Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil by Kandelia candel     

HONG Youwei  YUAN Dongxing  LIAO Dan  LIU Baomin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(6):24-29

The purpose of this study was to investigate the accumulation behavior of two typical PAHs,phenanthrene(PHE) and fluoranthene(FLA),uptaken by the mangrove Kandelia candel in various treated sandy soils.The experiment lasted for three months.Soil and plant samples were collected after 3,6,9 and 13 weeks of the incubation and the levels of PAHs were analyzed using a GC/MS(HP6890-5975B).The results showed that the root accumulations of PHE and FLA were elevated with the increase of the PAH concentrations in the soil.With prolonged exposure time,PHE and FLA concentrations of the roots increased significantly in comparison with the control.PHE and FLA concentrations of root after 13 weeks of treatment ranged from 0.28 to 4.36 μg·g^-1 and 0.79 to 35.76 μg·g^-1,respectively.The calculated mean values of the root concentration factors were 0.58 for PHE and 0.71 for FLA.This indicated that root accumulation of FLA was greater than PHE,which would result from the higher octanol-water partition coefficient(K_ow) of FLA.These results underline the ability of mangroves to remove PAHs from contaminated marine substrates and hence their potential use in bioremediation and the removal of PAHs from the marine food chain.  相似文献   

Nutrient fluxes in a semi-arid microtidal mangrove wetland in the Gulf of California     

S. Snchez-Carrillo  R. Snchez-Andrs  L.C. Alatorre  D.G. Angeler  M. lvarez-Cobelas  J.A. Arreola-Lizrraga 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,82(4):654-662

Nutrient (C, N and P) fluxes were monitored in a microtidal semi-arid mangrove system, which links a semi-enclosed shallow coastal lagoon with the Gulf of California. We assessed the role of the mangrove ecosystem as a nutrient sink/source and determined how mangrove litterfall rates, tidal regime and climate factors influence these fluxes. Despite high seasonal differences in DOC, POC, N-NO₃⁻ and TP levels, nutrient concentrations were only marginally influenced by either hydrological variables or the concentration of these fractions in the adjacent lagoon. The carbon budget appeared to be balanced throughout the study. Retention rates in the mangrove system were related to litterfall rates. Export of DIN was observed mainly in the wet season due to the low nitrogen assimilation efficiency of the system. Import of organic nitrogen was related to the high retention efficiency of particulate organic nitrogen. Phosphorus fractions were imported and retained in the mangrove supporting previous findings that mangroves are phosphorus sinks. Finally, through a simple meta-analysis we tested the quantitative importance of main variables (tidal flow, tidal elevation, tidal range, rainfall, mangrove catchment area, litterfall) controlling mangrove nutrient dynamics. Although results suggest that generalizations can be made about factors regulating nutrient export from mangroves, the lack of statistical significance highlights the relative importance of the local environment for the magnitude of nutrient exchange in mangroves. Future research should focus on finding mechanistic models to explain these general patterns, taking into account the main biogeochemical processes and their roles in coastal ecosystem ecology.  相似文献   

Are vegetated areas of mangroves attractive to juvenile and small fish? The case of Dongzhaigang Bay,Hainan Island,China     

Mao Wang  Zhenyuan Huang  Fushan Shi  Wenqing Wang   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,85(2):208-216

Well-developed aerial roots of mangroves make it difficult to study how fish utilize the mangrove forest as a habitat. In the present study, we compared the differences in fish assemblages in three major types of habitats of mangrove estuary (vegetated area, treeless mudflat, and creek) of a mangrove bay in Hainan Island, China, at different seasons during two consecutive years. Three types of gears, centipede net, gill net and cast net, were used in the different habitats of mangrove estuary and sampling efficiencies among gears were evaluated. Centipede nets were used in all the three types of habitats and cast nets and gill nets in treeless mudflats and creeks. Fish assemblages were dependent on gears used. Centipede net could efficiently catch fish occurring both inside and outside of vegetated areas efficiently. A total of 115 fish species in 51 families were collected. In terms of numbers of species per family, Gobiidae was the most diverse (17 species), followed by Mugilidae (5 species). Almost all of the fish were juvenile or small fish and few predators were recorded, implying low predation pressure in the bay. ANOVA analysis showed that significant seasonal and spatial variation existed in species richness, abundance, and biomass, which were less in the vegetated areas than those of treeless mudflats and creeks. The attraction of vegetated areas to fish was less than that of creeks and mudflats. Many species were specific to a particular habitat type, 4 species occurring exclusively in the creeks, 45 species occurring exclusively in the treeless mudflats, and 5 species occurring exclusively in the vegetated areas. The results indicated that mangrove estuaries were potentially attractive habitats for juvenile and small fish, but this attraction was accomplished by a connection of vegetated areas, treeless mudflats and creeks, not only by vegetated areas.  相似文献   

Organic matter characterization in a tropical estuarine-mangrove ecosystem of India: Preliminary assessment by using stable isotopes and lignin phenols   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Bala Krishna Prasad  A.L. Ramanathan 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(4):617-624

In order to characterize the sources and fate of organic matter (OM) in the Pichavaram estuarine-mangrove ecosystem (east coast of India), stable isotope (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) ratios and molecular lignin analyses were conducted in plant litter, benthic algae, sediment, particulate matter and in a variety of benthic invertebrate species. The δ¹³C signature of plant litter ranges from −29.75‰ to −27.64‰ suggesting that mangrove trees follow the C₃ photosynthetic pathway. Sedimentary δ¹³C signature (−28.92‰ to −25.34‰) demonstrates the greater influence of plant litter organic matter on sedimentary organic matter. Suspended particulate organic pool was influenced by terrestrial source and also seems to be influenced by the marine phytoplankton. Enriched signature of δ¹⁵N in surface sediments (4.66–8.01‰; avg. 6.69‰) suggesting the influence of anthropogenic nitrogen from agricultural fields and human settlements. Spatial chemical variability in availability of nitrogen and plant associated microbial interactions demonstrate variability in δ¹⁵N signature in mangrove plant litter. Two (lower and higher) trophic levels of invertebrates were identified with and observed >4‰ gradient in δ¹³C signal between these two trophic groups. The observed δ¹³C values suggest that the lower level invertebrates feed on phytoplankton and higher level organisms have a mixed source of diet, phytoplankton, sediment and particulate organic matter. Lignin phenol analyses explain that the benthic surface layer was almost free of lignin. The ratio between syringyl phenols to vanillyl phenols (S/V) is 1.14–1.32 (avg. 1.23) and cinnamyl phenols to vanillyl phenols (C/V) is 0.17–0.31 (avg. 0.24), demonstrate non-woody angiosperm tissues was the major sources of lignin to this ecosystem, while aldehyde to acid ratios (Ad/Al) describe diagenetic nature of sediment and is moderately to less degraded. A two-end-member mixing model indicate that the terrigenous OM was dominant in the estuarine zones, while in the mangrove zone terrigenous supply accounts for 60% and marine input accounts for 40%.  相似文献   

Behavior and space utilization of two common fishes within Caribbean mangroves: implications for the protective function of mangrove habitats     

J.A. MacDonald  S. Shahrestani  J.S. Weis 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Behaviors, activity budgets, and spatial locations of reef-associated schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus) and non-reef-associated checkered puffer (Sphoeroides testudineus) were cataloged in mangrove forests in Caribbean Honduras to see how and where they spent their time and whether this changed as they grew. For schoolmasters, swimming was the most common behavior, while checkered puffers spent the majority of their time resting. Both remained completely within (as opposed to outside) the mangrove roots and in the lower half of the water column most of the time. However, as the size of the fish increased there was a clear decrease in the time spent both within the root system and closer to the substrate; the larger fish spent more time higher up in the water column and outside the root system. This was observed in both the schoolmaster and the puffer; the schoolmaster subsequently moves to reefs while the puffer does not. Coupled with limited feeding, the results suggest a primarily protective function for mangroves.  相似文献   

Morphodynamic responses to the deep water harbor development in the Caofeidian sea area,China's Bohai Bay     

Yongjun Lu  Rongyao JiLiqin Zuo 《Coastal Engineering》2009

Vast bay-type tidal inlets can be found along the coastal zones of China. They are generally suitable for deep water channels and large harbors because of the presence of large water depth and good mooring conditions. The deep channel, in front of the head of Caofeidian Island in Bohai Bay, China, is a typical bay-type tidal inlet system. The tidal current, a type of reverse flow, makes the key contribution to maintain the deep water depth. The co-action of waves and tidal currents is the main dynamic force for sediment motion. Waves have significant influence on the sediment concentration. Based on the characteristics of waves, tidal currents, sediment and seabed evolution in Caofeidian sea area, a 2D mathematical model for sediment transport under influence of waves and tidal currents is developed to study the development schemes of the Caofeidian Harbor. The model has been verified for spring and neap tides, in winter as well as in summer of 2006. The calculated tidal stages, flow velocities, flow directions and sediment concentrations at 15 stations are in good agreement with the observations. Furthermore, the calculated data on pattern and magnitude of sedimentation and erosion in the related area agree well with the observations. This model has been used to study the effects of the reclamation scheme for Caofeidian Harbor on the hydrodynamic environment, sediment transport and morphological changes. Attentions are paid to the project inducing changes of flow velocities and morphology in the deep channel at the south side of Caofeidian foreland, in the Laolonggou channel and in various harbor basins. The conclusions can provide the important foundation for the protection and use of bay-type tidal inlets and the development of harbor industry.  相似文献   

中国主要红树林湿地沉积物中硫的分布特征及影响因素   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

林慧娜  傅娇艳  吴浩  刘金玲  李柳强  虎贞贞  丁振华 《海洋科学》2009,33(12):79-82

以中国红树林主要分布地区--海南、广东、广西、福建的13个红树林区为研究对象,对沉积物中硫的分布特征及相关影响因素进行了分析.中国红树林地区沉积物中硫含量为0.009%～0.809%,平均含量为0.214%,远高于非红树林生长地区沉积物中硫的平均含量.海南、广东、广西、福建四省区红树林沉积物中硫的平均含量分别为:0.34%、0.19%、0.20%、0.18%.13个地区含硫量高低顺序为:三亚、东寨港、云霄、钦州、俄湾、姚家屿、高桥、山口、大冠沙、北仑河口、福田、洛阳桥、浮宫.各个不同红树林地区沉积物中的硫含量差异显著.硫含量与有机质含量、盐度显著正相关,与pH值显著负相关.土壤粒度组成以及铁含量对土壤中全硫含量有一定的影响.  相似文献   

海南长宁河口桐花树红树林土壤CH4动态研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶勇  卢昌义 《热带海洋学报》2001,20(4):35-42

研究了海南东寨港长宁河口桐花树Aegzceras corniculatum红树林下土壤的CH4动态.土壤CH4通量的滩面变化规律四季一致,平均值为0.56 mg  相似文献   

Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Characterization of Organic Matter in a Mangrove Ecosystem on the Southwestern Coast of Thailand   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Toshikatsu Kuramoto  Masao Minagawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(4):421-431

Organic matter in a tropical mangrove ecosystem was characterized by stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyze, conducted on various organic samples, including land and mangrove plants, soils, particulate organic matter (POM), and sea and river sediments along the southwestern coast of Thailand. The δ¹³C values of land plants and POM in river water can be explained in terms of a greater influence of C₃ plants than C₄ plants in this area. The POM and sediments from the Trang River and Ko Talibong area showed systematically higher δ¹⁵N values than those from Ko Muk and other coastal areas. Organic matter in the Trang River might be influenced by nitrogen released from agricultural or human waste, which could affect the isotopic composition of POM and sediments in the Trang River estuary and along the coast near the river mouth. We used a stochastic method to estimate the contributions of four organic end-members, identifiable by their δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values. The results implied that seagrasses were a major source of sedimentary organic matter, contributing 42 ± 5% in the Ko Muk area and 36 ± 5% in the Ko Talibong area. The contribution of coastal POM to sediments was estimated to be only 13% in Ko Muk and 19% in Ko Talibong. Mangrove plants contributed approximately 23% in both areas. It was concluded that seagrasses are an important source of sedimentary organic matter in this coastal region of southwestern Thailand. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

深圳湾红树林老鼠簕灌丛的光合固碳及其影响因子          下载免费PDF全文

魏龙  蔡坚  林秋莲  杨琼  古伟唐 《海洋技术学报》2020,39(1):50-56

红树林(Mangroves)是生长在热带和亚热带海岸潮间带的木本植物群落。老鼠簕(Acanthus ilicifolius)是我国红树林林下灌丛的主要物种,是林下植被碳库的主要构成成分。本研究选取深圳福田红树林区的林下、林窗、林缘和光滩等不同生境下自然生长的老鼠簕植株,测定植株生物量和光合特性等相关指标。研究表明,林窗生境下的老鼠簕植株的光合能力、光合固碳速率和地上生物量累积均达到最大;林下生境最不利于老鼠簕植株固碳;光滩的老鼠簕植株具有较高的地下生物量累积,但由于其蒸腾速率高、水分利用率低下,其固碳较低。光照强度是决定不同生境老鼠簕植株固碳的关键因子。在未来我国红树林造林中,老鼠簕可作为林下植被构建,以提高红树林生物量总碳库,但最适宜老鼠簕固碳的光照约为40%~80%。本文研究结果将为红树林造林实践中的物种选择和林分构建提供理论参考。  相似文献