黄河中游流域地貌形态对流域产沙量的影响   总被引：13，自引：7，他引：13  

卢金发 《地理研究》2002,21(2):171-178

在黄河中游地区 ,选择了 5 0多个面积约 5 0 0～ 2 5 0 0平方公里的水文测站流域 ,分别代表 6种不同自然地理类型 ,在流域沟壑密度、沟间地坡度小于 15°面积百分比等地貌形态指标量计的基础上 ,进行了流域产沙量与地貌形态指标相关分析。结果表明 ,对于不同类型流域 ,流域产沙量随流域地貌的变化遵循不同的响应规律 ,而且视流域其它下垫面环境条件的均一程度 ,其相关程度和响应速率各不相同。受地面物质、植被、地貌发育阶段等流域其它下垫面环境条件的制约 ,除沟壑密度外 ,流域产沙量与流域地貌形态的关系都没有人们以前所预期的好。  相似文献   

大小圆位置线的数学模型及其应用     

杨启和 《测绘学院学报》1991,(3)

本文给出了球面上大小圆位置线的各种数学关系式,并重点讨论了a=F_1(φ,λ),s=F_2(φ,λ)形式的大小圆方程式和大小圆位置线的参数方程式φ=f_1(s,a),λ=f_2(s,a),以及这两种数学模型的程序设计问题。本文还讨论了大小圆位置线在专题数学要素图和无线电导航定位中应用的各种情形,并给出了利用PC—1500袖珍计算机自动绘制的位置线图形和算例。  相似文献   

内蒙古白乃庙金矿自然金晶体形态的成因矿物学特征     

赵令湖 《地球科学》1991,16(6):687-691

  相似文献   

清水塘矿田断裂构造与矿液致裂成矿浅析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李石锦  彭恩生 《大地构造与成矿学》1999,23(4):328-333

湘中清水塘矿四定位于断裂带中。从矿脉形态、矿化类型和形式、矿液组分、矿化多阶段性等方面,论述了断裂控矿作用与矿液致裂成矿特点。地洼期构造岩浆活动,伴随矿液的充填压裂,形成矿田内主要矿脉、矿脉中心部位出现条带致密块状矿石,矿脉两端为网脉、细脉、分枝脉、脉的旁侧发育着羽列脉,在矿脉中常见有中石构造,可拼接角砾状矿石和断裂桥构造。显示出控矿断裂经历了从韧性到脆性递进变形作用过程。  相似文献   

East African topography and volcanism explained by a single,migrating plume     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(5):1669-1680

Anomalous topographic swells and Cenozoic volcanism in east Africa have been associated with mantle plumes.Several models involving one or more fixed plumes beneath the northeastward migrating African plate have been suggested to explain the space-time distribution of magmatism in east Africa.We devise paleogeographically constrained global models of mantle convection and,based on the evolution of flow in the deepest lower mantle,show that the Afar plume migrated southward throughout its lifetime.The models suggest that the mobile Afar plume provides a dynamically consistent explanation for the spatial extent of the southward propagation of the east African rift system(EARS),which is difficult to explain by the northeastward migration of Africa over one or more fixed plumes alone,over the last≈45 Myr.We further show that the age-progression of volcanism associated with the southward propagation of EARS is consistent with the apparent surface hotspot motion that results from southward motion of the modelled Afar plume beneath the northeastward migrating African plate.The models suggest that the Afar plume became weaker as it migrated southwards,consistent with trends observed in the geochemical record.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1984,36(1):106-142

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.  相似文献   

小城镇信息图谱初探   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

周俊  徐建刚 《地理科学》2002,22(3):324-330

小城镇建设将成为我国农村经济发展的一种重要模式。为了引导小城镇的可持续发展,有必要对小城镇演变的内在规律作深入研究。运用“图谱”的表达方式和GIS分析工具,从小城镇图谱的基本构成要素入手,对小城镇的群体空间、外部形态和内部结构的演变规律进行了探讨。并以泰州市城镇群、兰溪市永昌镇为例,作了实证研究。研究表明,采用图谱的表达方式有助于我们对城镇发展进行了历史总结、规律挖掘,客观地把握城镇的发展阶段,从而了解不同时期城镇工作的重点,以有的放矢地采取措施,部署长远规划。  相似文献   

城市江堤外移工程对防洪影响研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

陆永军  郝嘉凌  李浩麟 《水科学进展》2003,14(2):197-202

以浙江省温州市瓯江江堤外移工程为例,应用二维潮流数学模型研究了堤线外移的不同工程方案对城市防洪的影响。该模型能够模拟瓯江与楠溪江交汇引起的复杂水流运动,以及多岛屿对水流流场的影响。验证计算表明,计算的潮位及18条垂线流速及断面流量过程与实测值吻合较好,误差均小于10%。因堤线外移的部分大多位于河道岸线的凹囊,适当外移可使河道岸线更趋平顺。100年一遇洪水时,瓯江大桥至鱼旗山堤线外移曲线方案1与直线方案2分别使屿头山-梅岙河段最高潮位壅高0.03～0.04m及0.04～0.08m。多年平均流量450m3/s时,方案2使塔山至鱼旗山断面垂线平均流速增加6%～22%,工程段以外河段流速变化较小;方案1缩窄的河宽和拦截过水面积明显小于方案2,相应引起流速变化也较小。  相似文献   

"三七"高炮防雹对昭苏县气象站雹日数影响的统计分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

瓦黑提  施文全  王红岩  邱辉  巴吾尔江 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2003,26(1):25-26

根据昭苏县气象站1956－1973年（防雹前）和1974－1998年（防雹后）6－8月平均雹日数的变化，就“37”高炮防雹对下游地区雹日数的影响进行了统计分析。经计算，防雹后25年的平均雹日数比防雹前减少了3.8d，为了证明这一结果是人为影响还是自然变化，进行了序列检验和回归分析，表明，人工防雹使防区内雹日数显著减少，显著性水平分析达到0.001和0．01。  相似文献   

The Pitcairn hotspot in the South Pacific: distribution and composition of submarine volcanic sequences     

R. Hekinian  J. L. Chemine  J. Dubois  P. Stoffers  S. Scott  C. Guivel  D. Garbe-Schnberg  C. Devey  B. Bourdon  K. Lackschewitz  G. McMurtry  E. Le Drezen 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,121(3-4):219-245

Multibeam bathymetry and bottom imaging (Simrad EM12D) studies on an area of about 9500 km² were conducted over the Pitcairn hotspot near 25°10′S, 129° 20′W. In addition, 15 dives with the Nautile submersible enabled us to obtain ground-true observations and to sample volcanic structures on the ancient ocean crust of the Farallon Plate at 3500–4300 m depths. More than 100 submarine volcanoes overprint the ancient crust and are divided according to their size into large (>2000 m in height), intermediate (500–2000 m high) and small (<500 m high) edifices. The interpretation of seafloor backscatter imagery accompanied by submersible observations and sampling enabled us to infer that the total volume of submarine lava erupted during hotspot activity is about 5900 km³ within a radius of about 110 km. The most recent volcanic activities occur on both small and large edifices composed of a great variety of lava flows. These flows vary in composition, following a succession from picritic basalt to alkali basalt, trachybasalt, trachy-andesite and to trachyte. Their large range of SiO₂ (48–62%), Na₂O+K₂O (2–11%), Ba (300–1300 ppm), MgO (1–11%), Nb (19–130 ppm), Ni (4–400 ppm) and rare earth elements suggests that crystal–liquid fractionation from basanite and/or picritic melt sources was a major process. The variation in composition between the least evolved basaltic rocks and the other more evolved silicic lava is marked by a difference in their flow morphology (pillow, giant tubes, tabular to blocky flows). The lava composition and field observation indicate that several magmatic pulses giving rise to cyclic eruptions are responsible for the construction of the edifices. The two larger edifices (>2000 m high) show more extensive eruptive events and a wider range in compositional variability than the smaller (<500 m high) ones. Several (five) submersible transects made along the slope of one of the largest edifices (Bounty) enabled us to observe at least nine successive eruptive cycles progressing from pillow and giant tubular basalt to tabular/blocky trachy-andesite and trachyte flows. Pyroclasts and hyaloclastites are often found with these eruptive sequences. The smaller edifices, forming individualized cones, are built mainly of evolved silicic (SiO₂>53%) flows consisting essentially of alternating sequences of trachy-andesite and trachyte. The distribution and composition of the small edifices suggest that they are the result of sub-crustal forceful magma injection and channeling supplied from reservoirs associated with the large volcanoes.  相似文献