一株抗植物致病真菌的深海霉菌的鉴定和活性成分理化性质分析     

陈丽维  敖敬群  陈新华 《台湾海峡》2013,32(3)

从印度洋深海底泥中分离到一株真菌S2915,经ITS基因序列分析及显微形态观察,鉴定S2915为支顶孢属Acremonium sp.真菌.其发酵液对5株植物致病真菌有明显的抑制作用.经硫酸铵沉淀后的抗菌活性分析,可以初步判断该抗菌活性成分为蛋白类物质,且最佳硫酸铵饱和浓度为70％(m/m).初步分析了该抗菌粗蛋白的理化性质,结果表明,该活性物质具有很好的耐热性,经60、80、100℃甚至121℃处理后,活性均无明显差异;耐强酸强碱,在pH值为2～12范围内活性不受影响;紫外照射0～12h及用蛋白酶K、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶处理后,活性均没有减弱;但对多种有机溶剂比较敏感,经三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙醚和丙酮处理后,抗菌活性受到不同程度的抑制,其抑制率分别为35％、25.7％、22.9％、12.9％.证明该抗菌活性物质高效、稳定,可用于抗真菌农药的开发应用.  相似文献   

锡林河流域羊草草原暗栗钙土矿质氮动态变化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

杨小红  董云社  齐玉春  耿元波 《地理研究》2005,24(3):387-393

通过野外采样,分析了内蒙古锡林河流域三个不同放牧强度羊草草原0～30cm表层土壤中矿质氮（NH₄⁺-N+NO₃^--N）的浓度特征,研究了它们在生长季期间的含量变化情况。结果表明:羊草草原暗栗钙土中矿质氮主要以NH₄⁺-N形式存在,矿质氮含量仅占土壤全氮的0.20%～0.92%;土壤矿质氮含量随草地放牧强度升高而降低,围封禁牧多年的羊草样地矿质氮含量高于轮牧地和自由放牧地;生长季期间0～10cm、10～20cm和20～30cm各层次土壤NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量随土壤温度、水分和植物生长吸收的变化而波动明显,不同深度土壤矿质氮的季节变化趋势基本一致,表层0～10cm土壤矿质氮含量波动幅度最大:在4月和7、8月份,NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N浓度分别出现峰值;NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量随采样深度增加而降低,各采样点0～30cm土壤中NH₄⁺-N含量均高于NO₃^--N。  相似文献   

AB-DTPA提取法在重金属污染土壤修复模拟试验中的应用可行性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈燕芳  刘晓端  谭科艳 《岩矿测试》2010,29(2):131-135

将碳酸氢铵-二乙三胺五乙酸(AB-DTPA)提取重金属生物有效态的方法应用于重金属污染土壤修复的模拟试验中,该土壤的污染元素主要是铜、锌和镉,试验所用修复材料是钠化膨润土。研究表明,AB-DTPA提取法具有很好的稳定性,而且能准确指示铜、锌、镉元素在土壤中的有效态含量,同时AB-DTPA对土壤中铜、锌、镉元素的提取率也适用于模拟试验中修复效果的平行对比。AB-DTPA提取法在重金属污染土壤修复模拟试验中的应用是可行的。  相似文献   

Ammonium Variational Trends and the Ammonia Neutralization Effect on Acid Rain over East Asia          下载免费PDF全文

GAO Chao  WANG Zi-F  Enagnon A. GBAGUIDI 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(2):120-126

The distribution and variations of ammonium and the ammonia neutralization effect on acid rain were examined in East Asia during the period of 2000-05 using observed wet deposition data from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). Observational trends show a high proportion of NH4+ in the total cations, with a six-year mean proportion of over 20% for continental and inland regions. The concentrations and deposition of NH4+ were higher in western China and Vietnam than in other regions. The annual variations in NH4+ concentration were smooth in most of the regions, except for southern China and Vietnam, where the NH4+ concentrations increased, and western China, where the NH4+ concentrations decreased. The neutralization factors (NFs) of NH4+ indicate that ammonia has a great neutralization capability toward acid rain, including for the regions with low NH4+ concentrations, such as Japan. The NFs were high in summer, with no obvious discrepancies between the northern and southern stations. However, the correlation coefficients between NH4+ concentrations and rain pH values imply that the ammonia neutralization effects on the pH values were distinct only at southern China and southern Japan stations. The neutralization of precipitation by ammonia was estimated by comparing the discrepancies between the observed pH values and the pH values calculated without ammonia consuming the H+ in NH4+. The results demonstrate that ammonia may increase annual mean pH values by 0.4-0.7 in southern China and by 0.15-0.25 in southern Japan.  相似文献   

2011夏季南极普里兹湾营养盐与浮游植物生物量的分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙维萍  扈传昱  韩正兵  潘建明  翁焕新 《极地研究》2012,24(2):178-186

利用2011南极夏季在普里兹湾获取的海水样,检测了Chla、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐的含量。结果表明,普里兹湾表层海水中Chla的含量普遍具有冰架边缘>陆架区>陆坡及深海区的分布特征,海冰的消融及水体的稳定性是影响表层海水Chla分布的主要原因。Chla含量的垂直分布与光照条件相关,具有上层水体含量高,随着深度逐渐降低的分布特征。磷酸盐、硅酸盐和硝酸盐的水平及垂直分布特征都与Chla的分布格局相反。表层海水中铵盐的分布特征与磷酸盐等主要营养盐的分布格局相反,冰架边缘、陆架区铵盐的垂直分布特征与陆坡及深海区不同,在冰架边缘和陆架区有机质降解过程主导着水柱中铵盐的浓度,而浮游植物吸收作用与有机质降解过程之间的平衡控制着陆坡及深海区铵盐的垂直分布。根据Chla与营养盐的浓度及分布特征,结合温度、盐度、溶解氧等水文要素,分析探讨了Chla深层最大值现象（DCM）的成因及67.5°S以南表层海水中铵盐对硝酸盐吸收的抑制作用。  相似文献   

Adsorption of Ammonium and Heavy Metal Ions on Industrial Vermiculite from the Yuli Mine in Xinjiang, China     

PENG Tongjiang ZHANG Baoshu LIU Fusheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(2):212-218

The present work discusses the mineralogy, saturated adsorption of ammonium and adsorption of heavy metal ions （Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋ and Zn^2＋） on industrial vermiculite samples from the Yuli Mine in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The saturated adsorption capacity of ammonium and the affection factors of adsorption of Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋ and Zn^2＋ are discussed on the basis of the mineralogical characteristics of the industrial vermiculite samples. The saturated adsorption capacities of ammonium are between 56.02 and 98.42 mmol/100g. The time of adsorption equilibrium is about 30-60 min, and the pH values and concentration of the ion solution significantly affect the adsorption capacities of the heavy metal ions. The adsorption capabilities of the heavy metal ions on industrial vermiculite are almost the same in the low ion concentration solutions, characterized by a sequence of Zn^2＋〉Pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋ for adsorption capacity in solutions with relatively high ion concentration. The results have practical significance for the application of the industrial vermiculite to treating wastewater containing ammonium or heavy metal ions.  相似文献   

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification by aerobic granular sludge membrane bioreactor for high concentration ammonium nitrogen wastewater     

《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):130-131

  相似文献   

相转移催化合成增塑剂邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯的研究     

曹小红刘瑛  刘云海 《华东地质学院学报》2005,28(2):166-168

以CTMAB为相转移催化剂，苯酐、正丁醇和苄氨为原料合成BBP的新方法。通过设计正交实验，对原料配比、反应时间、催化荆用量、pH值和加水量等影响因素以及催化荆的回收利用进行了研究。实验结果表明，苯酐：正丁醇：CT．MAB：苄氨为1：1．33：0．04：1．2，pH值为9，反应时间为3h，反应过程中的加水量为1％时最高酯产率可达到80％以上。本方法操作简单，耗时少，成本低，催化荆可回收利用，产品质量好，无“三废”污染，并易于工业化生产。  相似文献   

蛭石的有机改性研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李雪梅  廖立兵  曾青云  安建成  陶炎鑫 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2007,26(4):410-418

本文综述了国内近十年关于粘土矿物和蛭石表面性质及表面改性的资料,分析了粘土矿物和蛭石表面改性的原理、方法和影响因素,研究了烷基季铵盐阳离子在粘土矿物和蛭石层间的排布模式,总结了有机粘土和有机蛭石吸附有机物的吸附理论和机理,为有机粘土和有机蛭石在废水处理和聚合物填充增强改性中的应用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Experimental and Modelling Approaches for the Assessment of Chemical Impacts of Leachate Migration from Landfills: A Case Study of a Site on the Triassic Sandstone Aquifer in the UK East Midlands     

Steven?F.?ThorntonEmail author  John?H.?Tellam  David?N.?Lerner 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2005,23(6):811-829

Current risk-based methods for assessing the effects of landfill leachate migration on groundwater resources are conservative and generalised. Cost-effective and practical strategies are required which can robustly determine the potential for contaminant attenuation on a site-specific basis. In this paper laboratory column experiments and reactive transport modelling are evaluated as a combined approach for assessing the chem’ical impact of leachate migration in the Triassic Sandstone aquifer. The results are compared with field data for a landfill in the East Midlands. Columns of aquifer sandstone were flushed sequentially with groundwater, followed by acetogenic or methanogenic leachate to simulate chemical interactions occurring during leachate loading episodes. The key contaminants in leachate (NH₄, heavy metals, organic fractions) were attenuated by ion exchange, redox reactions, sorption and degradation. These processes produce a consistent hydrochemical signature which may help identify the extent of leachate migration in the aquifer. The laboratory results largely replicate those found in the field system, and the behaviour of inorganic contaminants during leachate flushing of the aquifer columns can be described by the reactive transport model. The experimental and modelling approach presented represents a powerful tool for risk assessment and prediction of leachate contaminant fate at unlined and lined landfills.  相似文献