广西防城港东湾红树林污损动物的种类组成与数量分布特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

庆宁  林岳光 《热带海洋学报》2004,23(1):64-68

对白骨壤(Avicennia marina)树上的污损动物进行了定性和定量调查。共采得污损动物9种。以白条地藤壶(Euraphia withersi)和潮间藤壶(Balanus littoralis)在多数采样点的附着密度最高，但二者在树上的分布有明显的差异；团聚牡蛎(Ostrea glomerata)分布最广，是惟一～种在各采样点均能采到的污损动物；黑养麦蛤(Xenostrobus atraus)主要分布在树干和较粗的枝条上，其密度在向海林缘达到最大，超过牡蛎和藤壶的附着密度。污损动物附着高度与树高的比值(h：H)，主干、枝条和叶片上附着的污损动物总量均随林带离岸距离增大而增大，呈明显的变化趋势。  相似文献   

海底甲烷冷泉特征与冷泉生态系统的群落结构   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈忠  杨华平  黄奇瑜  陆钧  颜文 《热带海洋学报》2007,26(6):73-82

海底冷泉及冷泉生态系统是现代海洋地质学和生物学研究的前沿领域,它提升了人类对深海资源的认识和利用,拓展了深海极端环境下生命的潜在界线。综述了海底甲烷冷泉的成因、冷泉喷发的类型及其特征,海底冷泉分布、形成的主要阶段(150—100Ma BP,42—28Ma BP和12Ma BP以来)以及指示海底冷泉系统的简要特征;综述了冷泉化能自养生态系统及其食物链构成和特征,专性种、潜在专性种和非专性种的生物组成及其特征,冷泉环境中有孔虫和轻小型底栖动物的主要变化;最后划分了我国近海的冷泉区(点)并简要介绍它们的分布和特征,为开展我国近海冷泉及其冷泉生物群落的调查和研究提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

红树林区底栖动物污染生态学研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

马丽  蔡立哲  袁东星 《台湾海峡》2003,22(1):113-119

综述了底栖动物污染生态学研究的现状。目前有关底栖动物的污染生态学研究主要有以下几个方面：（1）污染物在底栖动物体中含量测定及一些污染物在底栖动物中累积分布的研究。（2）污染物对底栖动物生理特性影响的研究。（3）污染物如城市污水对底栖动物群落的影响研究。（4）底栖动物在水质和底质污染中的监测应用。分别综合和评述了红树林底栖动物污染生态学在重金属、城市污水和有机物污染对红树林区底栖动物的生态效应等方面的研究现状。提出今后红树林区底栖动物污染生态学的研究，应着重生态毒理学和实验生态学的研究。  相似文献   

A critical review of the potential impacts of marine seismic surveys on fish & invertebrates     

A.G. Carroll  R. Przeslawski  A. Duncan  M. Gunning  B. Bruce 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):9-24

Marine seismic surveys produce high intensity, low-frequency impulsive sounds at regular intervals, with most sound produced between 10 and 300 Hz. Offshore seismic surveys have long been considered to be disruptive to fisheries, but there are few ecological studies that target commercially important species, particularly invertebrates. This review aims to summarise scientific studies investigating the impacts of low-frequency sound on marine fish and invertebrates, as well as to critically evaluate how such studies may apply to field populations exposed to seismic operations. We focus on marine seismic surveys due to their associated unique sound properties (i.e. acute, low-frequency, mobile source locations), as well as fish and invertebrates due to the commercial value of many species in these groups. The main challenges of seismic impact research are the translation of laboratory results to field populations over a range of sound exposure scenarios and the lack of sound exposure standardisation which hinders the identification of response thresholds. An integrated multidisciplinary approach to manipulative and in situ studies is the most effective way to establish impact thresholds in the context of realistic exposure levels, but if that is not practical the limitations of each approach must be carefully considered.  相似文献   

Stationary underwater cameras assess more efficiently clear-water mangrove fish assemblages: A comparison of non-extractive techniques     

José Amorim Reis-Filho  Tommaso Giarrizzo  Francisco Barros 《Marine Ecology》2020,41(4):e12597

Research in aquatic ecology requires adequate sampling designs if the underlying processes that govern population and community dynamics are to be understood. Adequate sampling design is particularly important for organisms inhabiting environments such as mangroves. Thus, collecting quantitative ecological data remains a major challenge. Here, we analysed the structural and temporal dynamics of a tidal cycle and mangrove fish assemblages at 15 sites along the Brazilian central coast. Specifically, we used two non-extractive sampling techniques, which included stationary underwater visual census (s-UVC) and stationary underwater wide-camera census (s-UWC). Our results showed that by reducing potential observer effects, the s-UWC protocol maximized fish counts, yielding more accurate and precise estimates. In contrast, although the s-UVC technique was a useful approach, this technique did not yield precise density and richness estimates. Furthermore, the negative effect associated with the presence of an observer (i.e., diver) was a significant constraint to the observer-based technique. Furthermore, the methods were more similar for the high tide samples and more divergent for the flood tide and ebb tide samples. These pronounced divergences among tidal periods allowed the application of a temporal mixed-sampling protocol (i.e., unbalanced temporal samples) based on s-UWC without the loss of statistical power. Methodological gains also were felt with a reduction in the costs associated with the presence of a trained observer in water and overcoming of constraints positively related to depth limitations. Overall, the s-UWC protocol adequately captures species using different stages of the tide to enter the mangroves.  相似文献   

An endemic brachiopod fauna from the Middle Ordovician of North Wales     

D. A. T. Harper  P. J. Brenchley 《Geological Journal》1993,28(1):21-36

The brachiopod fauna from the base of the Bryn Siltstone Formation (middle Caradoc), Glyn Ceiriog, north Berwyn Hills, North Wales, consists of Platystrophia elevata sp. nov., Salopia abbreviata sp. nov., Kiaeromena ungula (M'Coy) and unnamed species of Hesperorthis?, Reuschella and Bicuspina. The dominant brachiopod species, Leptaena (Leptagonia) ungula M'Coy, 1851 is revised and its current assignment to the leptaenid genus Kiaeromena confirmed, based on the examination of type and topotype material from the Bryn Siltstone Formation. Kiaeromena spjeldnaesi nom. nov. is proposed to replace the junior homonym K. ungula Spjeldnæs, 1957 for that congeneric species from the upper Caradoc rocks of Ringerike, southern Norway. The fauna as a whole is unusual within the context of the Anglo-Welsh province and may represent a rare preserved nearshore community.  相似文献   

太湖鱼类区系变化和渔获物分析   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6  

朱松泉  刘正文  谷孝鸿 《湖泊科学》2007,19(6):664-669

20世纪80年代之前,太湖有鱼类107种、25科,属4个生态类型:洄游型、江湖洄游型、河流型和湖沼型.自2002年9月至2006年1月进行了太湖鱼类采集,共采得鱼类60种、18科.其中,除放流的鱼类外,都能在封闭的湖泊环境中完成生命周期(湖沼生态型);团头鲂、鲮、银鲫和尼罗罗非鱼属移植种类.团头鲂、鳙、鲢、草鱼和青鱼是从20世纪60年代起每年向湖中放流的鱼类;鳗鲡则是自1976年起放流从长江采捕的鳗苗.20世纪50年末至1985年,长江和太湖之间人为隔断,不能在静水中繁殖的鱼类在湖中消失,自然鱼类资源下降;加上过度捕捞和对繁殖群体缺少保护,导致鱼类群体小型化.最后,对太湖渔业资源的优化进行了讨论,并进一步提出对策.  相似文献   

Dispersant Use and a Bioremediation Strategy as Alternate Means of Reducing Impacts of Large Oil Spills on Mangroves: The Gladstone Field Trials   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Norman C Duke  Kathryn A Burns  Richard P.J Swannell  Otto Dalhaus  Roland J Rupp 《Marine pollution bulletin》2000,41(7-12):403-412

Over a three-year period (1995–1998), we studied short-term effects of dispersant use and a bioremediation strategy in two consecutive field trials in sub-tropical Australian mangroves. In each case, weathered oil was applied, and a large spill simulated, in mature Rhizophora stylosa trees around 4–9 m tall. In the first trial, we used Gippsland light crude oil with or without dispersant, Corexit 9527. In the second, a bioremediation strategy followed application of Gippsland oil or Bunker C fuel oil. Bioremediation involved forced aeration with supplemental application of nutrients. Dispersant use had an overall positive benefit shown as reduced tree mortality. By contrast, there was no apparent reduction in mortality of trees with bioremediation. However, one year after oiling, leaf densities of surviving trees were greater in bioremediation plots than in controls, and less in oil-only plots. These and other results have been incorporated into spill response management strategies in Australia.  相似文献   

Fish fauna recovery in a newly re-flooded Mediterranean coastal lagoon     

Emmanuil Koutrakis  Georgios Sylaios  Nikolaos Kamidis  Dimitrios Markou  Argyris Sapounidis 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):505-515

Drana Lagoon, located at the NW site of Evros River Delta, was drained in 1987 and re-flooded in 2004 within the framework of an integrated wetland restoration project. This study presents the results of a monitoring program of the lagoon's oceanographic, water quality and fish fauna characteristics, during the pre- and post-restoration period. Results depict the presence of high salinity water (up to 41) due to seawater intrusion, strong evaporation in its interior and inadequate freshwater inflows. Overall, nutrient levels were low depicting local changes. Tidal variability at the mouth was approximately 0.2 m, producing high velocity tidal currents (up to 0.75 m/s). Eleven fish fauna species were collected; seven species were caught in both the inlet channel and the lagoon during the pre-restoration period and nine species in the post-restoration period. Atherina boyeri (37.6%) and Pomatoschistus marmoratus (31.7%) dominated the lagoon during the post-restoration period. Most of the A. boyeri specimens (88.5%) were caught inside the lagoon, while P. marmoratus had an almost equal distribution in the inlet channel and the lagoon (56.3% and 43.7% respectively). The presence of species of the Mugilidae family (5.2% total average catches after lagoon re-flooding) was mainly in the inlet channel (12.6% of the average catches) and not inside the lagoon (only 1.3% of the average catches). The small number of fish species inhabiting the lagoon might be the result of the recent restoration or it could be related with the increased water flow observed at the lagoon mouth during the flood and ebb tidal phases, and also in the presence of a smooth bank in the concrete waterspout that connects the entrance channel with the lagoon. The limited presence of the Mugilidae juveniles inside the lagoon could be related to the prevailing tidal inlet dynamics (i.e. strong ebb flow at lagoon inlet), thus preventing the species to enter the lagoon. In order to restore the lagoon environment, careful and gradual steps should be undertaken under the basis of continuous monitoring of hydrologic, environmental and fisheries system's status.  相似文献   

Temporal changes in benthic communities of seagrass beds impacted by a tsunami in the Andaman Sea,Thailand     

Napakhwan Whanpetch  Masahiro Nakaoka  Hiroshi Mukai  Takao Suzuki  Satoshi Nojima  Takashi Kawai  Chittima Aryuthaka 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Seagrass beds are susceptible to various natural and human-induced disturbances. Disturbances affect not only seagrasses, but also the abundance and diversity of associated macrofaunal communities. The Andaman Sea coast of Thailand was heavily affected by the tsunami of December 26, 2004. To examine its impact on seagrass macrofaunal communities, we compared the abundance, diversity and taxa composition by quantitative samplings in 2001 (before the tsunami) and in 2005 and 2006 (after the tsunami). Macrobenthic animals and sediments were collected from vegetated and nonvegetated areas of two sites that had received different levels of tsunami disturbances. A large decline in abundance and diversity was observed in the nonvegetated areas after the tsunami, whereas an increase was observed in the vegetated areas. The magnitude of decline and subsequent recovery of abundance and diversity of macrobenthic animals in nonvegetated areas were similar between the two sites, suggesting that their temporal changes were not solely related to the magnitude of the tsunami disturbance. Similarity of the benthic animals differed greatly between 2001 and 2005–2006 at the nonvegetated areas, whereas it varied less among the 3 years at the seagrass-vegetated areas. This study demonstrated that the presence of seagrass vegetation alters the patterns of temporal variation in macrofaunal assemblages and subsequent recovery processes following a tsunami.  相似文献