海水中致病菌检测研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘淑文  丁家旺  秦伟 《海洋科学》2017,41(2):145-156

海水中致病菌种类繁多、致病性强,对水产养殖和人体健康存在着潜在危害。传统的检测方法培养过程复杂繁琐、耗时长、效率低,难以满足实际工作的需求。因此,建立海水中致病菌的快速、灵敏、准确的检测技术势在必行。本文综述了流式细胞技术、分子生物学方法、免疫学方法和生物传感器技术等在海水致病菌检测中的应用,总结了上述方法在海水致病菌检测中的研究现状。  相似文献   

基于de novo高通量测序的曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)ESTs中微卫星位点筛选与特征分析     

吕振明  侯龙  龚理  刘立芹  陈永久  郭宝英  董迎辉  吴常文 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(4):877-883

对均一化转录组测序获得的47604个曼氏无针乌贼的微卫星序列进行分析,结果表明,乌贼转录组中微卫星位点丰富,每1402nt的EST中就有一段不小于12nt长度的微卫星序列。单碱基重复是EST微卫星序列的主要形式(38.69%),其次依次为三碱基(31.14%)、二碱基(26.35%)、四碱基(3.29%)、五碱基(0.38%)、六碱基(0.14%)重复,短序列类型占微卫星总量的96.18%。同碱基类型的微卫星序列组成又存在差异,AC(54.51%)和AG(31.22%)是最常见的二碱基重复序列;而AGC(16.37%)和AAC(14.06%)是最常见的三碱基重复序列。通过引物设计和体系优化,共筛选到了24对多态性微卫星位点,对来自福建漳州海域的35只野生曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)个体进行群体遗传学检测,结果表明,每个位点检测到的等位基因数3—10个不等(均值5.9个);平均杂合度观测值(Ho)和期望值(H_e)分别为0.518和0.681。除2个位点外所有位点的多态信息含量(PIC)都大于0.5。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测表明,仅4个位点有显著偏离(P0.05),未检测到连锁不平衡现象。这表明转录组高通量测序技术适于乌贼微卫星位点的开发,获得的SSR标记可用于今后乌贼资源遗传评估和科学有效管理过程。  相似文献   

凯氏拟小球藻己糖激酶基因的克隆及其在不同培养条件下的表达分析     

陈军  崔红利  赵佳琳  秦松 《海洋科学》2017,41(7):1-8

为研究凯氏拟小球藻(Parachlorellakessleri)糖代谢分子机制,本研究采用RT-PCR和RACE技术从凯氏拟小球藻中克隆了己糖激酶基因CkeHK(GenBankID:AHF54566),并对其自养、异养、混养条件下的转录表达进行分析。结果表明,该序列的cDNA全长为1844bp,开放阅读框1389bp,编码462个氨基酸。该蛋白的相对分子质量为49.73,等电点为6.98。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,以自养培养条件为对照,异养培养和混养培养条件下,CkeHK均能够发生明显上调,且混养条件下上调量比异养条件下上调量更多,说明CkeHK可能在凯氏拟小球藻利用外源糖的过程发挥重要作用,并且光信号对于凯氏拟小球藻利用外源糖可能存在调控作用。这些研究结果为进一步阐明CkeHK的功能及其作用机制奠定了分子基础。  相似文献   

水化硅酸钙动态力学性能的分子动力学模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周继凯  金龙  陈徐东 《地震学刊》2014,(3):277-282

对水泥主要水化产物——水化硅酸钙的力学特性进行了分子动力学模拟。采用Hamid 1.1纳米托贝莫来石作为水化硅酸钙的初始结构,通过分子动力学模拟,获得水化硅酸钙的拉伸和压缩应力应变关系,并考虑了应变率和原子数对力学特性的影响。分子动力学模拟研究发现,计算峰值应力、峰值应变都较宏观试验结果高出很多;拉伸峰值应力较压缩峰值应力要小;峰值应力、峰值应变和弹性模量随着应变率的增加而增加,随着模拟晶胞体积（原子数）的增加而降低。研究表明采用分子动力学模拟能获得原子尺度水化硅酸钙动态力学性能,为揭示水泥基材料动态力学性能微观机理奠定了基础。  相似文献   

有机蒙脱石层间微结构的分子模拟     

魏景明  杨华明  朱建喜  沈伟  袁鹏  何宏平  陈鸣 《矿物岩石》2009,29(1)

采用分子动力学模拟方法,对舍烷基长链阳离子表面活性剂改性有机蒙脱石的层间域内分子环境及烷基长链排列状况进行模拟研究,并考察改性剂负载量与层间域含水量的改变对烷基链排列方式和活动性以及表面活性剂离子中N,C原子的分布状况的影响.1.0倍阳离子交换容量改性的有机蒙脱石在含少量水的情况下(干态),N,C原子均呈双层分布,表明烷基长链为双层平卧排列.含水量的提高(湿态)会导致烷基链从双层分布向在层闻域内均匀分布转变.2.0倍阳离子交换容量改性的有机蒙脱石在舍少量水的情况下(干态),烷基链呈双层倾斜分布于层间域内,烷基链的头部靠近四面体片层.含水量的提高(湿态)对烷基链在层间域内分布状态影响有限,但会导致烷基链整体向层间域中心平面移动,水分子优先占据靠近四面体片层的位置.  相似文献   

Removal of intertidal algae by herbivores in experimental frames and on shores near Auckland     

Penelope A. Luckens 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):637-654

When grazing animals are excluded from any intertidal area algae grow unchecked. In screened frames on the shore where predation experiments are in progress such growth is undesirable. A number of shore herbivores were tested for their ability to remove such algal growth and prevent its reformation without interfering with the main experiments. Only the browsing species Lunella smaragda and Melagraphia aethiops were capable of removing large algal growths, and these species were acceptable food for some of the predatory species. The complex inter‐relationship between grazing species and shore zonation at several places near Auckland is discussed.  相似文献   

Pfiesteria shumwayae (Pfiesteriaceae) in New Zealand     

Lesley L. Rhodes  Joann M. Burkholder  Howard B. Glasgow  Parke A. Rublee  Coy Allen  Janet E. Adamson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):621-630

Pfiesteria shumwayae Steidinger et Burkholder is now known to be present in New Zealand and occurs in estuaries around the country. The presence of Pfiesteria was initially determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based detection assay, using oligonucleotide primers targeted at ribosomal DNA extracted from estuarine water and sediments. Presence was confirmed by isolation from fresh sediments in the presence offish (Oreochromis mossambicus), followed by identification by scanning electron microscopy. The New Zealand isolates of P. shumwayae were ichthyotoxic in bioassays, but there is no historic evidence offish kills in New Zealand associated with the dinoflagellate.  相似文献   

Investigating the molecular systematic relationships amongst selected Plesionika (Decapoda: Pandalidae) from the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea     

Joana M da Silva  Antonina dos Santos  Marina R Cunha  Filipe O Costa  Simon Creer  Gary R Carvalho 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(2):157-170

Despite the high number of species and ecological diversity of pandalid shrimps, there has been no previous attempt to resolve evolutionary relationships of several genera using molecular tools. Although mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) is widely used in barcoding studies to delimit species boundaries, additional insights into phylogenetic affinities can be obtained, especially when used in combination with data from additional genes. The knowledge of molecular diversity is essential to understand phylogenetic relationships and will help systematic clarifications. Based on partial fragments of the 16S and COI genes, we have focused specifically on addressing the systematic relationships of the economically and ecologically important shrimp genus Plesionika within a framework of five genera from within the Pandalidae. Our results showed that species within Plesionika are substantially divergent when compared with other genera, exhibiting the highest average nucleotide divergence, with 0.1123 and 0.0846 in COI and 16S genes, respectively. In addition, sequence divergence was found to vary greatly within the genus Plesionika (COI/16S): 0.0247/0.0016 between Plesionika antigai and Plesionika heterocarpus and 0.1616/0.098 between Plesionika heterocarpus and Plesionika edwardsii. We did not find amino acid sequence divergence between P. heterocarpus and P. antigai compared with P. heterocarpus and P. edwardsii (8.10%, K2P distance). Three species of Plesionika (P. antigai, P. heterocarpus and Plesionika scopifera) appear well separated from other Plesionika species in both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The present study confirms the utility of COI over 16S as a genetic marker to resolve relationships between different species of Plesionika from the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, in addition to species delimitation. The findings highlight the need to further review paraphyly within Plesionika in an attempt to recognize a concordance in the evolutionary history of Plesionika with major ecological and geological events.  相似文献   

Population genetics of Sargassum horneri (Fucales, Phaeophyta) in China revealed by ISSR and SRAP markers     

于深辉  崇卓  赵凤娟  姚建亭  段德麟 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(3):609-616

Sargassum horneri is a common brown macro-alga that is found in the inter-tidal ecosystems of China. To investigate the current status of seaweed resources and provide basic data for its sustainable development, ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) and SRAP (sequence related amplified polymorphism) markers were used to analyze the population genetics among nine natural populations of S. horneri. The nine studied populations were distributed over 2 000 km from northeast to south China. The percentage of polymorphic loci P% (ISSR, 99.44%; SRAP, 100.00%), Nei’s genetic diversity H (ISSR, 0.107-0.199; SRAP, 0.100-0.153), and Shannon’s information index I (ISSR, 0.157-0.291; SRAP, 0.148-0.219) indicated a fair amount of genetic variability among the nine populations. Moreover, the high degree of gene differentiation G st (ISSR, 0.654; SRAP, 0.718) and low gene flow N m (ISSR, 0.265; SRAP, 0.196) implied that there was significant among-population differentiation, possibly as a result of habitat fragmentation. The matrices of genetic distances and fixation indices (F st ) among the populations correlated well with their geographical distribution (Mantel test R=0.541 5, 0.541 8; P=0.005 0, 0.002 0 and R=0.728 6, 0.641 2; P=0.001 0, 0.001 0, respectively); the Rongcheng population in the Shandong peninsula was the only exception. Overall, the genetic differentiation agreed with the geographic isolation. The fair amount of genetic diversity that was revealed in the S. horneri populations in China indicated that the seaweed resources had not been seriously affected by external factors.  相似文献   

Culture observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis on the blooming green alga Chaetomorpha valida (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) from China     

邓蕴彦  汤晓荣  詹子锋  滕林宏  丁兰平  黄冰心 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(3):552-559

The marine green alga Chaetomorpha valida fouls aquaculture ponds along the coastal cities of Dalian and Rongcheng, China. Unialgal cultures were observed under a microscope to determine the developmental morphological characters of C. valida. Results reveal that gametophytic filaments often produce lateral branches under laboratory culture conditions, suggesting an atypical heteromorphic life cycle of C. valida between unbranched sporophytes and branched gametophytes, which differs from typical isomorphic alternation of Chaetomorpha species. The shape of the basal attachment cell, an important taxonomic character within the genus, was found variable depending on environmental conditions. The 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA regions were used to explore the phylogenetic affinity of the taxa. Inferred trees from 18S rDNA sequences revealed a close relationship between C. valida and Chaetomorpha moniligera. These results would enrich information in general biology and morphological plasticity of C. valida and provided a basis for future identification of green tide forming algae.  相似文献