GPS网中已知点粗差探测时限差的研究     

伊晓东杨耀宇  郭英起 《东北测绘》2008,31(1):4-5,16

在利用附合导线法对GPS网中已知点的可靠性进行检核时,本文对如何合理地、客观地确定限差,以达到有效检核的目的进行了探讨,提出了检核限差标准。并结合实例进行计算和分析,成功地剔除了含有粗差的已知点。  相似文献   

风蚀容忍量研究进展及其若干问题的探讨   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

孟祥亮  严平  宋阳  杨秀春  吴晓 《中国沙漠》2005,25(3):315-319

土壤风蚀是造成沙漠化的首要环节。长期以来,由于没有制定一个合理的风蚀控制临界值,土地利用和土壤风蚀防治之间的矛盾非常突出,风蚀控制措施收效不大。风蚀容忍量(T值)的研究,为风蚀控制提供了一个标准。在确定T值时,应该首先对风蚀地区进行分区,根据不同地区的情况和要求制定相应的T值标准,同时进行投入与产出的对比,制定T值的一个合理的阈值,使其随着我国经济的发展而逐步降低,从而使T值标准具有更强的实用性与适应性;在基于T值标准的风蚀防治措施的实施保障方面,除了要把它纳入法律轨道外,还需要制定相应的政策引导当地居民将之转化为脱贫致富的自觉行为,并建立生态资产补偿制度。  相似文献   

干旱胁迫下钠复合肥对霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)根系生长的促进作用     

王春梅  夏曾润  张金林  包爱科  周向睿  岳利军  王锁民 《中国沙漠》2014,34(2):405-412

霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)是荒漠区广为分布的一种多浆旱生植物。采用盆栽育苗的方法,初步评价了干旱胁迫下Na+对霸王根系生长的贡献,探讨了一种新型钠复合肥对霸王根系形态、生理学指标的影响。结果显示,钠复合肥能显著促进霸王根系的生长并提高其抗旱性:(1)正常浇水时,钠复合肥对霸王的促进作用主要体现在株高的增加和侧根的增长上,根系活力显著增强;(2)自然干旱15d后,钠复合肥使得霸王根系活跃吸收面积显著提高24%,促进主根的加粗和伸长以吸收更多的水分和矿质养分;(3)干旱胁迫下,钠复合肥处理使霸王根部Na+浓度保持较高水平,K+浓度下降42%。因此认为,干旱前钠复合肥显著促进了霸王侧根的生长和根系活力的提高,干旱后钠复合肥通过促进根系活跃吸收面积的扩大和主根的生长以提高霸王的抗旱性,其主要原因是根和叶中积累了较多的Na+、而非K+。  相似文献   

九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)耐低盐与生长性状的遗传参数评估   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

蒋湘  刘建勇  赖志服 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(3):542-547

采用不平衡巢式设计方法和人工授精技术,1个雄九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)配3个雌九孔鲍,建立12个半同胞家系和36个全同胞家系,各家系养殖240d后统计每个家系生长性状,并分别从所建立36家系中随机选取40个稚鲍,在盐度16下进行耐盐实验,48h后统计各个家系的存活率,应用约束最大似然法(Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method,REML)估算九孔鲍体重,壳宽,壳长与耐低盐性状的遗传参数。结果表明,九孔鲍稚鲍在240日龄时,壳长、壳宽和体重遗传力为中等遗传力,估计值分别为0.18±0.04,0.13±0.06,0.18±0.15;耐低盐性状遗传力较低,估计值为0.056±0.022,48h家系的平均存活率为0.44±0.23。壳长,壳宽,体重与耐低盐性状的表型相关与遗传相关系数分别为?0.04—?0.156和?0.03—0.14,呈负相关关系,检验不显著。结果证明,对九孔鲍生长性状与耐低盐性状进行改良时,可采用复合育种技术,以加快育种进程。  相似文献   

Evaluation of brine discharge to rivers and streams: Methodology of rapid impact assessment     

Dirk Böhme 《Limnologica》2011,41(2):80-89

Induced by a brine discharge study for a submerse gas storage cavern project, a suitable methodology for rapid impact assessment had to be found. In this paper a simple stochastic, stationary model is described for assessment of intensity and temporal variability of chloride pollution at the regional scale of the rivershed. Chloride concentration is used as a proxy of salinity. It is assumed to be the result of deterministic process (flow-dependent) and stochastic variation (estimated for boundary conditions and tributaries by an additive error term based on PERT distribution). This approach is suited to conduct Monte Carlo simulations in order to calculate long-time means and percentiles of the prospective in-stream chloride concentration (exposure model). The biocoenoses exposed to this pollution has to be evaluated in terms of chloride tolerance. Herefore Maximum Field Distributions (MFD) of relevant species (aquatic macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, fish) were compiled and merged to Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs). Critical aspects of MFD data quality are discussed. Chloride model simulations representing different discharge scenarios provide exposure parameters (e.g. 90th percentile) that can be compared with SSD-derived protection levels (e.g. maximum loss of 10% of taxa) to quantify and evaluate possible adverse effects as well as potential recolonisation in case of load removal. Crosslinks to conservation issues are relevant in the selection and position of rare or protected species in the SSD. As an analysis of the German legal framework and technical guidelines revealed lack of guidance and best practices for such assessment and impact evaluation, recent experience highlights serious needs in applied research.  相似文献   

加里曼丹岛西北侧低盐水季节变化及机理分析     

谢华伟 《海洋学研究》2011,29(2):1-11

利用LEVITUS温盐资料、HOAPS降水及蒸发资料以及OFES模式资料等分析加里曼丹岛西北侧表层低盐水的季节变化规律,并使用盐度平衡模式诊断了海面淡水通量、径流、卷挟作用以及平流作用对低盐水变化的贡献.分析表明:加里曼丹西北侧全年均存在1个低盐水团,其季节变化具有"双峰"特征,3月至4月以及10月至11月会发生2次低...  相似文献   

Are ferns in arid environments underestimated? Contribution from the Saharan Mountains     

F. Anthelme  A. Abdoulkader 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(6):516-523

Although ferns are able to colonize dry regions through specific adaptations, they are suggested to be rare in arid environments. By comparing recent observations in the South-Saharan Mountains with existing data from the whole Sahara, we re-evaluated the distribution of the understudied Saharan fern diversity. Observations in the Aïr Mountains (Niger) from 2003 to 2006 identified six ferns species, among which three were new records for the Aïr and for Niger. A total of 17 species are currently known from the Sahara. The desiccation tolerant Actiniopteris radiata and Cheilanthes coriacea were located in habitats with abiotic refuges providing shade, whereas the drought avoiding Ophioglossum polyphyllum was found in a sandy highland plain. All were growing in isolated populations at elevations above 1600 m. These results, combined with data from the Hoggar and the Tibesti mountains, indicate that ferns are more frequent than initially thought in arid environments thanks to efficient dispersal, elevation refuges, physiological adaptations, and the presence of local abiotic refuges. The three newly recorded species most likely radiated from the Ethiopian highlands. Their deep isolation, their rarity, and their successful adaptation to drought suggest that their conservation status might be particularly high.  相似文献   

Bounding the required sample size for geologic site characterization     

Randal J. Barnes 《Mathematical Geology》1988,20(5):477-490

The proposed objective of limited sample geologic site characterization is to minimize the chance of unknown and unexpected extremes. This problem proves to be extremely difficult when the data are spatially correlated. A generalization of the classical one-sided nonparametric tolerance interval, based upon the statistical concept of associated random variables, establishes a rigorous, almost distribution-free, tool for computing the minimum required sample size for site characterization. An upper bound on the required number of samples follows from a heuristic measure for the quantity of information in a spatially dependent sample; the measure presented is the equivalent number of uncorrelated samples and is calculated using an estimated variogram. An empirical check of the upper and lower bounds, using more than 2 million simulations and seven real data sets produces a heuristic rule for quantifying the required number of samples.This paper was presented at Emerging Concepts, MGUS-87 Conference, Redwood City, California, 13–15 April 1987.  相似文献   

日像仪的电磁干扰分析     

王威  陈志军  刘玉英  颜毅华  姬国枢 《天文研究与技术》2006,3(2):176-182

讨论了日像仪的干扰容限，列出了干扰源分布，估算出干扰测试仪灵敏度。计算了同步卫星干扰及干扰时间预测，也分析了中低轨道卫星干扰问题。对移动通信基站产生的干扰作了传播分析、计算，对脉冲雷达干扰作了谱分析及保守计算。  相似文献   

盐度对北极海冰细菌生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

林学政  沈继红  何培青 《极地研究》2005,16(2):121-126

从中国第二次北极科学考察采集的海冰样品中分离到8种细菌,研究了盐度对其生长的影响。结果表明,8株海冰细菌对盐度有着广泛的适应性,在盐度为30-90的范围内均可较快生长,其中菌株BJ2、BJ3和BJ7的盐耐受性较强。进一步的研究表明,BJ2、BJ3和BJ7在0-150 的盐度范围内均有不同程度的生长,盐度为0-30时,菌株的生长最快;盐度为180时,这三株菌株也均有短暂的生长。随着盐度的增加,三株菌株生长的延迟期增加,到达生长稳定期的时间也相应增加。温度对菌株BJ2、BJ3和BJ7的盐耐受性也有着一定的影响,随着温度的升高, 菌株的生长速度变慢,但盐耐受性有所增加。  相似文献