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81.
大洋铁锰结核的微生物成矿过程及其研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
深海铁锰结核作为世界上潜在的巨大金属宝库已成为当今开发海底矿藏的热点,因而深入了解铁锰结核成矿过程成为其开发利用的先决条件。研究发现多金属铁锰结核中的铁锰矿物不仅仅是由单纯的物理作用形成的,同时也包含了海洋生物驱动的生物矿化的过程。本文介绍了运用分子生物学、矿物学和地球化学等多学科的研究方法对大洋中铁锰的生物成矿过程和成矿特征的研究。深海铁锰结核的生长速率缓慢且其生长演化伴随着微生物群落的活动,因此结核的生长过程同时也记录着不同时期微生物群落结构的变化并生成了大量的微生物化石。在铁和锰的生物矿化过程中,细菌可以通过酶促反应氧化Fe(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅱ),同时可能伴随生物能量的生成,此外微生物还可以通过非酶促反应的方式促进Fe和Mn的富集沉淀。这些研究表明生物矿化作用在大洋铁锰结核成矿过程中有巨大贡献,对大洋铁锰结核的生物成因过程提供更加全面准确的理解,从而为今后进一步充实大洋铁锰结核的生物矿化理论及其开发利用提供依据。 相似文献
82.
SA Mwachireya M Carreiro-Silva BE Hartwick TR McClanahan 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):25-42
Microbioerosion rates and microbioeroder community structure were studied in four Kenyan protected coral-reef lagoons using shell fragments of Tridacna giant clams to determine their response to the influence of terrestrial run-off. Fourteen different microbioeroder traces from seven cyanobacteria, three green algae and four fungi species were identified. The river discharge-impacted reef and ‘pristine’ reef showed similar composition but higher microbioeroder abundance and total cyanobacteria- and chlorophyte-bioeroded areas when compared with the other study reefs. Cyanobacteria dominated during the north-east monsoon (NEM) relative to the south-east monsoon (SEM) season, with algae and cyanobacteria being major microbioeroders in the river-impacted and pristine reefs. The rate of microbioerosion varied between 4.3 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1 (SEM) and 134.7 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1 (NEM), and was highest in the river-impacted reef (127.6 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1), which was almost double that in the pristine reef (69.5 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1) and the mangrove-fringed reef (56.2 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1). The microbioerosion rates measured in this study may not be high enough to cause concern with regard to the health and net carbonate production of Kenya’s coral reefs. Nevertheless, predicted increases in the frequency and severity of stresses related to global climate change (e.g. increased sea surface temperature, acidification), as well as interactions with local disturbances and their influence on bioerosion, may be increasingly important in the future. 相似文献
83.
作物胁迫无人机遥感监测研究评述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作物胁迫是全球农业发展的一个重要制约因素,实现快速、大范围、实时的作物胁迫监测对于农业生产具有重要意义。传统的作物胁迫监测方式,如田间调查、理化检测和卫星遥感监测总是受到各种田间条件或大气条件的制约。随着无人机和各种轻量化传感器的快速发展,其凭借高频、迅捷等优势为各种作物胁迫监测提供了一套全新的解决方案。本文在介绍了目前主流的多种无人机和传感器的基础上,首先对目前无人机遥感用于作物监测的主要胁迫类型进行了梳理,然后重点阐述了基于光谱成像和热红外传感器进行作物胁迫无人机遥感监测的应用和技术方法,最后提出了作物胁迫无人机遥感监测尚需解决的关键问题,并展望了未来无人机遥感用于作物胁迫监测的前景。 相似文献
84.
Microbes are believed to play important roles in ecosystem function in many environments. The hot springs of Xiamen Island are close to the Xiamen Sea, and may have some characteristics different from those of inland hot springs. Microbes living in the hot springs of Xiamen may have new characteristics. However, little is known about microbial communities of hot springs close to the Xiamen Sea. A culturedependent survey of microbial population in the Xiamen hot springs was performed by using an approach combining total cellular protein profile identification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 328 isolates of bacteria were obtained from liquid and sediment samples from the Xiamen hot springs, including neutrophilic thermophilic bacteria and moderately thermophilic acidophiles. Neutrophilic thermophilic bacteria, which grow at a temperature range of 55—90℃ including Rhodothermus marinus (Strain 1), Thermus thermophilus (Strain 2), Thermus thiopara (Strain 3), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Strain 4), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (Strain 5), and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (Strain 6), were recovered by 2216E plates. Moderately thermophilic acidophiles, which can grow at temperatures above 50℃ and a pH range of 1.8—3.5 such as Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (Strain 8), Sulfobacillus acidophilus (Strain 9), and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans (Strain 10), were isolated on selective solid medium containing sulfur and Fe2+. Among these strains, Rhodothermus marinus, Thermus thermophilus and Geobacillus stearothermophilus are not only thermophiles, but also halophiles. One bacterium strain (Strain 6) shared 99% nucleotide sequence homology with Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, but was quite different from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes in biological characteristics, suggesting that it may represent a novel thermophilic species. Results indicated that various species of neutrophilic thermophiles and moderately thermophilic acidophiles were widely distributed in the Xiamen hot springs and that Rhodothermus marinus and Thermus thermophilus dominated the cultivable microbial community. 相似文献
85.
86.
海洋环境无线传感器网络监测体系与应用技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对目前海洋环境监测中急需解决的主要技术问题.对海洋环境无线传感器网络监测的体系结构进行了研究,通过对Crossbow无线传感器网络的拓扑结构和软件架构进行分析与试验.提出其技术优势和有待解决的应 用问题. 相似文献
87.
为了实现温室控制,针对温室环境的多输入、多输出、非线性和难以建立数学模型等特点,提出一种基于BP神经网络的专家系统并用于温室控制。该方法将传感器采集的温度、湿度等信息输入到神经网络专家系统,在获得决策结果的同时通知控制部分执行相应的决策。这种方法不仅解决了传统专家系统知识获取的瓶颈问题、推理能力差、智能化低的缺点,而且克服了神经网络不具有解释功能的问题。总之,成功实现了神经网络和专家系统功能上的互补,较好的用于温室控制。 相似文献
88.
Calibrating the GOCE accelerations with star sensor data and a global gravity field model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A reliable and accurate gradiometer calibration is essential for the scientific return of the gravity field and steady-state
ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) mission. This paper describes a new method for external calibration of the GOCE gradiometer
accelerations. A global gravity field model in combination with star sensor quaternions is used to compute reference differential
accelerations, which may be used to estimate various combinations of gradiometer scale factors, internal gradiometer misalignments
and misalignments between star sensor and gradiometer. In many aspects, the new method is complementary to the GOCE in-flight
calibration. In contrast to the in-flight calibration, which requires a satellite-shaking phase, the new method uses data
from the nominal measurement phases. The results of a simulation study show that gradiometer scale factors can be estimated
on a weekly basis with accuracies better than 2 × 10−3 for the ultrasensitive and 10−2 for the less sensitive axes, which is compatible with the requirements of the gravity gradient error. Based on a 58-day data
set, scale factors are found that can reduce the errors of the in-flight-calibrated measurements. The elements of the complete
inverse calibration matrix, representing both the internal gradiometer misalignments and scale factors, can be estimated with
accuracies in general better than 10−3. 相似文献
89.
90.