非正态分布假设下的完好性阈值计算与分析     

牛飞  陈金平  高为广  张义生 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2012,37(12):1429-1433

引入"概率包络"概念,从分析复杂多路径误差的概率分布入手,推导了两种非高斯分布的多路径误差概率分布模型,改进了两种基于污染正态分布的完好性阈值计算方法,并分别在伪距域和定位域对非高斯误差分布模型进行高斯概率包络分析,计算相应的均方差膨胀因子,从理论上体现了完好性阈值计算方法的严密性和有效性。仿真计算结果表明,两种改进的完好性阈值计算结果都能够对污染正态分布误差模型实现高斯概率包络,但第一种改进方法计算结果相对比较保守,第二种改进方法计算结果更加优化。  相似文献   

The territorial integrity of Iraq, 2003-2007: Invocation, violation, viability     

Stuart Elden 《Geoforum》2009,40(3):407-417

This paper considers the ways in which Iraq’s territorial integrity has been invoked by the international community, how it was violated by the US-led coalition between 2003 and 2007, and how these acts have called into question the future viability of the Iraqi state. The paper contends that Iraq provides an instructive illustration of how the international legal term of territorial integrity is being pulled apart; where the spatial extent of the state must be preserved at all costs, yet the sovereignty of the state is rendered entirely contingent. Using interviews with key actors within the British context and documentary analysis, this paper examines the political situation in Iraq and the content of the new Iraqi constitution, the rise of factionalism within Iraq, and the report of the Iraq Study Group. In doing so it considers the impact of key decisions concerning Iraq’s sovereignty upon the future viability of the state.  相似文献   

Scattering of oblique waves by permeable vertical flexible membrane wave barriers     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

The interaction of obliquely incident surface gravity waves with a vertical flexible permeable submerged membrane wave barrier is investigated in the context of three-dimensional linear water wave theory. From the general formulation of the submerged membrane barrier, the performance of bottom-standing, surface-piercing and fully extended membrane wave barriers are analyzed for various values of wave and structural parameters. The analytic solution of the physical problem is obtained using eigenfunction expansion method and a coupled boundary element-finite difference method has been used to get the numerical solution. In the boundary element method, since the boundary condition on the membrane barrier is not known a priori, the membrane response and velocity potentials are solved simultaneously using appropriate discretization with the help of finite difference scheme. The convergence of the analytic and numerical solution techniques is discussed. The study reveals that for suitable combination of wave and structural parameters, approximately (45–50)% incident wave energy can be dissipated irrespective of membrane barrier configurations. Further, in certain situations, nearly full wave reflection and zero transmission occur for all barrier configurations. The study will be useful in the design of flexible permeable membrane to act as an effective wave barrier for creation of tranquility zone in the marine environment.  相似文献   

Measurement of platform conductor preload in streamlining the life extensions of ageing offshore wells     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

The life extension of ageing oil wells is becoming an ever more crucial part of an operator's activities in recent years, mainly due to slumping oil price which discourages new exploration and the potential extended operation of some older fields with sufficient producing capacity still remaining. The conductor forms one of the primary structural components of wells and its deterioration over time warrants immediate integrity assessment and rehabilitation plans. The construction residual loading or preloads on the conductor are calculated as per standard guidelines and by analytical means during its design and installation phase, but may not be realistic when assessing aged conductors, due to the high levels of over-conservatism built in to address the various uncertainties during the well drilling phase, hence a more practical means of evaluating this residual load is required in carrying out the integrity assessments. This article presents the novel use of ultrasonic based non-destructive technique (NDT) to measure the conductor preload by observing the travel time of the longitudinal critical refracted (LCR) waves and employing the acoustoelastic method to determine the structural stresses. The measurement of the time of flight (TOF) of this wave component is evaluated from the signals measurement under a range of preload stresses induced into the specimen, and the acoustoelastic calibration curve is obtained as a result, for various section geometries and dimensions. Numerical analyses are also carried out to correlate and validate the magnitude order of the acoustoelastic constant of typical conductor steel grade (grade-B). These are in good agreement with each other and can be a very reliable tool for the on-site preload measurements during oil well integrity assessment. This measurement of conductor preload results in minimising any associated uncertainties, assumptions and the corresponding over-conservatisms carried over from the design stage, hence streamlining the repair and rehabilitation strategies to the most critical well-conductor groups in the field, thus significantly reducing the costs and resources for operators in extending life of aged wells.  相似文献   

光裸星虫体腔液中卵子发生的超微结构   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王庆恒  张家炜  郝瑞娟  黄荣莲  杜晓东 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(1):57-66

为探究光裸星虫卵子发生的细胞学特点,利用电镜技术观察了光裸星虫体腔液中卵子发生过程的超微结构变化。结果表明:(1)光裸星虫体腔液中存在游离的卵原细胞和卵母细胞,卵母细胞的发育分为卵黄形成前期、卵黄形成初期、卵黄旺盛合成期和成熟期4个阶段。(2)卵原细胞的细胞器少,核质比大。卵黄形成前期,卵母细胞的细胞器有所增加,大量核仁外排物进入胞质中;出现卵黄膜和胶质膜,卵黄膜遍布微孔。卵黄形成初期卵母细胞核有较多突起,细胞器大量增加,出现分散分布的卵黄粒。卵黄旺盛合成期卵母细胞迅速增大,卵黄大量积累。成熟期卵母细胞核膜突起回缩,胶质膜易于脱落。(3)卵黄分为2种。Ⅰ型卵黄电子密度高,不发生融合,为内源性卵黄;II型卵黄中等电子密度,可融合为无定形卵黄块,为外源性卵黄。(4)成熟卵母细胞卵黄膜为三层,外层为颗粒层,表面具有粒状突;中层初始为均质结构,不断增厚并纤维化;内层致密,厚度不均。胶质膜电子密度极低。(5)卵子外有滤泡细胞,其核质比很大,细胞器少,在卵母细胞成熟期发生凋亡。文章还探讨了胶质膜、卵黄膜、滤泡细胞的功能,以及细胞器在卵黄形成中的作用。研究结果积累了光裸星虫卵子发生细胞学资料,为光裸星虫生殖调控与人工繁育研究提供理论参考。  相似文献   

Analysis and evaluation of coral reef integrity based on borehole camera technology     

Jin-chao Wang  Chuan-ying Wang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(1):26-33

At present, very few drilling surveys have been conducted on coral reefs, and comprehensive geological info on coral reefs is difficult to obtain. However, research on coral reefs is of great importance to development and exploitation of maritime resources. In the survey of Chenhang Island in Paracel (Xisha) Islands, we applied the digital borehole camera technology the first time in China, which resulted in a large amount of first-hand geological data. We utilized the rock mass integrity index (RMDI) method in our analysis of coral reef integrity, and the value of coefficient α in the RMDI was determined to evaluate the size effect of cavities on coral reefs. We then developed the correlation between RMDI values and coral reef integrity with references to the rock mass classification standard, which enabled the engineering evaluation of coral reef integrity. By statistical analysis of camera data gathered along the CK2 borehole for approximately 1-km length, we performed an integrity evaluation of the entire borehole length using the RMDI classification and created a coral reef stratum development diagram that was consistent with the actual cores. The results indicated: (1) the RMDI is a feasible approach for the analysis of coral reef integrity, (2) the classification system based on RMDI is feasible in the integrity evaluation of coral reefs, (3) the values of coral reef integrity obtained using the RMDI method are accurate, and (4) borehole camera survey and statistical analysis are important in the study of coral reefs.  相似文献   

膜材料与乳液双效封堵防塌钻井液体系在中江区块两口井的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨仕伟 《地质与勘探》2017,53(1):164-170

知新36D井、中江103D井是部署在中石化川西第二大气田-中江区块的一口勘探定向井。该井以泥岩为主的剑门关组及蓬莱镇组地层极易吸水膨胀缩颈或垮塌,本文在现场应用较好的钾石灰体系的基础上,结合封堵防塌剂FDFT-1和自主研发的膜材料CHSMA,提出了一套针对该区块的膜材料与乳液双效封堵防塌钻井液体系。该体系具有优良的综合性能,抑制性能突出(滚动回收率达98.33%,16h线性膨胀率仅13.79%)。该体系在知新36D井、中江103D井(一开)的应用效果良好,满足了施工需要。  相似文献   

An analytical solution for wave propagation in a square pile due to transient point load     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

This paper presents an analytical solution for wave propagation in a square pile due to transient point load. The differential equation of dynamic equilibrium is established considering propagation of waves in both vertical and transverse directions. The soil resistance is simulated by Voigt model. The three-dimensional analytical solution is deduced by using Fourier transform and the separation of variable method. The arithmetical results of the proposed solution show that the velocity responses along the radial direction at the pile top are highly non-uniform. In addition, Young’s modulus and the pile side length exert undisputable influences on the velocity responses.  相似文献   

Estimation of ecological water requirements based on habitat response to water level in Huanghe River Delta, China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Baoshan Cui  Yanyan Hua  Chongfang Wang  Xiaolin Liao  Xuejie Tan  Wendong Tao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(4):318-329

In recent years,wetland ecological water requirements (EWRs) have been estimated by using hydrological and functional approaches,but those approaches have not yet been integrated for a whole ecosystem.This paper presents a new method for calculating wetland EWRs,which is based on the response of habitats to water level,and determines water level threshold through the functional integrity of habitats.Results show that in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta water levels between 5.0 m and 5.5 m are required to maintain the functional integrity of the wetland at a value higher than 0.7.One of the dominant plants in the delta,Phragmites australis,tolerates water level fluctuation of about ± 0.25 m without the change in wetland functional integrity.The minimum,optimum and maximum EWRs for the Huanghe River Delta are 9.42×106 m3,15.56×106 m3 and 24.12×106 m3 with water levels of 5.0 m,5.2 m and 5.5 m,corresponding to functional integrity indices of 0.70,0.84 and 0.72,respectively.A wetland restoration program has been performed,which aims to meet these EWRs in attempt to recover from losses of up to 98% in the delta's former wetland area.  相似文献   

无矩阵迭代法在膜结构风振耦合分析中的应用     

孙芳锦  殷志祥  张大明 《地震学刊》2010,(2):212-215

提出在采用浸入物体法（IOM）对膜结构和空气流体建模时,可以采用带有预定条件的无矩阵Newton-Krylov迭代算法求解浸入物体法,并引入了预定条件矩阵。将提出的无矩阵迭代方法应用于一双坡型膜结构的风振耦合分析中,得出了结构的风压和风速分布,并对带有预定条件和不带预定条件的无矩阵迭代算法进行了对比。结果表明,将带有预定条件的无矩阵迭代算法应用于膜结构风振的耦合分析中,可以得到准确结果,并使计算效率大大提高。  相似文献