胶州湾沉积物中石油降解菌的降解能力及多样性研究     

高伟  高祥兴  米铁柱  韩彬  张毅然  李馨子  尹晓斐  孙承君  李倩  崔志松  栾晓  于志刚  郑立 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(6):54-64

2013年青岛输油管道爆炸,大量石油污染了附近海岸。课题组采集了污染的沉积物样品,以原油为唯一碳源和能源,富集了四个石油降解菌群。生物多样性和群落分析表明,Luteibacter、Parvibaculum 和属于食烷菌科的一个属是降解菌群的主要优势菌,都属于变形菌门。从石油降解菌群中分离筛选,获得了9株具有不同16S rRNA基因序列的降解菌,分别属于8个属。重量法测定降解菌的石油降解率,其中5株的石油降解率大于30%。GC-MS分析结果表明,石油降解菌多倾向于降解烷烃,对多环芳烃的降解能力较差,其中5株细菌的烷烃降解率较大,仅1株菌D2对多环芳烃的降解率较大,其降解率在34.9%到77.5%。通过对高通量数据的分析,表明食烷菌属是菌群A和菌群E的主要降解菌群,其中筛选获得的菌株E4可能是菌群E的一株优势降解菌。本研究所筛选菌株证明了其石油降解潜力,为油污染海滩生物修复提供了菌株资源。  相似文献   

淡化浓海水日晒盐田原核微生物多样性分析     

秦乐宁  黄鑫洁  朱大玲  侍亚敏  唐娜  王学魁 《海洋科学》2019,43(5):27-35

海滨日晒盐田具有稳定且独特的生态系统。淡化浓海水排入盐田制盐,对盐田生态系统的稳定及盐田的可持续发展具有一定的影响。本研究分析天津汉沽淡化浓海水日晒盐田不同季节不同盐度盐池原核微生物多样性现状及群落结构变化,以期为评估淡化浓海水对盐田原核微生物群落影响提供理论依据。采用温度梯度凝胶电泳和序列测定等方法,分析不同月份不同盐度盐池中细菌和古菌的多样性与群落结构变化。分别采用香农-威纳指数、加权丰富度指数和均匀度指数分析盐田微生物群落多样性、丰富度和均匀度。结果表明,淡化浓海水和溴后水中均未检测出细菌和古菌。不同月份不同盐度盐池样本中细菌多样性变化不大,优势菌主要为γ-变形菌门(γ-Proteobacteria)中的Spiribacter salinus和Pseudoalteromonassp.;古菌仅出现在盐度最高的Ⅶ号盐池中,优势古菌为广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)的Halogeometricum sp.。天津汉沽淡化浓海水日晒盐田中细菌的多样性和丰富度较低,春夏两季细菌群落结构较为稳定,秋冬季节细菌群落结构变化明显。盐度不同的盐池中细菌群落结构变化较大,随着盐度逐渐升高, Spiribacter salinus逐渐取代Pseudoalteromonas sp.成为占主要地位的优势菌种。  相似文献   

Microbial diversity in the sediments of the southern Mariana Trench     

LI Yingjie  CAO Wenrui  WANG Yan  MA Qingjun 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(3):1024-1029

Microbial diversity in the abyssal sediments beneath the seafloor of 30,94,and 151cm near the southern end of the Mariana Trench was analyzed in the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform.Results show that the microbial populations were dominated by bacteria but merely no archaea were identifi ed at the three depths.In the bacterial community,Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated the total taxon tags,followed by Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Planctomycetes,Cyanobacteria,and Chloroflexi,which together account for over 99%of the total population.Similar to that in the seawater in the trench,the operational taxonomic units(OTUs)belonging to Gammaproteobacteria from the sediment samples showed high abundance.However,common bacterial OTUs in the water of the trench including Nitrospirae and Marinimicrobia were hardly found in the sediments from the southern Mariana Trench or the hadal region.Therefore,this study documented for the first time the compositions of microbial diversity in the trench sediments,revealed the difference in microbial diversity in water and sediment of the trench and will enrich the knowledge on the microbial diversity in the abyssal areas.  相似文献   

Microbial diversity in Huguangyan Maar Lake of China revealed by high-throughput sequencing     

HOU Qinghua  FANG Zhou  ZHU Qingmei  DONG Hongpo 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(4):1245-1257

Huguangyan Maar Lake is a typical maar lake in the southeast of China. It is well preserved and not disturbed by anthropogenic activities. In this study, microbial community structures in sediment and water samples from Huguangyan Maar Lake were investigated using a high-throughput sequencing method. We found significant differences between the microbial community compositions of the water and the sediment. The sediment samples contained more diverse Bacteria and Archaea than did the water samples. Actinobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria predominated in the water samples while Deltaproteobacteria, Anaerolineae, Nitrospira, and Dehalococcoidia were the major bacterial groups in the sediment. As for Archaea, Woesearchaeota (DHVEG-6), unclassified Archaea, and Deep Sea Euryarchaeotic Group were detected at higher abundances in the water, whereas the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group, Thermoplasmata, and Methanomicrobia were significantly more abundant in the sediment. Interactions between Bacteria and Archaea were common in both the water column and the sediment. The concentrations of major nutrients (NO^3-, PO4^3-, SiO3^2- and NH4^+) shaped the microbial population structures in the water. At the higher phylogenetic levels including phylum and class, many of the dominant groups were those that were also abundant in other lakes;however, novel microbial populations (unclassified) were often seen at the lower phylogenetic levels. Our study lays a foundation for examining microbial biogeochemical cycling in sequestered lakes or reservoirs.  相似文献   

基于2D地图的城市户外ARGIS视觉辅助地理配准技术     

邓晨  游雄  张威巍  智梅霞 《测绘学报》2019,48(10):1305-1319

针对当前便携式位姿传感器获取的户外6DOF绝对位姿精度通常不足,致使基于位姿传感器的户外AR地理配准精度不高,提出了一种以2D地图作为参考数据进行户外视觉辅助定位进而提高ARGIS系统地理配准精度的方法和技术框架。在位姿传感器获取初始位姿的基础上,详细阐述了基于2D地图进行图像位姿优化和辅助校正的基本原理;并通过试验验证了该方法可以对位姿传感器获取的初始位姿进行优化,进而提高户外AR地理配准精度的有效性。  相似文献   

Indoor localization for pedestrians with real-time capability using multi-sensor smartphones     

Catia Real Ehrlich 《地球空间信息科学学报》2019,22(2):73-88

ABSTRACT

The localization of persons or objects usually refers to a position determined in a spatial reference system. Outdoors, this is usually accomplished with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). However, the automatic positioning of people in GNSS-free environments, especially inside of buildings (indoors) poses a huge challenge. Indoors, satellite signals are attenuated, shielded or reflected by building components (e.g. walls or ceilings). For selected applications, the automatic indoor positioning is possible based on different technologies (e.g. WiFi, RFID, or UWB). However, a standard solution is still not available. Many indoor positioning systems are only suitable for specific applications or are deployed under certain conditions, e.g. additional infrastructures or sensor technologies. Smartphones, as popular cost-effective multi-sensor systems, is a promising indoor localization platform for the mass-market and is increasingly coming into focus. Today’s devices are equipped with a variety of sensors that can be used for indoor positioning. In this contribution, an approach to smartphone-based pedestrian indoor localization is presented. The novelty of this approach refers to a holistic, real-time pedestrian localization inside of buildings based on multi-sensor smartphones and easy-to-install local positioning systems. For this purpose, the barometric altitude is estimated in order to derive the floor on which the user is located. The 2D position is determined subsequently using the principle of pedestrian dead reckoning based on user's movements extracted from the smartphone sensors. In order to minimize the strong error accumulation in the localization caused by various sensor errors, additional information is integrated into the position estimation. The building model is used to identify permissible (e.g. rooms, passageways) and impermissible (e.g. walls) building areas for the pedestrian. Several technologies contributing to higher precision and robustness are also included. For the fusion of different linear and non-linear data, an advanced algorithm based on the Sequential Monte Carlo method is presented.  相似文献   

船载海水温度观测研究     

朱洪海  祁国梁  刘茂科  王志  杨俊贤  贺亚楠  刘帅 《海洋科学》2021,45(5):87-95

通过研究国家相关海洋观测标准对海水温度观测的规约,结合当前船载水温观测的现状,提出了基于总线的船载磁吸附温度链式观测方法,并对其在结构设计、理论模型、算法等多方面进行了阐述.通过多个竖直分布的温度传感器实时观测,采用自适应参数化算法,有效减少了风浪、海流、热辐射等方面的影响,具有观测层深相对固定、精度高等特点,可实现船...  相似文献   

SL3 1型雨量传感器的构件改进和维护方法     

孟庆勇  丽东 《气象科技》2014,42(4):597-600

根据近几年的自动气象站野外维护工作经验,对SL3-1型翻斗式雨量传感器的各类易发故障原因进行分类分析,依据相关技术要求和参考其他类似仪器的设计结构原理,并结合西藏气象台站各时段历年最大降水量的具体情况,对该仪器的进水构件、电气构件、底座构件提出了具体的改进措施和建议,达到减少该仪器的故障发生频次和提高观测精度的目的。为保证校准后的仪器符合准确性和比较性的要求,总结该仪器野外维护工作中时效方面存在的问题,提出自制存放核心部件专用设备箱的建议,以提高该仪器的野外维护工作时效。  相似文献   

沼泽湿地垦殖对土壤碳动态的影响   总被引：20，自引：7，他引：13  

张金波  宋长春  杨文燕 《地理科学》2006,26(3):340-344

在中国科学院三江平原湿地生态试验站选取相邻的、土壤类型相同的小叶章沼泽化草甸以及不同开垦殖年限的已垦湿地农田,综合运用多种微生物指标,全面地评价沼泽湿地垦殖后土壤有机碳的动态。结果表明,沼泽湿地垦殖初期(1~3年),土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物商以及基础呼吸(BR)都迅速降低,而代谢商(qCO₂)、PR/BR和PR/MBC比值却不断升高。表明湿地垦殖后,有机碳的可利用性下降,微生物对碳源的利用效率降低,造成土壤有机碳的大量损失。各种微生物指标之间有密切的相关关系,综合这些微生物指标能够全面地、准确地评价沼泽湿地垦殖后土壤有机碳的动态。  相似文献   

白云岩成因相关问题及主要形成模式   总被引：23，自引：5，他引：18  

张学丰  胡文瑄  张军涛 《地质科技情报》2006,25(5):32-40

在综述白云岩成因研究历程和最新成果的基础上,总结阐述了与之相关的4个方面的问题:①尽管白云岩原生沉淀与次生交代成因分歧依旧,但越来越多的证据表明白云岩的形成以次生交代为主;②白云石难以直接沉淀的原因是受结晶动力学条件制约,而非热力学因素;③控制次生交代强度和规模的关键条件是富Mg流体的来源及其量的大小;④微生物活动很可能有助于白云岩的形成。关于白云岩化模式,其核心是构建富Mg流体与先成钙质碳酸盐岩相互作用的条件与场所,其中浓缩正常海水模式、萨布哈模式、混合水模式和埋藏白云岩化模式等具有一定的普遍性。理清白云岩成因问题,对于认识以白云岩及其相关的碳酸盐岩为储层的油气勘探工作尤为重要。  相似文献