水热型融雪路面金属导热管合理埋设间距研究     

李侠 《冰川冻土》2015,37(4):1023-1027

为了研究水热型融雪化冰路面结构中金属导热管合理布设间距, 建立了基于传热学理论的路面融雪化冰有限元分析模型, 对不同外界气温、 不同埋设间距工况下金属热管融雪化冰能力进行计算分析. 结果表明: 外界气温在0~-10 ℃之间时, 热管融雪效果明显. 气温低于-10 ℃时, 热管尽量埋设至路面中部; 热管最优间距为100~200 mm, 当热管间距>200 mm时, 即使管内水温高达40 ℃, 0 ℃ 等温线将不再连续.  相似文献   

A log‐normal spectral analysis of inorganic grain‐size distributions from a Canadian boreal lake core: Towards refining depositional process proxy data from high latitude lakes          下载免费PDF全文

Paul R. Gammon  Lisa A. Neville  R. Timothy Patterson  Martine M. Savard  Graeme T. Swindles 《Sedimentology》2017,64(3):609-630

Better methods for interpreting grain‐size spectra will enhance current understanding of past transport–depositional processes. A high‐resolution inorganic grain‐size dataset has been measured from a freeze core extracted from ‘Alberta Lake E’ a boreal fresh water lake 40 km east of the Athabasca Oil Sands in north‐eastern Alberta, Canada. The grain‐size spectra are remarkably consistent throughout the core, exhibiting a structure comprising six persistent grain‐size distributions below ca 250 μm, plus a rare medium‐sand distribution. Automated deconvolution of the grain‐size spectra produced poor results. Constraining the modes of two of the distributions produced deconvolution solutions that were statistically excellent and consistent with the structure of each spectrum. Statistical analysis of the ‘constrained’ solutions indicates that deconvolution successfully extracted independent grain‐size populations. Conversely, the multimodal spectra generate traditional measures (for example, mean grain size) that are inconsistent combinations of different individual populations and thus are poor proxies of transport–depositional processes. Alberta Lake E is situated in a boreal wetland landscape where sediment delivery is dominated by overland flow transport during spring melt. This context means that the Alberta Lake E grain‐size spectra can be interpreted to reflect: (i) a bedload component transported during short‐duration high discharge events that reflect the intensity of the melt; and (ii) a finer suspended load component representing material whose magnitude is controlled by the volume of the spring melt. Stratigraphically, bedload and suspended load populations demonstrate different short‐wavelength and long‐wavelength cyclicity, suggesting that spring melt is likely to be driven by cyclic external forcing factors. The links between the grain‐size spectra and spring melt have potential for generating proxy records that better capture the external controls over spring melt in boreal systems and the risks associated with these energetic hydrodynamics. This is exemplified by the coarsest Alberta Lake E distributions, which indicate that more intense spring‐melt dynamics occurred in pre‐historical times.  相似文献   

Phase equilibria modelling of residual migmatites and granulites: An evaluation of the melt‐reintegration approach          下载免费PDF全文

Omar Bartoli 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2017,35(8):919-942

Suprasolidus continental crust is prone to loss and redistribution of anatectic melt to shallow crustal levels. These processes ultimately lead to differentiation of the continental crust. The majority of granulite facies rocks worldwide has experienced melt loss and the reintegration of melt is becoming an increasingly popular approach to reconstruct the prograde history of melt‐depleted rocks by means of phase equilibria modelling. It involves the stepwise down‐temperature reintegration of a certain amount of melt into the residual bulk composition along an inferred P–T path, and various ways of calculating and reintegrating melt compositions have been developed and applied. Here different melt‐reintegration approaches are tested using El Hoyazo granulitic enclaves (SE Spain), and Mt. Stafford residual migmatites (central Australia). Various sets of P–T pseudosections were constructed progressing step by step, to lower temperatures along the inferred P–T paths. Melt‐reintegration was done following one‐step and multi‐step procedures proposed in the literature. For El Hoyazo granulites, modelling was also performed reintegrating the measured melt inclusions and matrix glass compositions and considering the melt amounts inferred by mass–balance calculations. The overall topology of phase diagrams is pretty similar, suggesting that, in spite of the different methods adopted, reintegrating a certain amount of melt can be sufficient to reconstruct a plausible prograde history (i.e. melting conditions and reactions, and melt productivity) of residual migmatites and granulites. However, significant underestimations of melt productivity may occur and have to be taken into account when a melt‐reintegration approach is applied to highly residual (SiO₂ <55 wt%) rocks, or to rocks for which H₂O retention from subsolidus conditions is high (such as in the case of rapid crustal melting triggered by mafic magma underplating).  相似文献   

X射线荧光光谱法测定重晶石中的硫酸钡方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈景伟  宋江涛  陈朝阳 《岩矿测试》2017,36(4):382-387

应用XRF可快速测定重晶石中钡元素的总量,但当测定硫酸钡含量时,由于样品中的碳酸钡计入钡量造成硫酸钡的测定结果不准确,铜、铅、锌等有色金属元素对熔样坩埚会造成损害,需要进行酸处理除去碳酸钡、铅等干扰。而样品经酸处理后不同样品的剩余量不同,造成熔剂与样品的比例不确定,也不能准确测定硫酸钡的含量,因此保证熔剂与样品比例一致是解决该问题的关键。本文优化了样品前处理、熔片制样和仪器工作条件,将一定量样品以10%盐酸和10%硝酸溶解,过滤除去碳酸钡、硫酸钙及铜、铅、锌等有色金属元素,未溶解样品在700℃下灼烧后以氧化铝补充到原取样量,实现了熔剂与样品比例一致,再以硝酸铵作氧化剂,溴化锂和碘化铵作脱模剂,1075℃熔融制片,即可用XRF准确测定硫酸钡的含量。本方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于0.4%,检出限为72μg/g,较ICP-OES等方法的检测周期短、干扰元素少,提高了测试效率和分析质量。  相似文献   

Toxic cyanobacteria at Nakuru sewage oxidation ponds - A potential threat to wildlife     

Kiplagat Kotut  Claudia Wiegand 《Limnologica》2010,40(1):47-53

Phytoplankton composition and biomass, and microcystin content were determined on diverse dates between November 2001 and June 2006 in the final oxidation pond of the Nakuru town sewage treatment plant. The oxidation ponds as well as the rivulet that drains the same are important water sources for some wildlife in the park. The phytoplankton composition of the pond studied mostly comprised coccoid green alga species. However, occasionally cyanobacteria or euglenoids were dominant. Among the cyanobacteria, Microcystis sp. made periodic appearance in the phytoplankton, and was the dominant species on some occasions. Total phytoplankton biomass varied widely from 48 to 135 mg L⁻¹ (wet weight) while cyanobacteria biomass ranged from undetectable levels to 130 mg L⁻¹. Most phytoplankton biomass was due to one or a few species. Detectable cyanotoxin concentrations (sum of microcystins) of up to 551.08 μg mg⁻¹ dry weight (DW) of cyanobacteria biomass or 0.28 μg mg⁻¹ DW of total phytoplankton biomass were recorded in samples collected on different dates. Microcystin content did not appear to correspond to the biomass of cyanobacteria suggesting that toxin production is possibly triggered by environmental changes or changes in the proportion of toxic strains. An occasional presence of microcystins in the pond water suggests that the wildlife species, which regularly use the ponds as drinking water sources are potentially exposed to intoxication. A close monitoring of pond water phytoplankton composition is necessary to accurately quantify the potential impact of cyanotoxins on these wildlife species.  相似文献   

Liquefaction behaviour of loose and compacted pond ash     

Ravi S. Jakka  Manoj Datta  G.V. Ramana 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010

Most of the ash produced all over the world is primarily disposed off by wet disposal method onto the ash ponds, which are occupying huge valuable lands. This disposal problem can be minimized by utilizing ash in large geotechnical earthworks. However, its use in earthquake prone areas requires thorough understanding of its liquefaction resistance and nature of development of excess pore pressures under dynamic loading conditions. Investigations have been carried out in this paper on the liquefaction behaviour of pond ash by conducting cyclic triaxial tests on inflow and outflow ash samples collected from two different ash ponds. Distinctly different liquefaction phenomenon was observed for the ash samples from inflow and outflow points of the same ash pond. Inflow samples exhibited higher cyclic resistance than outflow samples and their strengths were comparable with the natural sands. Further studies revealed that the influence of various factors on liquefaction susceptibility of both the types of ashes is similar to that of natural sands.  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐河山区流域径流形成的实验研究          下载免费PDF全文

康尔泗  施雅风  杨大庆  张寅生  张国威 《第四纪研究》1997,17(2):44-51

乌鲁木齐河山区流域较之山前平原区有着充沛的降水，是径流形成的基础。降水量随海拔增加而增加，高山带降水以固态为主，使冰川成为山区流域重要的水储存形式。降水观测误差对流域降水量和蒸发量的估算有较大影响。冰雪消融可以依据常规气象要素的参数化热通量表达式来计算。在高山草甸蒸发量的观测、计算中，蒸渗器称重法与波恩比率法较之通量－梯度法有较高的观测精度。山区流域径流系数随流域平均海拔增加而增加，高山冰川作用区在径流形成和调节中起着重要作用。  相似文献   

Hydrological study of the potential effects of the melting of Nevado del Ruiz glacier on urban growth zones in Manizales,Colombia     

Alejandro Marulanda Aguirre  Omar Alfonso Fonseca Tobasura  Omar Darío Cardona Arboleda 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(12):2179-2192

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the results of a hydrological study aimed at characterizing flood-prone areas in the urban growth zone in the city of Manizales based on the potential effects of melting of the Nevado del Ruiz glacier, in Caldas, Colombia. These results constitute a basis for decision making regarding possible urban growth zones in Andean areas that face risks from volcanic eruptions producing lahars and floods caused by glacier melt. Conservative estimates of extreme flows in the Chinchiná River in the urban growth area of El Rosario can be obtained by considering the effects of rain triggered by airborne particulate material following a volcanic explosion combined with the effects of glacier melt. The effects of global warming on tropical glaciers contribute to their retreat, leading to their disappearance. Therefore, the worst scenario would take place if these events occurred in the short term as glacier volume decreases with time.