Dynamik der Schilfröhrichte am Bodensee unter dem Einfluss von Wasserstandsvariationen     

Michael Dienst  Klaus Schmieder  Wolfgang Ostendorp 《Limnologica》2004,34(1-2):29

On the basis of different sets of aerial photos the dynamics of the reed bed areas of Lake Constance were investigated in relation to the dynamics of the water levels. The objectives of the study were to quantify the changes of reed areas due to different flood events in the last decades and their recovery in the time periods between these events. The results should given information of the relevance of water level variations on reed bed dynamics and the regeneration times of reed beds after extreme disturbance events.Following the extreme flood at Lake Constance in 1999 the reed belts of Lake Constance lost approximately 30 ha (24%) of the lakeside reed beds. The loss is comparable to the situation in the late 1960s, when approximately 40 ha died back due to the extreme flood in 1965 and the high spring water levels in the subsequent years. In the time period between the extreme floods of 1965 and 1999, the reed areas expanded to nearly 85% of the area before 1965. The expansion rates increased with increasing distance to the flood event of 1965. Especially in periods with series of years of low spring water level the expansion rates were high.The damage degrees of the reed areas in the years 2000 and 2002 showed a clear relation to the elevation (i.e. average water level) of the stands. The damage degree increased with decreasing elevation. Furthermore the regeneration process of severely damaged stands was related to the elevation level of the stands. Whereas stands at high elevation regenerate fast, those at low elevation died off completely in the years after the extreme flood. This supports the hypothesis that the water level flutuations play a major role in the reed dynamics of Lake Constance.As a consequence of the climate change an increase in the frequency of high spring water levels is expected. Thus, it seems unlikely that reed stands will ever expand again to the same area as before 1965.  相似文献   

Daily salinity fluctuation alleviates salt stress on seedlings of the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza     

Wenqing Wang  Li Xu  Siyang You  Chao Liu  Mao Wang 《水文研究》2020,34(11):2466-2476

Salinity is a vital factor that regulates leaf photosynthesis and growth of mangroves, and it frequently undergoes large seasonal and daily fluctuations creating a range of environments – oligohaline to hyperhaline. Here, we examined the hypotheses that mangroves benefit opportunistically from low salinity resulting from daily fluctuations and as such, mangroves under daily fluctuating salinity (FS) grow better than those under constant salinity (CS) conditions. We compared growth, salt accumulation, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves of mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza seedlings growing in freshwater (FW), CS (15 practical salinity units, PSU), and daily FS (0–30 PSU, average of 4.8 PSU) conditions. The traits of FS-treated leaves were measured in seedlings under 15 PSU. FS-treated seedlings had greater leaf biomass than those in other treatment groups. Moreover, leaf photosynthetic rate, capacity to regulate photoelectron uptake/transfer, and leaf succulence were significantly higher in FS than in CS treatment. However, leaf water-use efficiency showed the opposite trend. In addition to higher concentrations of Na⁺ and Cl⁻, FS-treated leaves accumulated more Ca²⁺ and K⁺. We concluded that daily FS can enhance water absorption, photosynthesis, and growth of leaves, as well as alter plant biomass allocation patterns, thereby positively affecting B. gymnorhiza. Mangroves that experience daily FS may increase their adaptability by reducing salt build-up and water deficits when their roots are temporally subjected to low salinity or FW and by absorbing sufficient amounts of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ for osmotic adjustment when their roots are subsequently exposed to saline water.  相似文献   

驯化水温及温升速率对三门湾三种虾蟹类热耐受性的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

田洪林  曹亮  刘金虎  窦硕增 《海洋科学》2018,42(4):43-52

作者采用动态实验法与静态实验法相结合的方法,研究了三门湾脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)和日本(Charybdis japonica)在不同季节的基础水温即驯化水温(8~29℃)和温升速率(0.5~15.0℃/h)下的热耐受能力。结果表明,驯化水温和温升速率对各实验动物的热耐受性均有显著影响。实验动物的热耐受性与驯化水温总体上呈显著正相关,而温升速率对热耐受性的影响具有物种特异性,并受驯化水温制约;在不同驯化水温下,各实验动物的热耐受性随温升速率增大呈不同变化趋势。各实验动物的24 h高起始致死温度受驯化水温的影响显著,随着驯化水温从8℃升高到29℃,脊尾白虾、日本和口虾蛄的24hUILT50分别从24.2、34.6、24.9℃显著增大到35.3、37.4和34.4℃。结合3种实验动物的最大临界温度分析,它们的热耐受能力依次为:日本脊尾白虾口虾蛄。研究结果可为探究三门湾水域潜在的热污染状况及其生态环境效应提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Climate induced temperature effects on growth performance, fecundity and recruitment in marine fish: developing a hypothesis for cause and effect relationships in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and common eelpout (Zoarces viviparus)     

H. O. Prtner  B. Berdal  R. Blust  O. Brix  A. Colosimo  B. De Wachter  A. Giuliani  T. Johansen  T. Fischer  R. Knust  G. Lannig  G. Naevdal  A. Nedenes  G. Nyhammer  F. J. Sartoris  I. Serendero  P. Sirabella  S. Thorkildsen  M. Zakhartsev 《Continental Shelf Research》2001,21(18-19)

Effects of global warming on animal distribution and performance become visible in many marine ecosystems. The present study was designed to develop a concept for a cause and effect understanding with respect to temperature changes and to explain ecological findings based on physiological processes. The concept is based on a wide comparison of invertebrate and fish species with a special focus on recent data obtained in two model species of fish. These fish species are both characterized by northern and southern distribution limits in the North Atlantic: eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), as a typical non-migrating inhabitant of the coastal zone and the cod (Gadus morhua), as a typical inhabitant of the continental shelf with a high importance for fisheries.Mathematical modelling demonstrates a clear significant correlation between climate induced temperature fluctuations and the recruitment of cod stocks. Growth performance in cod is optimal at temperatures close to 10°C, regardless of the population investigated in a latitudinal cline. However, temperature specific growth rates decrease at higher latitudes. Also, fecundity is less in White Sea than in North and Baltic Sea cod or eelpout populations. These findings suggest that a cold-induced shift in energy budget occurs which is unfavorable for growth performance and fecundity. Thermal tolerance limits shift depending on latitude and are characterized by oxygen limitation at both low or high temperatures. Oxygen supply to tissues is optimized at low temperature by a shift in hemoglobin isoforms and oxygen binding properties to lower affinities and higher unloading potential. Protective stimulation of heat shock protein synthesis was not observed.According to a recent model of thermal tolerance the downward shift of tolerance limits during cold adaptation is associated with rising mitochondrial densities and, thus, aerobic capacity and performance in the cold, especially in eurythermal species. At the same time the costs of mitochondrial maintenance reflected by mitochondrial proton leakage should rise leaving a lower energy fraction for growth and reproduction. The preliminary conclusion can be drawn that warming will cause a northern shift of distribution limits for both species with a rise in growth performance and fecundity larger than expected from the Q₁₀ effect in the north and lower growth or even extinction of the species in the south. Such a shift may heavily affect fishing activities in the North Sea.  相似文献   

Short-term temperature and salinity variations in the Tsushima Strait in 2004: Behavior of the surface low-salinity water in the strait     

Kosuke Mori  Takeshi Matsuno  Tomoharu Senjyu  Naoki Hirose  In-Seong Han 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(3):301-310

Temporal variations in temperature and salinity observed in 2004 were investigated on a short time scale in the Tsushima Strait. The data were obtained by long-term in situ measurements at Mitsushima and Futaoi Island using an instrument equipped with a piston-type wiper to avoid biofouling. In addition, the temperature and salinity values of the surface layer obtained by a commercial ferryboat between Hakata and Busan were used to investigate their spatiotemporal variations. Temperature and salinity variations with a time scale of several days had a negative correlation in the summer. This evidence suggests that a warm and less saline water mass, which is considered to be mainly the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW), flowed intermittently through the Tsushima Strait in summer. In late July 2004, a large low-salinity water mass was detected in the Tsushima Strait. At that time, the freshwater transport through the Tsushima Strait transiently reached about 12 × 10⁴ m³s⁻¹, which is estimated from observed acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data along a ferryboat line and inferred salinity profiles. This estimated value is more than double the maximum of the climatological monthly mean of the Changjiang discharge. Furthermore, salinity and surface current data obtained by high frequency ocean radar (HF radar) indicate that water properties at Mitsushima may occasionally represent part of the water flowing through the western channel via a countercurrent, although Mitsushima is geographically located in the eastern channel.  相似文献   

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)低盐耐受性和体重的遗传参数估计及其相关分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢少坤  李荣华  母昌考  宋微微  郑维兵  王春琳 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(5):1040-1045

为评估三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)体重及其低盐耐受性遗传力,本实验构建了20个三疣梭子蟹全同胞家系,分别在其60、90养殖日龄测量其各个家系的体重,并在60日龄时取每个家系90个个体,在盐度4胁迫下分别在12h、24h、48h、72h统计其死亡率,作为衡量其盐度耐受性指标。利用全同胞方差组分分析法评估其低盐耐受性及体重遗传参数。结果发现三疣梭子蟹在60日龄下,其体重遗传力为0.45,其在12h、24h、48h、72h处理条件低盐耐受性遗传力分别为0.13、0.18、0.21、0.29。通过聚类分析的方法将其耐受性状分为3类,并通过相关性分析发现三疣梭子蟹生长性状与低盐耐受性性状的相关系数为0.143,检验并不显著(P=0.547),说明三疣梭子蟹生长性状与耐低盐性状并不相关,在选育时可采用复合选育,提高育种效率。  相似文献   

斑马鱼GSTM单核苷酸多态性与低温耐受性的相关分析     

王倩  尤锋  辛梦娇  胡金伟  谭训刚 《海洋科学》2015,39(1):1-7

为分析谷胱甘肽硫-转移酶M基因(glutathione S-transferases M,GSTM)与鱼类低温耐受性的相关性,本实验运用PCR-SSCP技术研究了130尾斑马鱼(Danio rerio)GSTM基因5?UTR、3?UTR和第一内含子序列的单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs),同时分析了筛选到的基因型与其低温耐受性状的关联性。结果显示,在其5UTR区域检测到AB、BC、AC 3种基因型个体,共A、B、C 3个等位基因,其观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别是1.000和0.570,多态信息含量为0.472,所检测群体在该座位偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡;第1内含子中检测到DD、DE和EE 3种基因型个体,共D、E两个等位基因,其观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.408和0.477,多态信息含量为0.362,群体在该座位符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。3'UTR区域中没有发现多态性。上述2个SNP座位与斑马鱼低温耐受性状的关联分析结果表明,5'UTR区3种基因型与低温耐受性状均没有显著相关性(χ2=4.029,P0.05)。而第1内含子3种基因型与低温耐受性状显著相关(χ2=8.498,P0.05):DD基因型在耐低温群体中占优势(50.00%),并表现为对受低温胁迫斑马鱼的保护性因素(OR=0.520,95%CI=0.255–1.061),而DE基因型在不耐低温群体中占优势(51.31%),表现为低温胁迫下斑马鱼的危险因素(OR=3.012,95%CI=1.413–6.419)。研究结果为GSTM基因SNPs位点与斑马鱼低温耐受性能关联分析提供了依据,也将为海水经济鱼类抗寒标记筛选育种提供参考。  相似文献   

红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)耐低温相关微卫星标记的初步筛选     

袁晨浩  刘志峰  马爱军 《海洋科学》2022,46(2):97-104

采用微卫星结合混合群体分离分析法技术（SSR-BSA）对红鳍东方鲀群体进行耐低温相关微卫星标记的筛选。首先对300尾红鳍东方鲀幼鱼进行低温处理,分别获得34尾耐低温（S组）和不耐低温个体（D组）。分别在两组中随机挑选15尾提取基因组DNA,构建耐低温和不耐低温DNA混池,然后用148对微卫星引物对其进行扫描。结果发现4个标记（fms45、fms82、fms100和fms182）在耐低温和不耐低温DNA混池中扩增出差异条带。用S组和D组全部个体对4个标记进行单个体验证,结果显示由fms100扩增,携带有116 bp条带的个体在S组和D组的出现频率分别是53%和18%,132 bp条带的出现频率分别是59%（S组）、24%（D组）;由fms182扩增,携带有125 bp的个体在S组和D组出现的频率分别是12%和35%,经卡方检验P值均小于0.05,差异显著。本文关于红鳍东方鲀耐低温分子标记的报道,为研究红鳍东方鲀耐低温的遗传基础以及相关分子机制提供了依据,也为开展红鳍东方鲀耐低温分子标记辅助选育提供了良好的基础。  相似文献   

缢蛏耐高盐性能及其与生长性状的相关性分析     

陈义华  牛东红  董志国  李家乐 《海洋科学》2022,46(10):51-58

缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)是我国重要的水产经济贝类,开展耐高盐新品种选育对平衡不同地区缢蛏良种养殖意义重大。本研究对不同家系缢蛏幼贝进行高盐胁迫,运用统计学方法和相关性分析探究了缢蛏耐高盐性能及其与生长性状的相关性。结果显示,缢蛏家系间壳长、壳高、壳宽和体质量表型值差异较大,体质量变异系数达15.53%。不同家系对高盐耐受性差异较大,家系间死亡率范围在0~100%。胁迫实验共持续9d,各家系缢蛏首粒死亡时间在第1~9d之间,而且死亡率较高的家系内缢蛏死亡时间离散程度较大,说明不同个体间高盐耐受性差异也较大。缢蛏开始出现大量死亡的时间主要在胁迫后第8d,第9d部分家系死亡率高于80%,说明缢蛏对高盐耐受存在一个阈值,超过该阈值会开始或大量死亡。皮尔逊和斯皮尔曼相关性分析显示,缢蛏存活时间和生长性状为正相关,其中存活时间与缢蛏壳长、体质量相关性均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。缢蛏存活率与体质量、生长速度均显著正相关(P<0.05)。整体而言,壳长较长和体质量较重的缢蛏个体耐高盐性能较强,在高盐环境中具有生长优势。本研究揭示了缢蛏的高盐耐受性及其与生长性状的相关性,为缢蛏耐高盐选育工作提供了重要的参考依据。  相似文献   

坛紫菜耐低盐品系的选育与特性分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

檀应华  黄林彬  严兴洪 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(3):504-512

本实验室采用人工诱变技术获得一个坛紫菜耐低盐品系(YZ-7),为了验证该品系的耐低盐性状能否遗传,本文对其壳孢子和F1叶状体的低盐耐受性分别进行了测试,并以坛紫菜野生品系(WT)作为对照,结果表明:在不同盐度下培养2周的YZ-7和WT的壳孢子,在26盐度组存活率无显著差异;在15盐度组,YZ-7的壳孢子存活率和假根发生率分别比WT提高了34%和35%;在8和5盐度组,YZ-7的壳孢子存活率、分裂率及假根发生率分别比WT提高了65%、32%和62%,以及137%、80%和154%;在3盐度组,YZ-7的壳孢子存活率和分裂率分别比WT提高了458%和171%,其中约44.9%的YZ-7壳孢子萌发体能形成假根,而WT的壳孢子萌发体基本上不长假根。在26盐度中培养35d后的F1叶状体再分别在26、15、8、5和3盐度下培养30d,YZ-7叶状体的特定生长率分别为WT的1.7、1.9、1.5、1.6和1.6倍,绝对生长率分别是WT的3.4、4.1、1.8、2.0和1.6倍。此外,YZ-7叶状体的叶绿素荧光活性(PSⅡ最大光量子产量、实际光量子产量)及三种主要光合色素(叶绿素a、藻红蛋白和藻蓝蛋白)的含量也明显高于WT。上述结果证实,坛紫菜选育品系YZ-7是一个耐低盐且生长快的优良品系,其优良性状可稳定传递给下一代,有望被培育成适宜栽培的新品种。  相似文献