西昆仑玛尔坎苏石炭纪大型锰矿带构造背景与成矿条件     

张连昌  张帮禄  董志国  谢月桥  李文君  彭自栋  朱明田  王长乐 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(5):1340-1357

西昆仑北段玛尔坎苏地区探明的大型碳酸锰成矿带,是我国近年最重要的找矿成果之一。该锰矿带构造上属北昆仑晚古生代弧后伸展盆地,其构造动力学背景为古特提斯洋向北俯冲于塔里木地块之下形成的弧盆体系。锰矿体主要发育于晚石炭世喀拉阿特河组含炭泥质灰岩夹薄层灰岩中。矿石中主要金属矿物为菱锰矿（75%~95%）,次为软锰矿、硫锰矿及少量黄铁矿等。含锰岩系岩性和岩相学研究表明,玛尔坎苏锰矿带属典型的海相沉积锰矿床,其矿床成因可能与晚古生代半局限盆地沉积和海底热液活动有关。海底热液活动可能为成矿提供了丰富的物质来源。含锰岩系元素和同位素地球化学特征表明,玛尔坎苏锰矿沉淀时的水体环境为常氧条件,而矿层下盘（部分）岩系的岩性及地球化学特征反映其沉积时的水体环境为低氧—贫氧条件。玛尔坎苏锰矿带锰矿石具有负的δ¹³C值（-23.3‰~-10.0‰）,推测有机质导致的还原作用是该锰矿由原生氧化锰在成岩期转化为菱锰矿和形成富锰矿的重要机制。  相似文献   

西昆仑穆呼锰矿床地质特征、控矿因素及成矿模式     

董志国  张连昌  董飞羽  张帮禄  谢月桥  查斌  彭自栋  王长乐 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(5):1358-1372

穆呼锰矿床位于西昆仑造山带玛尔坎苏锰矿带东段,研究程度相对薄弱。穆呼锰矿床的含矿地层为上石炭统喀拉阿特河组,自下而上可分为角砾灰岩、钙质杂砂岩和含炭质泥灰岩3个岩性段,具有完整的海侵层序特征,反映了由逐步断陷到稳定沉积的盆地演化过程。锰矿层赋存于第三岩性段炭质泥灰岩中,矿石矿物主要为化学组分纯净的泥晶菱锰矿。根据详细的矿相学观察并综合前人研究成果,笔者认为菱锰矿是初始沉淀的锰（氢）氧化物与有机质通过成岩反应形成的。这种成矿机制需要3个基本条件：丰富的锰质来源、氧化还原分层的海水和有机质的大量埋藏。在穆呼一带,有利于满足以上条件的主要控矿因素包括：伸展拉张的构造背景、强烈的海底热液活动、海侵事件和温暖潮湿的古气候。笔者根据w（Ba）-w（P₂O₅）图解并结合区域对比分析,初步认为穆呼锰矿床的成矿模式可能属于最小含氧量带扩张型。  相似文献   

沉积碳酸锰矿床研究进展及有待深入探讨的若干问题   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

董志国  张连昌  王长乐  张帮禄  彭自栋  朱明田  冯京  谢月桥 《矿床地质》2020,39(2):237-255

表生环境中存在2种机制可以形成碳酸锰矿物:①从缺氧海水中直接沉淀;②先在氧化海水中形成锰氧化物,随后在埋藏过程中通过成岩作用转化为碳酸锰。目前,主流观点认为只有通过第二种机制才可以形成碳酸锰矿床,并在此基础上提出了极端地质事件(如大氧化事件、雪球事件)、闭塞盆地、最小含氧带扩张等成矿模型,近年来同时强调微生物活动、底层水氧化持续时间在成矿中发挥关键作用。沉积碳酸锰成矿不仅与古大气组分、古海洋状态、初级生产力、海底热液活动等多个圈层的耦合作用关系密切,同时也会影响多种生命元素(C、N、S、P等)和氧化还原敏感元素(U、V、Mo、Tl等)的表生循环,因此富碳酸锰的沉积岩是探讨古环境及海洋元素循环的重要载体。目前在沉积碳酸锰成矿理论方面有待深入探讨的问题包括:①碳酸锰直接沉淀成矿的可能性与有效性;②锰质来源与铁锰分离机制的识别;③主要控矿因素的识别及其时空演化规律;④矿石矿物组合及矿床地球化学对成岩精细过程的制约。  相似文献   

Petrography and geochemistry of manganiferous rocks in the Mankwadzi area in the southern Kibi‐Winneba metavolcanic belt,Ghana: Implications for genesis of Mn formations in the Birimian of West Africa     

Kwabina Ibrahim  Frank K. Nyame  Thomas Armah  Johnson Manu  Jeff Baah‐Acheamfour  Jacob Tigme 《Island Arc》2020,29(1)

Manganiferous rocks in the Mankwadzi area in the southernmost portion of the Kibi‐Winneba metavolcanic belt, one of several Mn occurrences in the Paleoproterozoic Birimian of Ghana, are hosted in hornblende schist and amphibolite. These rocks are, in places, intruded by hornblende dyke. In outcrop, the manganiferous rocks appear to be conformable with the host schist and amphibolite, are macroscopically dark, fine‐grained and structurally massive to distinctly banded. Observed alternating light and dark occasionally macro‐folded bands suggest post‐depositional deformation of both light and dark bands. Microscopic observations revealed that the light bands are dominantly Si‐rich and the dark bands mainly of opaque minerals. Whole rock analyses of the manganiferous rocks show high contents of MnO (16.75–27.4 wt%) suggesting that the opaque minerals are likely rich in Mn. The analyzed rock samples show moderate to strong enrichments in light rare earth elements compared to heavy rare earth elements. Whereas the manganiferous rocks show perceptibly negative Eu anomaly, host hornblende schist and hornblende dyke do not. Eu anomaly in amphibolite samples is, however, uncertain as the three samples analyzed gave positive, negative and no Eu anomalies. Based on the field characteristics, microscopic and geochemical features, we suggest that the Mn occurrence in the Mankwadzi area originated via sedimentary deposition and was later modified by metamorphism, hydrothermal and/or supergene processes similar to manganiferous occurrences at Nsuta and Tambao in the Birimian of West Africa.  相似文献   

Peroxymonosulfate Improves the Activity and Stability of Manganese Oxide for Oxidation of Arsenite to Arsenate     

Yong Liu  Fen Zhang  Jingtao Hou  William Hartley 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2020,48(2)

Manganese oxide has been widely investigated for oxidation of arsenite (As(III)) to arsenate (As(V)) due to its high redox potential; however, it becomes extremely unstable after reuse. Here, As(III) oxidation activity and stability of manganese oxide in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is investigated. Batch experimental results reveal that manganese oxide/PMS exhibits high catalytic activity for As(III) oxidation compared to manganese oxide or PMS alone. Addition of PMS to manganese oxide not only reveals long‐term stability for As(III) oxidation, but also shows high As(III) oxidation activity in the presence of coexisting ions such as As(V) and phosphate. Quenching tests reveal that As(III) oxidation in the manganese oxide/PMS system is attributed to activation of PMS by manganese oxide at different oxidation states (Mn(III) and Mn(IV)), and the generation of sulfate radicals that are responsible for As(III) oxidation.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Bacillus sp. among the biofilm forming community on Ti surface in marine environment     

PRIYA Chokkalingam  ARAVIND Ganessin  THILAGARAJ Wilson Richard 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(6):89-94

Prevalence of bacterial species involved in biomineralization of manganese on titanium (Ti) surfaces in marine environment was revealed in this research work. This study involves one year sea water exposure of Ti and their periodical biofilm characterization was carried out to quantify the manganese oxidizing bacterial (MOB) presence in the biofilm formed on titanium surfaces. The total viable count study of Ti coupons exposed to sea water for one year resulted in 60% of the MOB in overall biofilm population. The biochemical characterization of MOB isolates were performed for the genus level identification of the seven bacterial isolates. Further, the seven strains were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Evolutionary analysis was performed using MEGA 7 to obtain closely related strains within the groups. The manganese oxidizing ability of the bacterial isolates were determined with Leucoberbelin Blue Assay (LBB) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy studies (AAS). The results show that among the isolated marine MOB species, Bacillus sp. and Leptothrix sp. have the maximum Mn oxidizing property. The microtitre plate assay was performed to determine the biofilm forming ability of the isolated marine MOB species. All the results have confirmed the prevalence of Bacillus sp. among the biofilm colonizers on Ti surfaces when exposed in sea water.  相似文献   

Microbial activity promotes the enrichment of cobalt over nickel on hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts     

P. P. Sujith  D. Ramanan  P. A. LokaBharathi 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(8):1158-1167

The different mineral phases of the ferromanganese (Fe–Mn) crusts stem from the interaction of biotic and abiotic components. It is therefore vital to study the activity of these components to decipher their contribution to the enrichment/depletion of metals in the crust. Thus, the present study examined sorption and release of Co and Ni by Fe-Mn crusts with associated microbial communities in the presence and absence of the metabolic poison sodium azide (15?mM). The study was conducted in the presence (G⁺) and absence (G^?) of added glucose (0.1%) at temperatures of 4?±?1°C and 28?±?2°C. Results showed that the microbial community had maximal sorption of Co of 66.12?µg?g^?1 at 4?±?1°C in the absence of added glucose and 479.75?µg?g^?1 at 28?±?2°C in the presence of added glucose. Maximum sorption of Ni in the absence of added glucose was 1.89?µg?g^?1 at 4?±?1°C and release of Ni was 51.28?µg?g^?1 in the presence of added glucose. Under abiotic conditions with 15?mM sodium azide as a metabolic inhibitor, significant amounts of Co and Ni were released in the G⁺ medium. Total cell counts on the Fe-Mn crust in the presence of added glucose increased by an order of magnitude from 10⁶ to 10⁷ cells g^?1 and in the absence of added glucose remained within the order of 10⁶ cells?g^?1 irrespective of temperature of incubation. Microscopic observation of the samples from biotic incubations showed numerous bacterial cells, exopolysaccharides, and structures resembling secondary minerals formed by bacteria. The results indicate that bacteria promote the enrichment of Co and Ni on the hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts by sorption processes and release of Ni by reductive dissolution of the oxides. The higher enrichment of Co than Ni is attributed to the way in which microbes interact with the metals.  相似文献   

生物型凹凸棒基高分子固沙材料的复配效果     

陶玲  曹田  吕莹  张文杰  任珺 《中国沙漠》2017,37(2):276-280

由于具有提高沙土的稳定性和保水性等特征,复合高吸水性固沙材料在荒漠化土地治理方面具有一定的潜力和应用前景。研究了蓝藻结皮在不同比例凹凸棒基高分子固沙材料中的生长状态和生理特性。结果表明:蓝藻结皮与经4 mol·L^-1硫酸改性后的凹凸棒基高分子固沙材料以1∶3质量比配比生长情况最佳;比较了复配材料喷洒量为400、500g·m^-2处理下蓝藻叶绿素a、丙二醛、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖含量等生理指标,喷洒量为500 g·5m^-2的蓝藻结皮与经4 mol·L^-1硫酸改性后的凹凸棒基高分子固沙材料生理特性较好。  相似文献   

生物土壤结皮对一年生植物影响研究进展     

陈孟晨  张景光  刘立超  冯丽  滕嘉玲 《中国沙漠》2017,37(3):483-490

生物土壤结皮在荒漠地区广泛分布,它的形成和演替深刻地改变了土壤表层的结构特征和理化性质,进而影响了荒漠地区一年生植物的种子传播、萌发、幼苗存活及生长过程。本文回顾了国内外有关生物土壤结皮对一年生植物影响的研究,综述了生物土壤结皮对一年生植物的土壤种子库、种子萌发、幼苗存活及生长过程的影响,分析了各研究结论中存在争议的原因,总结了生物土壤结皮对一年生植物种子传播、萌发、幼苗存活及生长影响的内在机理,指出了生物土壤结皮对荒漠地区植被组成的筛选作用,并对进一步的研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

广西荣华锰矿床地质特征及发现意义     

李社宏  苑鸿庆  裴秋明  严松  刘祥  张令详  李庚华 《现代地质》2015,29(4):912-921

广西荣华锰矿位于三叠系百逢组,在该地层中发现的工业锰矿床尚未见报道。通过对该矿区大比例尺地质填图,并结合地质工程和测试分析等手段,对矿床地质背景、沉积环境、矿体和矿石特征、沉积演化等进行分析研究,推测荣华锰矿为沉积-淋滤锰帽型矿床,矿体顺层分布于靠近罗楼组碳酸盐岩的百逢组第一段泥岩、泥质粉砂岩中,严格受地层和构造控制。矿石主要由偏锰酸矿、软锰矿等组成,矿石品位偏低,伴生Co等金属元素。百逢组之下的碳酸盐岩和百逢组第一段浊积砾岩层可作为该类锰矿上下界线典型的找矿标志。中三叠世桂西北处于盆包台构造格局,中晚古生代富含锰的台地在三叠纪遭受风化剥蚀,成矿元素被带入弧后盆地。随着特提斯洋闭合,挤压作用使盆地面积变小,水位加深,氧化还原界面波动,在百逢组第一段锰元素初步富集。后右江盆地抬升露出水面遭受剥蚀,风化淋滤作用最终形成该区顺层分布的氧化锰矿床。桂西广泛出露百逢组地层,其第一段具有良好的找矿前景。  相似文献