海岸线的溢油环境敏感性评价研究进展     

包木太  孙晓军  王鑫平  孙培艳  李一鸣  陆金仁  李阳 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,50(3):19-26

海域溢油环境敏感性评价工作是溢油应急规划的基础,有利于溢油事故的应急处理。本文对海岸线的溢油环境敏感型的主要评价方法和选取的评价指标进行了总结;在溢油环境敏感性评价中采用的方法主要包含指数法、层次分析法、德尔菲法、模糊综合评价法等;在研究中,各类方法具有不同特点,多为各种方法同时使用。目前,国内外研究中选取的各类指标可总结归为物理指标、生物指标、社会-经济指标三大类,并且针对部分指标选取的理论依据进行了论述。探讨了较为系统化的评价指标体系的构建。综述了海岸线溢油环境敏感性评价的国内外的主要研究进展。最后指出当前溢油环境敏感性评价中存在的不足,如评价体系系统性差、评价指标科学性低及评价过程主观性强等,而加强学科交叉的同时对目前研究中不足深入研究将是后续的研究重点。  相似文献   

人参前胡汤治疗椎动脉型颈椎病痰湿中阻证30例临床观察          下载免费PDF全文

赵致缘  胡辉煌  谢义松 《应用海洋学学报》2020,36(1):42-44

根据研究证明,在机体先天免疫系统中溶菌酶作为重要的效应分子之一,通过参与机体中多种免疫反应,主要是通过形成一个水解体系,从而破坏和消除侵害体内的病原体,进而促使机体实现免疫防御。本研究以生活在深海超深渊海沟极端环境下的钩虾Eurythenes gryllus为材料,首次从Eurythenes gryllus中克隆获得i型溶菌酶(i-type lysozyme)基因EgLyz。序列分析表明,基因EgLyz与已知序列相似性较低,并含有一个失稳酶结构域。综合分析结果表明EgLyz可能是一个新颖的溶菌酶蛋白。在此基础上,对基因EgLyz进行了大肠杆菌原核重组表达,成功获取了较高纯度的可溶性表达产物,为后续生物活性分析奠定了实验基础。  相似文献   

Classification of marine bioregions on the east coast of South Africa     

T-C Livingstone  JM Harris  AT Lombard  AJ Smit  DS Schoeman 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):51-65

Marine bioregional planning requires a meaningful classification and spatial delineation of the ocean environment using biological and physical characteristics. The relative inaccessibility of much of the ocean and the paucity of directly measured data spanning entire planning regions mean that surrogate data, such as satellite imagery, are frequently used to develop spatial classifications. However, due to a lack of appropriate biological data, these classifications often rely on abiotic variables, which act as surrogates for biodiversity. The aim of this study was to produce a fine-scale bioregional classification, using multivariate clustering, for the inshore and offshore marine environment off the east coast of South Africa, adjacent to the province of KwaZulu-Natal and out to the boundary of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), 200 nautical miles offshore. We used remotely sensed data of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a and turbidity, together with interpolated bathymetry and continental-slope data, as well as additional inshore data on sediments, seabed oxygen and bottom temperature. A multivariate k-means analysis was used to produce a fine-scale marine bioregionalisation, with three bioregions subdivided into 12 biozones. The offshore classification was primarily a pelagic bioregionalisation, whereas the inshore classification (on the continental shelf) was a coupled benthopelagic bioregionalisation, owing to the availability of benthic data for this area. The resulting classification was used as a base layer for a systematic conservation plan developed for the province, and provided the methods for subsequent planning conducted for the entire South African EEZ. Validation of the classification is currently being conducted in marine research programmes that are sampling benthic biota and habitats in a sampling design stratified according to the biozones delineated in this study.  相似文献   

补偿海空重力测量动态效应剩余影响的通用模型     

黄谟涛  陈欣  邓凯亮  欧阳永忠  陆秀平  吴太旗  翟国君 《测绘学报》2020,49(2):135-146

针对目前作业过程中普遍存在的测量动态环境效应剩余影响问题,在深入分析海空重力测量误差源形成机理及其变化特性基础上,提出了一种适用于补偿各类海空重力仪动态效应剩余影响的通用模型;研究探讨了通用模型形式优选和模型参数估计问题,将基于信息论的Akaike信息量准则引入通用模型表达式的优选过程,提出应用互相关分析方法对模型参数进行估计,在双重约束下构建了补偿动态效应剩余影响的优化模型。使用典型动态环境下的海面重力观测数据对该方法的有效性进行了验证,结果显示,海洋重力测量成果内符合精度从原先的±9.35×10^-5 m/s^2大幅提升到±1.01×10^-5 m/s^2,充分体现了本文方法和模型对消除高动态测量环境效应影响的优良特性。  相似文献   

经济海藻羊栖菜（Sargassum fusiforme）幼体对镉胁迫的响应特性     

张甜甜  洪旻姮  吴明江  陈斌斌  马增岭 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(10):147-154

镉(Cd)是水生生态环境中常见的重金属污染物,通常会抑制植物的生长,减少生物量,对植物产生毒害作用。为了研究羊栖菜幼苗对海水中Cd胁迫的抗氧化响应特性,我们在天然海水和Cd加富(100 μmol·L^-1)海水两种不同的Cd浓度下培养羊栖菜幼体。实验结果表明:Cd加富胁迫显著抑制了羊栖菜幼苗生长,使藻体颜色变暗。此外,高Cd处理显著降低了羊栖菜中的色素含量,生长速率,过氧化物酶(POD)活性,脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)含量和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性。相反,高Cd处理显著促进了藻体内的Cd元素积累、对Cd₂⁺吸收速率,并增加了其暗呼吸/净光合速率比值(R_d/P_n),抗坏血酸(Vc)含量,可溶性蛋白质(SP)含量,且还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)以及羊栖菜的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著增加,但对丙二醛(MDA)的影响不显著。虽然羊栖菜幼苗增加了其抗氧化活性并促进AsA-GSH循环,以产生H₂O₂并维持健康的新陈代谢,但高Cd胁迫显著限制了幼苗的光合作用,降低了其光合色素,抑制了其生长,并使其藻体颜色发生变化。海水中高浓度的Cd对羊栖菜幼苗具有毒性作用,并且极大地增加了这种海藻的食用风险。  相似文献   

水下重力测量技术进展     

潘国伟  曹聚亮  吴美平  铁俊波 《测绘通报》2019,(2):1-5

首先介绍了水下重力测量的概念，阐述了水下重力测量的必要性；然后简要概述了水下重力测量技术的发展历程，比较了现有的两种主流测量方案（ROV水下重力测量和AUV水下重力测量）的优缺点，重点介绍了国内外水下重力测量近期的技术进展，包括加州大学基于二级拖体ROV的水下近海底重力测量试验和东京大学的AUV水下动态重力测量系列试验；最后分析了水下动态重力测量的研究重点并指出了其后续发展方向。  相似文献   

THE EVOLUTION OF STENOLS AND STANOLS IN MARINE SEDIMENT CORE FROM BEIBU BAY, THE SOUTH CHINA SEA     

姜善春  贾蓉芬  栾作峰 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1992,10(1):92-96

Ten stenols and stanols were identified by TLC , GC and GC-MS-DS in a marine sediment core from Beibu Bay , the South China Sea .C27, C28 and C29 A5 stenols and 5a- stanols mainly come from zoopiankton, algae and phytoplankton in marine environment. C29 24-ethylcholest- 5 - en- 3B- ol is thought to indicate input of terrigenous organic matter . The increase of C27 . C28 and C29 5a-stanol /5 stenol ratios with sediment depth shows the evolution of stenols and stanols in the marine sediment core .  相似文献   

船舶轴系的最佳轴承间距     

李湛 《广东海洋大学学报》1996,(2)

通过对影响轴承负荷的轴承支点、螺旋桨重量、轴段重量、轴承负荷的影响数等有关因素的研究，来合理布置各道轴承的间距，从而使轴承在最佳负荷下工作。强调提出不能任意增加轴承的宽度来满足轴承的比压值。  相似文献   

Sorption behavior of o-nitrophenol on marine sediment     

杨桂朋吴萍  孙德信 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(2):246-251

Systematic study on sorption behavior of o-nitrophenol on marine sediments was conducted.Isotherms of sorption of o-nitrophenol on marine sediments could be described by Freundlich model; and the isotherm of sorption of o-nitrophenol on HCl-treated sediment could be described by Langmuir model. The sorption behavior was affected by various factors including organic carbon content, aqueous solution salinity,temperature, and acidity. The sorption amount of o-nitrophenol increased when salinity and acidity of the aqueous solution increase, but decreased with increasing temperature. Organic carbon content in sediments had apparent effect on the behavior except for HCl-treated sediments.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1986,38(1):105-130

Book Reviewed in this article: Unfairly Structured Cities . Blair Badcock Religion and Rural Revolt . Janos M. Bak and Gerhard Benecke The Industrial Geography of Canada . Anthony Blackbourn and Robert G. Putnam The Cuban-American Experience, Culture, Images, and Perspectives. Thomas D. Boswell and James R. Curtis Quaternary Paleoclimatology . R. S. Bradley Development and Crisis in Brazil, 1930–1983 . Luiz Bresser Pereiras Centres of Origin in Biogeography . John C. Briggs Analytical Urban Geography . Martin Cadwallader Geomorphology . Richard J. Chorley , Stanley A. Schumm, and David E. Sugden South Africa: The Impact of Past Geographies . A. J. Christopher The Geography of Underdevelopment. A Critical Survey . D. K. Forbes Health Care in Developing Countries . Wilbert M. Gesler Place to Grow Old: The Meaning of Environment in Old Age . Stephen M. Golant The Emerging Marine Economy of the Pacific . Chennat Gopalakrishnan An Introduction to Agricultural Geography . David B. Grigg The Soviet Union: A Geographical Study . G. Melvyn Howe Geographical Aspects of Health: Essays in Honour of Andrew Learmonth . N. D. Mc Glashan and J. R. Blunden Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation . Tom L. Mc Knight Mountain Experience. The Psychology and Sociology of Adventure. Richard G. Mitchell Jr . Systematic and Regional Biogeography. Stanley A. Morain The Economic Transformation of American Cities. T. J. Noyelle and T. M. Stanback , Jr . Normal Accidents: Living With High-Risk Technologies. Charles Perrow Vanishing Farmland: A Legal Solution for the States. Sarah E. Redfield Applied Methods of Regional Analysis: The Spatial Dimensions of Development Policy. Dennis A. Rondinelli Urbanization in Romania. A Geography of Social and Economic Change Since Independence. Per Ronnas Statistical Techniques in Geographical Analysis. Gareth Shaw and Dennis Wheeler The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design. Anne Whiston Spirn Political Geography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Peter Taylor and John House Geographia y Medio Ambiente. Manuel Valenzuela -Rubío Nãgara and Commandery: Origins of the Southeast Asian Urban Traditions. Paul Wheatley The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Community. Mark Wise Geography and Gender. Women and Geography Study Group of the IBG Technological Hazards. D. J. Zeigler , J. H. Johnson , S. D. Brunn  相似文献