碳释放有一定程度的减缓作用。龙须菜失重率、分解速率及营养盐释放率均呈现如下规律: 干龙须菜+海水组>干龙须菜+海水+沉积物组>鲜龙须菜+海水+沉积物组>鲜龙须菜+海水组。依据上述结果, 建议在龙须菜规模栽培和收获过程中应及时打捞脱落或衰老藻体, 尤其对已收获的大型海藻应妥善处理, 避免大型海藻腐烂而导致水体污染。  相似文献   

三江平原湿地主要优势植物枯落物分解过程与能量动态研究     

戴国华  吕宪国  杨青  蒋海东  武海涛  朱美容 《湿地科学》2008,6(1):29-33

应用分解袋法对三江平原3种湿地植物小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia)、毛苔草(Carex lasiocarpa)和漂筏苔草(Carex pseudocuraica)枯落物分解过程及能量动态进行了研究。结果表明,随着分解的进行,3种湿地植物枯落物失重率呈增加趋势,平均失重率从高到低的顺序是:漂筏苔草[(23.20±5.92)%]、小叶章[(22.85±5.09)%]、毛苔草[(21.47±4.88)%]。枯落物干重热值呈降低的变化趋势,分解初期干重热值降低的速率较大,随分解的进行,干重热值变化趋于平缓。其平均干重热值从高到低的顺序是:漂筏苔草[(16696.22±459.35)J/g]、小叶章[(16575.39±522.36)J/g]、毛苔草[(16488.46±227.79)J/g]。枯落物能量损失率呈增加的趋势,平均能量损失率从高到低的顺序是:漂筏苔草(26.54%)、小叶章(26.39%)、毛苔草(24.10%)。相关分析研究表明,能量损失率与失重率之间具有极显著的正相关关系(n=24,p<0.01),而与干重热值之间呈显著的负相关关系(n=24,p<0.01)。  相似文献   

Leaf litter decomposition in remote oceanic islands: The role of macroinvertebrates vs. microbial decomposition of native vs. exotic plant species     

《Limnologica》2014

Freshwater communities on remote oceanic islands can be depauperate due to the influence of biogeographic processes that operate over a range of spatial scales, influencing the colonization of organisms, and events that shape local freshwater assemblages. The consequences of this paucity in organism diversity for the functioning of these ecosystems are, however, not well understood.Here, we examine the relative decomposition rate of leaf litter of native vs. exotic origin by aquatic macroinvertebrates and microbial communities in an isolated and depauperate oceanic environment.Bags containing a standard amount of leaf litter of each of 10 tree species (5 native and 5 non-native species) were deployed on two streams. Two types of bags differing in mesh size were used to allow or prevent the access of leaf litter to macroinvertebrates, respectively. Over a period of 28 days, mass loss of leaf litter was similar in the two bag types suggesting that macroinvertebrates had little influence on the break down of leaf litter in this system. In addition, there was no difference in mass loss of leaf litter of native and exotic origin. Decomposition rates were highly species-specific suggesting that decomposition rates were related to inhibitory substance specific of each leaf species. Our results add to the wider literature by showing that in depauperate and isolated ecosystems, and in contrast to temperate continental ecosystems, decomposition of plant litter by aquatic macroinvertebrates is negligible.  相似文献   

Modeling of marine litter drift and beaching in the Japan Sea     

Jong-Hwan Yoon  Shiro Kawano 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(3):448-463

Characteristics of drift and beaching of floating marine litter in the Japan Sea are examined numerically using the reanalysis data of the Japan Sea Forecasting System of Kyushu University. The residence time of model marine litter deployed uniformly over the surface of the Japan Sea strongly depends on the buoyancy ratio. However, almost all litter beaches or flows out through straits within 3 years. Experiments with inputs of litter imposed at large cities and the Tsushima Straits as well as river basins of the Japan Sea exhibit a good agreement with beach surveys with regard to country ratios of beached litter along the Japanese coast in cases of lighters. In a case of lighter, almost all lighters originating from Japan beach along the Japanese coast, while almost all lighters originating from a country surrounding the Japan Sea except Japan beach along the coast of that country and the Japanese coast.  相似文献   

Sequential monitoring of beach litter using webcams   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shin’ichiro Kako  Atsuhiko Isobe 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(5):775-779

This study attempts to establish a system for the sequential monitoring of beach litter using webcams placed at the Ookushi beach, Goto Islands, Japan, to establish the temporal variability in the quantities of beach litter every 90 min over a one and a half year period. The time series of the quantities of beach litter, computed by counting pixels with a greater lightness than a threshold value in photographs, shows that litter does not increase monotonically on the beach, but fluctuates mainly on a monthly time scale or less. To investigate what factors influence this variability, the time derivative of the quantity of beach litter is compared with satellite-derived wind speeds. It is found that the beach litter quantities vary largely with winds, but there may be other influencing factors.  相似文献   

东莞主要森林群落凋落物碳储量及其空间分布   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘刚  朱剑云  叶永昌  刘颂颂  苏志尧 《山地学报》2010,28(1)

基于2 km×2 km的UTM网格对东莞市不同的森林群落类型进行了详细调查,以研究森林凋落物的碳储量及其空间分布.研究结果表明,天然林凋落物碳储量显著高于人工林;不同森林类型的凋落物碳储量之间差异极显著,其碳密度大小依次为:湿地松-阔叶混交林>相思林>马尾松-杉木林>荷木林>桉树林>杉木-阔叶混交林>马尾松-阔叶混交林>荔枝-龙眼林>青皮竹林.针叶林的单位凋落物碳含量最大,占59%,大于阔叶林;相思林和荷木林单位凋落物碳含量仅次于马尾松-杉木针叶林.不同的经营措施对森林凋落物碳储量有显著的影响,经封山育林的林分凋落物碳储量最大.坡位对凋落物碳储量也有显著的影响,随着坡位的降低,森林凋落物现存量和碳密度随之降低.东莞市森林凋落物碳密度为4.25±0.15 t/hm2,凋落物碳储量总量为0.23±0.008 Mt.凋落物的碳储量动态直接关系到土壤碳储库,采取合适的经营措施,减少人为干扰造成的凋落物的流失,最终对于提高本地区森林生态系统碳库会有积极作用.  相似文献   

生物土壤结皮对温带荒漠植物凋落物分解的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张瑞  周晓兵  张元明 《中国沙漠》2019,39(6):151-158

环境和微生物群落的变化会影响凋落物的分解过程。生物土壤结皮是干旱荒漠区地表普遍存在的生物覆盖,对土壤物理化学性质有显著影响,但对于是否影响荒漠植物凋落物分解缺乏深入了解。选择8种在古尔班通古特沙漠广泛分布的荒漠植物（白梭梭Haloxylon persicum、梭梭Haloxylon ammondendron、黑沙蒿Artemisia ordosica、粉苞菊Chondrilla piptocoma、羽毛针禾Aristida pennata、刺沙蓬Salsola ruthenica、紫翅猪毛菜Salsola affinis、钩刺雾冰藜Bassia hyssopifolia）,分析生物土壤结皮覆盖对这8种凋落物质量损失率和分解速率的影响。结果表明：生物土壤结皮和植物种对凋落物质量损失率有极显著影响（P<0.01）,生物土壤结皮的存在增大了荒漠植物凋落物质量损失率,不同物种的分解率差异显著。8种植物凋落物的质量损失率在结皮覆盖条件下为13.67%~64.56%,去除结皮处理下为13.58%~54.13%。其中,结皮覆盖条件下白梭梭、梭梭、紫翅猪毛菜的质量损失率（46.12%、41.26%、64.56%）显著高于去除结皮处理（35.85%、36.97%、54.13%,P<0.05）。生物土壤结皮的存在缩短了凋落物的半分解和95%分解时间,缩短长度随物种差异而不同,受凋落物的初始全碳和全氮含量调节。荒漠地表生物土壤结皮对植物凋落物分解具有促进作用,且这种作用具有显著的种间差异,地表生物土壤结皮的存在对初始全碳含量较低而全氮含量较高的凋落物促进作用更明显。  相似文献   

喀斯特地区枯落物层对地表径流和土壤侵蚀的影响研究     

周秋文  李璇  郭兴房 《水文》2018,38(4):19-24

以枯落物层质量和雨强为影响因素进行室内人工模拟降雨试验,探讨喀斯特地区枯落物层对地表径流和土壤侵蚀的影响规律。结果表明:(1)地表无枯落物覆盖的情形下,除雨强为40mm/h无地表径流外,其它雨强的情形均有产流;且均随着雨强的增加,初始产流时间提前,地表产流产沙量增大。(2)在有枯落物覆盖情形下,初始产流时间有所延缓,在40mm/h雨强下,枯落物层明显影响了地表径流的产生,但随着降雨强度的增加,减少径流效果越来越不明显;(3)枯落物覆盖对减少土壤流失效果显著,其中降雨强度为90mm/h时,枯落物保沙效率约99%,当降雨强度为140mm/h时,达到94%。研究表明,喀斯特地区枯落物层对延缓地表径流和减少土壤侵蚀具有重要作用。  相似文献