Spatio-temporal variability of small copepods (especially Oithona plumifera) in shallow nearshore waters off the south coast of South Africa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Francesca Porri  Christopher D. McQuaid  William P. Froneman 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,72(4):711-720

Although small copepods are one of the main dietary sources for many commercially important fish, their role in the pelagic trophic dynamics has traditionally been underestimated due to the methodology commonly used in plankton sampling. Temporal variation in abundance of adults and nauplii of small copepods (particularly Oithona plumifera) in nearshore waters on the south coast of South Africa was investigated fortnightly over 14 months at site (km) and location (100 m) scales. Sampling was within <500 m of the shore, where depth was ca. 10 m, using vertical hauls of an 80-μm mesh plankton net from 1 m above the seabed to the surface. Twenty-seven adult copepod taxa were recorded, but Oithona spp. was consistently the most abundant. Taxon richness was 7–19 on each sampling occasion. There was strong temporal variation (Oithona varied between 0 and 2300 m⁻³), but much of this was short-term variability (e.g. between consecutive sampling sessions), with no seasonality or other long-term discernable patterns. There were periods of consistently low numbers, but very high numbers often followed samples with low abundances. Nor was there spatial structure at the location scale, though numbers differed between sites. Despite considerable variability at the location scale within sites, Kenton consistently showed higher densities than High Rocks. Separate analyses, with Bonferroni adjustment, showed that this difference was significant on eight out of 21 occasions for Oithona, six for other pelagic copepods and three for nauplii. This suggests that hydrodynamics favour aggregation of plankton at Kenton. A high degree of short-term variability, with a tendency for aggregation of small zooplankton at certain sites has implications for both pelagic processes and food-web links between the benthic and pelagic environments.  相似文献   

Application of Microbial BOD Sensors in Marine Monitoring     

张悦  王建龙  李花子  施汉昌  竺建荣 《海洋通报(英文版)》2001,3(1)

A strain of yeast, which can endure high osmotic pressure, is employed for the sensitive material of the microbial BOD sensor. Two immobilization methods are used, I.e. Calcium alginate gel be ads and PV A gel beads. The results show that the PVA gel beads is better. The influences of osmosis and heavy metal ions on the yeast entrapped in the PVA gel beads are also studied in the experiment.  相似文献   

自由生活海洋线虫的系统分类学   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张志南  周红 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,33(6):891-900

自由生活海洋线虫是海洋中最丰富的后生动物 ,它属于小型底栖动物的永久性成员 ,即分选时 ,可通过 0 .5 mm或 1 mm网筛但被 0 .0 31 mm或 0 .0 4 2 mm孔径网筛蓄留的动物 ,本文讨论线虫在动物界的分类地位 ,与相近动物类群的亲缘关系 ,泄腺纲与泄管纲分类系统的由来和演变。海洋线虫属于泄腺纲 ,由 Bremerhaven种名录和 L orenzen确立的分类系统已得到广泛的应用。海洋线虫的分类系统仍处在发展和完善中 ,需要发现更多更有价值的共近裔性状用于物种水平和较高分类阶元的分析和鉴定  相似文献   

Fast static correction methods for high-frequency multichannel marine seismic reflection data: A high-resolution seismic study of channel-levee systems on the Bengal Fan     

Martin Gutowski  Monika Breitzke  Volkhard Spieß 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2002,23(1):57-75

Very high-frequency marine multichannel seismic reflection data generated by small-volume air- or waterguns allow detailed, high-resolution studies of sedimentary structures of the order of one to few metres wavelength. The high-frequency content, however, requires (1) a very exact knowledge of the source and receiver positions, and (2) the development of data processing methods which take this exact geometry into account. Static corrections are crucial for the quality of very high-frequency stacked data because static shifts caused by variations of the source and streamer depths are of the order of half to one dominant wavelength, so that they can lead to destructive interference during stacking of CDP sorted traces. As common surface-consistent residual static correction methods developed for land seismic data require fixed shot and receiver locations two simple and fast techniques have been developed for marine seismic data with moving sources and receivers to correct such static shifts. The first method – called CDP static correction method – is based on a simultaneous recording of Parasound sediment echosounder and multichannel seismic reflection data. It compares the depth information derived from the first arrivals of both data sets to calculate static correction time shifts for each seismic channel relative to the Parasound water depths. The second method – called average static correction method – utilises the fact that the streamer depth is mainly controlled by bird units, which keep the streamer in a predefined depth at certain increments but do not prevent the streamer from being slightly buoyant in-between. In case of calm weather conditions these streamer bendings mainly contribute to the overall static time shifts, whereas depth variations of the source are negligible. Hence, mean static correction time shifts are calculated for each channel by averaging the depth values determined at each geophone group position for several subsequent shots. Application of both methods to data of a high-resolution seismic survey of channel-levee systems on the Bengal Fan shows that the quality of the stacked section can be improved significantly compared to stacking results achieved without preceding static corrections. The optimised records show sedimentary features in great detail, that are not visible without static corrections. Limitations only result from the sea floor topography. The CDP static correction method generally provides more coherent reflections than the average static correction method but can only be applied in areas with rather flat sea floor, where no diffraction hyperbolae occur. In contrast, the average static correction method can also be used in regions with rough morphology, but the coherency of reflections is slightly reduced compared to the results of the CDP static correction method.  相似文献   

Spatially explicit dispersal dynamics and equilibrium population sizes in marine harvest refuges     

Acosta  Charles A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2002,59(3):458-468

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1999年以来台湾及邻近海域7.5级以上强震前的条带现象     

张年明  郑健志 《台湾海峡》2005,24(4):426-432

中国台湾地区地处欧亚板块与菲律宾海板块之间,地震活动频繁．本文报道了 我国台湾地区及其邻近海域1985～2002年间5．5级以上地震的条带内外频度比分 布,并着重研究了1999—2002年中发生的3次7．5级以上地震前的条带现象．其结 果表明:台湾地区近期发生的3次7．5级以上大地震前,5．5级以上地震呈条带分 布．这些条带符合条带内地震个数Nin≥6的条件,符合条带内、外频度比Nin／(Nin Nout)≥75％的条件,也符合条带长宽比大于5的要求,只是与板内地震条带相比,条 带的长度较短．  相似文献   

海洋环境观测技术研究进展   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

蔡树群  张文静  王盛安 《热带海洋学报》2007,26(3):76-81

回顾了近年来海洋观测技术发展的基本情况和主要成果,同时指出了海洋观测技术的局限性,与数值模拟技术相结合的必要性,以及加强发展海啸、风暴潮和孤立内波等灾害性强海洋动力过程的监测技术和预警研究的迫切性。  相似文献   

两种海洋微藻硝酸还原酶活性测定方法的比较研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐洪杰  王修林  祝陈坚  李雁宾  张传松 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(6):981-986

对6种常见海洋微藻的硝酸还原酶活性测定方法进行了初步研究。确立了离体法和活体法的提取(振荡)时间及酶促反应时间,分别为:5 min,30 min(离体法)和6 min,10 min(活体法),并对2种方法进行了对比。结果表明:在本文条件下,离体法较活体法更适于进行塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)、强壮前沟藻(Amphidinium carterae)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、新月菱形藻(Nitzchia closterium)和旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)的硝酸还原酶活性的测定;活体法更适于东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghainase)硝酸还原酶活性的测定。  相似文献   

氮磷营养盐与有机汞联合作用对微氏海链藻生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

李顺兴  郑凤英  洪华生  王大志  黄立漳 《海洋科学》2005,29(10):36-39

探讨在高营养盐（氮、磷、硅分别为浮游植物生长的营养盐阚值≥40、50、9倍）条件下，氮浓度及氮磷摩尔比值[n（N）／n（P）]变化、汞（甲基汞和乙基汞）对微氏海链藻（Thalassiosira weissflogii）生长的影响。结果表明，高营养盐区海链藻的生长遵循营养盐限制的唯一因子论；氮浓度和氮磷比提高促进生长，当n（N）／n（P）=64则呈抑制效应；生长初期，甲基汞和乙基汞均产生毒性抑制作用，生长中后期，适量甲基汞（浓度≤1．0μg／L）、乙基汞（浓度≤0．5μg／L）却呈兴奋效应，促进生长；汞形态不同，剂量-效应关系不同。氮和有机汞是海链藻生长的刺激因子。适度有机汞污染与氮富营养化对微氏海链藻的生长产生协同效应。  相似文献   

Temporal patterns in the structure of macrobenthic communities of an Australian estuary     

Sebastian Rainer 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1981,13(6):597-620

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