重金属污染土壤萃取方法选择及参数优化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李东艳  M.FRANCOIS  任玉芬  王长征 《地学前缘》2005,12(Z1):189-192

土壤重金属污染是国际土壤与环境研究的热点和难点问题之一。重金属在土壤中存在的形态和各种形态的比例是决定其迁移性和生态影响的关键因素。常用的形态分析方法包括Tessier五步萃取法、BCR三步萃取法和水萃取法等。在比较三种萃取方法的基础上,在法国北部冶炼厂周围土壤和焦作矿区土壤污染研究中采用水乙酸两步萃取法,采用蒸馏水和0 11 mol/L的乙酸,液固比20,25 ℃条件下恒温振荡16 h。  相似文献   

几种氧化锰矿物的合成及其对重金属的吸附和氧化特性   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

冯雄汉翟丽梅  谭文峰刘凡 贺纪正 《岩石矿物学杂志》2005,24(6):531-538

以改进或优化的方法合成土壤中常见的几种氧化锰矿物,对其形貌、结构、组成和表面性质进行表征,研究其对几种重金属的吸附和对Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化特性及与其结构和表面性质的关系。结果表明,合成的水钠锰矿、钙锰矿、锰钾矿和黑锰矿均为单相矿物,具有典型的形貌特征。水钠锰矿、钙锰矿和锰钾矿的PZC较低,分别为1.75、3.50和2.10,其表面可变负电荷量的大小顺序为水钠锰矿≥锰钾矿>钙锰矿;黑锰矿的PZC较高,表面可变负电荷量远低于其他3种矿物。供试矿物中,水钠锰矿对Pb2 、Cu2 、Co2 、Cd2 和Zn2 等重金属的吸附能力最强,黑锰矿的吸附能力最弱,除黑锰矿吸附更多的Cu2 外,供试氧化锰矿物对Pb2 的吸附量最大。氧化锰矿物对重金属的吸附受重金属的水解常数和矿物的表面负电荷的影响较大,它们均影响氧化锰矿物表面诱导水解作用及吸附离子形态。供试氧化锰矿物对Cr(Ⅲ)氧化能力和氧化过程中Mn2 释放量不同,受矿物结构、氧化度、表面性质以及结晶度等因素影响,氧化能力顺序为水钠锰矿>锰钾矿>钙锰矿>黑锰矿,最大氧化量分别为1330.0、422.6、59.7和36.6mmol/kg。  相似文献   

矿物对金属离子的竞争吸附实验研究   总被引：29，自引：4，他引：29  

吴大清  刁桂仪 《地球化学》1997,26(6):25-32

CaCO_3、石英、针铁矿、三水铝矿、高岭土、蒙脱石、水云母等矿物对Ag+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Cd2+、Pb2+和Cr3+金属离子的竞争吸附实验研究表明，在近中性低离子强度溶液中，矿物单位表面积吸附金属离子的大小顺序是：CaCO3＞石英＞水云母＞高岭土＞蒙脱石＞针铁矿＞三水铝矿。这些矿物可分成3组：第一组的矿物有石英、针铁矿和高岭土等1：1层硅酸盐矿物及其他氧化物；第二组为三水铝矿、水镁石和蒙脱石等2:1层硅酸盐矿物；第三组是碳酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐等含氧盐矿物。它们对于金属离子的吸附反应；＞SO－＋Mn+=＞SOM(n-1)+(n=1,2,3）有如下的显平衡常数KM与矿物介电常数ε的关系式：（1）lgk1M=7．813－26.15／ε（2）lgK2M－9．030－26.15／ε（3）lgK3M=11．65－26．15／ε  相似文献   

超大型金属矿床研究现状和某些进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程小久  翟裕生 《地质科技情报》1993,12(4):75-80

介绍了近年来超大型金属矿床理论研究现状,探讨了超大型铜、铅、锌、金和铂族等有色贵金属矿床的成矿构造背景,认为该类超大型矿床产出的主要全球构造背景为板块俯冲带和大陆裂谷,并论述了不同构造背景中超大型矿床的成因类型、矿床特征、控矿构造和矿床空间展布规律以及裂谷构造垂向分带和不同地史时期裂谷与超大型矿床的关系,对当前研究工作中一些问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

以DDTC为螯合剂反相HPLC法分离测定铜钴镍汞     

赵芳石  李俊峰  郑荣华 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1988,(2)

本文研究了用ODS柱对DDTC与Cu、Co、Ni、Hg四种重金属离子螯合物的分离测定方法。经过对流动相及其配比、波长、柱温、压力、流速等色谱条件进行的选择,对共存离子影响的分析,确定了最佳分离分析条件。以58:42(v:y)的乙醇水溶液作流动相在R.P.柱上分离,于254nm处检测。在0.0064～1.Oμg/ml(Cu),0.0064～1.0μg/ml(Co),0.0032～1.0μg/ml(Ni),0.010～1.0μg/ml(Hg)浓度范围内,线性关系良好。对含量在线性范围内的天然水样和人尿样进行了分析测定,回收率在97.0～109.0％之间,变异系数不超过5.6％,结果较好。  相似文献   

Trace metal geochemistry of peat under a sanitary landfill-a reconnaissance     

W. H. Mathews  R. M. Bustin 《Environmental Geology》1994,23(1):14-22

Core samples were taken at two sites from a peat deposit buried by a sanitary landfill operated by the city of Vancouver since the 1960s and from a third site where the same peat bed is not covered by landfill. Twenty-nine subsamples from the three cores were analyzed by a variety of techniques to determine the concentration of as many as 34 constituents. The content of heavy metals, the principal object of this investigation, is highest in the lower part of the peat succession, in which there is a significant amount of interbedded inorganic sediment, rather than in the upper clean bog peat. Individual layers as little as 2.5 cm thick can hold concentrations of heavy metals ten times that of the nearby layers. The heavy metal contents show a high positive correlation with those of iron and manganese and a very low correlation with sulfur. Iron from the landfill has been transported by downward percolating groundwater in solution or colloidal suspension into the lower layers of peat deposit where the passing heavy metals were sorbed. A comparison of the amounts of heavy metals stored in the peat alone with the amount leaving the whole landfill annually suggests that some metals, notably lead and arsenic, might be retained in the peat for very long periods, whereas other metals such as zinc and mercury might be quickly lost.  相似文献   

湖南省清水塘工业区重金属污染对土壤动物群落生态影响的研究   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

王振中  邓继福 《地理科学》1994,14(1):64-72

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On the metal content and metal ion uptake of botanically specific peats and the derived humic acids     

Raymond Bonnett  Richard P.C. Cousins 《Organic Geochemistry》1987,11(6)

With respect to ten metals (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga) which are continguous in the Periodic Table the natural metal content and the ability to take up metal ions has been determined for three peats of defined botanical origin, each peat being sampled at three different levels. A correlation is found between the natural metal content and botanical origin. Apart from aluminium, the concentration of individual metals increased in the series Sphagnum < fen sedge < reed, the increase being statistically significant (P = 0.001) for V, Mn, Co, Ni, and Ga and for the sum of the metal ions measured.No clear correlation emerged between botanical origin and metal uptake. The metal uptake by the humic acid derived from each peat sample was also determined, and correlated with the metal uptake of the source peat itself.In all the humic acid and peat metal-uptake experiments the selectivities were very similar. V, Cr, Cu, Ga were readily taken up while Mn, Co and Zn were consistently less preferred.  相似文献   

Heavy meals in urban roadside soils, part 1: effect of particle size fractions on heavy metals partitioning   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Xue-Song Wang  Yong Qin  Yong-Kang Chen 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(7):1061-1066

Urban roadside soils are important environmental media for assessing heavy metal concentrations in urban environment. However, among other things, heavy metal concentrations are controlled by soil particle grain size fractions. In this study, two roadside sites were chosen within the city of Xuzhou (China) to reflect differences in land use. Bulk soil samples were collected and then divided by particle diameter into five physical size fractions, 500–250, 250–125, 125–74, 74–45, < 45 μm. Concentrations of metals (Ti, Cr, Al, Ga, Pb, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, Zn, Mo, As, Sb, Se, Hg, Bi, Ag) were determined for each individual fraction. These metals could be roughly classified into two groups: anthropogenic element (Pb, Ba, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mo, As, Sb, Se, Hg, Bi, Ag) and lithophile element (Ti, Cr, Al, Ga, Co, Mn, Ni, V) in terms of values of enrichment factor. As expected, higher concentrations of anthropogenic heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mo, As, Hg, Bi, Ag) are observed in the finest particle grain size fraction (i.e. < 45 μm). However, heavy metals Se, Sb and Ba behave independently of selected grain size fractions. From the viewpoint of mass loading, more than 30% of the concentrations for all anthropogenic heavy metals are contributed by the particle grain size fractions of 45–74 μm at site 1 and more than 70% of the concentrations for all heavy metals are contributed by the particle grain size fractions of 45–74 and 74–125 μm at site 2. These results are important for transport of soil-bound heavy metals and pollution control by various remedial options.  相似文献   

Linking historical smelter emissions across Humberside （UK） to enhanced soil metal concentrations using geostatistics and preserved environmental samples     

Barry G. Rawlins Andy Tye Robert M. Lark Emily Hodgkinson Richard Webster Kirsten E. O＇Donnell Barry Smith 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):8-8

Background： Analysis of human malignancies on Humberside （UK） in 1984 showed an increased risk close to the site of the local smelter. Geochemical survey data for Pb and Sn in soil collected soon after the smelter closed showed elevated concentrations relative to local background levels, and a strong spatial trend related to the prevailing wind direction. No historical emission data existed and evidence associating the smelter with the putative soil contamination plume was considered equivocal. In this work we test the hypotheses that： a） historical data can be used to estimate the excess quantities of Pb and Sn in the soil; b） tree bark ＆ attic dust can act as historical archives of particulate deposition; c） geochemical and mineralogical information assist in linking the source of the metal and the historical contamination plume.  相似文献