福建建瓯万木林柑橘与锥栗凋落物数量、组成及动态   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘强  王超  杨智杰  陈光水  黄锦学  黄蓉  田浩 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2011,6(4):29-34

2010年1-12月,对福建省建瓯市万木林保护区内的柑橘（CitrusreticulataBlanco）和锥栗（Castaneahenryi）凋落物的组成及动态进行观测研究,结果表明：柑橘和锥栗的年凋落物量分别为2315．47±149．02kg·hm^-2·a^-1和2414．62±211．05kg·hm^-2·a^-...  相似文献   

Effect of leaf distribution pattern on the interception storage capacity of leaf litter under simulated rainfall conditions     

Kaifeng Li  Longshan Zhao  Rui Hou  Qian Fang  Chunhua Fan 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14022

Rainwater interception by leaf litter is an important part of forest hydrological processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the interception storage capacity (ISC) of woodland leaf litter for three leaf distribution patterns, one flow path, two flow paths, and three flow paths, manually simulated via one-by-one leaf connection in the top leaf litter layer. A random pattern served as the control. Three different slopes (0°, 5° and 25°, representing flat, gentle and steep slopes, respectively) and two contrasting leaf litters (needle-leaf litter, represented by P. massoniana leaves, and broad-leaf litter, represented by C. camphora leaves) with a biomass of 0.5 kg/m² per unit area were applied, at a rainfall intensity of 50 mm/h. Results suggested that leaf distribution pattern greatly impacts litter drainage and hence affects leaf litter ISC. The delaying capacity of litter drainage initiation and ISC of broad-leaf litter were higher than those of needle-leaf litter under the same slope conditions. The maximum ISC (C_max) and minimum ISC (C_min) of leaf litter at flat and gentle slopes were higher than those at steep slope. C_min of the broad-leaf litter was two times higher than that of needle-leaf litter on average. When raindrops reached the litter layer, some were temporarily intercepted by the top litter layer while others infiltrated leaf litter sublayer along leaf edges, and in the process, some rainwater flowed through litter layer and contributed to lateral litter drainage along the potential flow path formed by leaves. The lateral litter drainage of broad-leaf litter was higher than that of needle-leaf litter, and the partitioning of rainwater into lateral litter drainage increased with increases in slope. The difference in leaf litter C_max among different slopes and leaf shapes decreased with flow path increasing. Therefore, leaf distribution pattern notably impact leaf litter ISC, which is similar to leaf shape and slope impacts. On inclined slopes, avoiding leaf accumulation to form flow path is helpful for improving ISC.  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠5种植物凋落物分解特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

赵红梅  程军回  张文太  苏延桂  张彩云  盛建东 《中国沙漠》2020,40(2):165-176

为明确养分受限环境中凋落物的分解特征及调控因素,以古尔班通古特沙漠5种不同生活型植物粗柄独尾草(Eremurus inderiensis)、尖喙牻牛儿苗(Erodium oxyrrhynchum)、芦苇(Phragmites communis)、花花柴(Karelinia caspia)和小果白刺(Nitraria sibirica)为对象,利用分解网袋法,研究了典型植物各器官(叶、茎、根)凋落物的分解过程。结果表明:(1)不同生活型植物各器官凋落物的质量损失过程可以用负指数衰减模型较好地拟合(R²>0.70),经过629 d的分解,物种间及同一植物各器官间凋落物的分解速率存在显著差异,粗柄独尾草和尖喙牻牛儿苗的分解快于芦苇、花花柴和小果白刺,5种植物叶、根凋落物的分解快于茎,而叶和根分解的快慢具有明显的种间差异;(2)凋落物分解过程中N、P养分动态因物种、器官类型而异,5种植物茎凋落物呈现不同程度的养分固持,而粗柄独尾草和尖喙牻牛儿苗的叶、根表现为N、P养分的净释放;(3)初始化学组成对根、茎凋落物分解的影响比叶重要,其中,初始养分含量和难降解成分是限制根分解的主要因子。凋落物初始化学组成是预测温带荒漠凋落物分解的重要因素,而其重要性受植物生活型和器官类型的影响,因此,未来气候变化下,植物物种或植物生物量分配的变化所引起的凋落物质量改变,可能会对荒漠生态系统碳和养分循环产生较大影响。  相似文献   

Measurement of evaporation from the forest floor in a deciduous forest throughout the year using microlysimeter and closed‐chamber systems     

Aiko Deguchi  Shigeaki Hattori  Kenichi Daikoku  Ho‐Teak Park 《水文研究》2008,22(18):3712-3723

Evaporation from the forest floor (E_FF) in a deciduous broadleaf forest was measured using microlysimeter and closed‐chamber systems. The microlysimeter was used at six points in the experimental basin, and measurements gave different E_FF values at different points. This could be attributed to the local photoenvironment of each sampling point, rather than to litter conditions, if the spatial variation in air temperature (Ta) or vapour pressure deficit (VPD) at the forest floor was small within this basin. A detachable microlysimeter measured condensation in the litter layer during the night, indicating that the litter layer, as well as the mulch layer, played a role in preventing evaporation from the soil layer. The closed‐chamber system made it possible to continuously measure long‐term E_FF. E_FF was closely related to VPD; even during the night, when solar radiation was zero, E_FF amounted to 14·0% of the daily E_FF. The daily E_FF was 0·20 ± 0·13 mm day^?1 during the study period, with two seasonal peaks: in late spring (0·31 mm day^?1 in April) and early fall (0·22 mm day^?1 in September). The former peak has been reported from two deciduous forests in Japan and is strongly related to the solar radiation reaching the forest floor when the trees are dormant. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地优势固沙灌木叶片凋落物分解的主场效应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

杨红玲  李玉霖  宁志英  张子谦 《中国沙漠》2019,39(5):62-70

在气候变化和人类活动的影响下，科尔沁沙质草地中灌木植物种增加，导致沙质草地逐渐向灌木地转变。选取该地区优势固沙灌木差不嘎蒿（Artemisia halodendron）和小叶锦鸡儿叶（Caragana microphylla）凋落物及其混合凋落物开展交互移置培养试验，分析了培养过程中CO₂释放和干物质损失量以及混合凋落物CO₂释放量实测值与预测值的差异，辨析主场效应产生的原因及其驱动机制，以期为将主场效应纳入到凋落物分解模型提供理论基础。结果表明：与高质量的小叶锦鸡儿叶凋落物相比，质量较低的差不嘎蒿叶凋落物分解具有更强的主场效应；其次，引起叶凋落物分解的主场效应归因于土壤微生物的特化作用，而不是土壤动物的搬运或贮藏行为。此外，混合凋落物主场效应与其分解生境中长期输入的凋落物的质量相似性紧密相关，质量相似性越大，主场效应越强，这也是本研究中混合凋落物分解在差不嘎蒿灌丛土壤下具有较强主场效应的原因。  相似文献   

DYNAMICS OF LITTER DECOMPOSITION AND SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF PHOSPHORUS IN DECOMPOSED RESIDUA OF Calamagrotis augustifolia IN THE WETLAND OF THE SANJIANG PLAIN   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

WANG Shi-yan  YANG Yong-xing 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2001,(3)

Ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｃｙｃｌｉｎｇａｎｄｅｎｅｒｇｙｆｌｏｗａｒｅｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｉｎｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｆｉｅｌｄｓａｎｄｒｅｓｉｄｕａｄｅ-ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｔｈｅｋｅｙｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｎｕｔｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎＳＷＩＦＴｅｔａｌ．１９７９．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｉｄｕａｄｅ-ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｐｌａｙｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｄｅｃｉｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙａｎｄｂｉｏｍａｓｓｏｆ…  相似文献   

长白山天然次生白桦林土壤CO_2释放通量研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

林丽莎  李向义  韩士杰 《干旱区地理》2009,32(1)

利用静态箱/气相色谱法测定了长白山天然次生白桦林土壤二氧化碳释放通量.在生长季节的春、夏、秋三个时间段对白桦林土壤CO2释放通量测定的结果表明:白桦林土壤呼吸的日变化和不同生长季节的变化均与温度的变化有明显的相关性.白昼的土壤CO2的释放通量始终高于夜晚,但白昼土壤CO2释放通量的峰值与气温的峰值相比具有一定的滞后性.土壤CO2释放通量夏季明显高于春秋两季,凋落物层对土壤CO2释放具有一定的影响,夏季去除凋落物层后土壤CO2释放通量高于未除凋落物层时CO2释放通量,而春秋两季则出现相反的结果.通过相关分析发现,有凋落物覆盖的土壤CO2释放通量与地下5cm温度相关性最好,而去除凋落物后土壤CO2释放通量则与地表温度相关性最高.  相似文献   

Litter dynamics and forest structure of the introduced Sonneratia caseolaris mangrove forest in Shenzhen, China     

Luzhen Chen  Qijie Zan  Mingguang Li  Jinyu Shen  Wenbo Liao 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,85(2):241-246

For the purpose of mangrove restoration in China, Sonneratia caseolaris has been introduced and planted in Guangdong Province outside and north of its native habitat, Hainan Province. We monitored the litter fall and forest structure of this S. caseolaris forest in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, from 1996 to 2005. The annual fluctuation in litter fall increased with increases in air temperature from spring to early summer, and reached a maximum in autumn when the fruits matured. The total litter fall was significantly affected by air temperature, day length, and evaporation, rainfall in the previous month and by typhoons. In 1998, the sixth year after cultivation, the total litter production of the mature S. caseolaris forest significantly increased. The mean annual total litter production during 1998–2005 was 15.1 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, among which, leaves and reproductive materials contributed more than 80% of the total. During the ten years of study, the DBH (diameter at 1.30 m from ground level) and tree height of S. caseolaris increased from 5.2 cm to 18.3 cm, and from 4.5 m to 13.4 m, respectively. The litter fall production was strongly correlated with forest structure parameters, such as DBH, tree height, and crown area. The R value (the ratio of the maximum total litter fall to the minimum in the same community during the investigation periods) of S. caseolaris in the present study was 1.98, indicating a low annual variation of litter fall during these ten years.  相似文献   

绿化修剪草与污水厂污泥混合中温厌氧消化的可行性研究     

谢经良  沈晓南  唐学玺 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,40(1)

对城市绿化修剪草与污水厂污泥消化联合处理的可行性进行了研究.选择了10%,20%,30%,40%和50%共5个修剪草与污泥的干基投加比例,试验结果表明,随着修剪草投加量的增加污泥消化系统的产气率亦随之增加,当修剪草投加比例为50%时,消化系统产气率可达348L/kg.TS,与不加修剪草相比,产气率增幅达到30%,修剪草与污水厂污泥消化联合处理是可行的.  相似文献   

Water storage capacity of empty fruiting heads of Liquidambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum) / Capacité de stockage d’eau des bourgeons fruitiers vides de Liquidambar styraciflua L. (le copalme d’Amérique)     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5)

Abstract

Abstract The water storage capacity (WSC) of dehiscent fruits that constitute a portion of litter on the forest floor is inadequately understood. This study has quantified the WSC of empty fruiting heads of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) in an effort to reduce the data gap on the WSC and interception of fruit litter. In a laboratory experiment, empty fruiting heads of sweetgum were found to have a mean WSC of 399% of their oven-dried weight. The maximum volume of water detained by fruiting heads in the field was 507 ml container^-1. Interception by the empty fruiting heads is considerable, ranging from 2.6 to 218.5% of the incident gross precipitation, with a mean of 42.7%. The data indicate that the interception storage capacity of empty fruiting heads is reached at 2.5 cm depth equivalent of incident gross precipitation. A logarithmic relationship was observed between the volume of water detained by the fruiting heads and the length of time since precipitation. Results of the study suggest that fruit litter may have a considerable influence on the seasonal water balance and ecohydrology of plantations and forests with significant proportions of sweetgum.  相似文献