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991.
Rapid facies changes in Holocene fissure ridge hot spring travertines, Rapolano Terme, Italy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Holocene hot water travertine continues to form at Terme San Giovanni, near Rapolano Terme, central Italy, although artificial diversion of the water has reduced deposition. Mesothermal water (≈38–39 °C) emerging from fault-controlled vents located on a hilltop has created a linear fissure ridge 240 m long and up to 10 m high. Active parts of the ridge crest are covered by small cones; inactive parts are locally neotectonically fissured and have small pools. Ridge deposits include crystalline crust, paper-thin raft and shrub lithotypes. The ridge has both smooth and terraced marginal slopes, dominated by crystalline crusts with small shrubs in terrace pools. At the base of the ridge, there is a rapid transition to lateral flats and depressions, where water from the ridge collects and deposits shrub, irregular pisoid, reed, paper-thin raft and fine-grained and organic-rich travertines. Water channelled to nearby valley sides deposits thick crystalline crusts on valley slopes and waterfall overhangs, locally with small pools filled by smooth spherical pisoids. On the valley floor, mixing of waters forms varied stream-fill deposits that include micritic reed, paper-thin raft and coated bubble travertines. The diversity of travertine facies observed results from the location of the Terme San Giovanni hot springs on a hill crest, thus providing a wide array of downslope locations for further deposition. The abrupt facies transitions observed are characteristic of hot spring carbonates and result from a combination of rapid decrease in precipitation away from vents, variations in local surface topography and the feedback effect of travertine deposition itself, which dams and diverts water flow. 相似文献
992.
山东蓬莱位于胶东地体北缘中部。板块动力作用形成了前古生代近EW向构造和中生代NE—NNE向走滑断层,侏罗纪以来地幔柱构造作用逐渐加强,地壳伸展减薄,幔源物质上涌,导致新生代碱性玄武岩喷发。碱性玄武岩中普通辉石、镁铝榴石等可作为低档宝石原料。玄武岩的构造背景、喷发形式、火山机构、岩性特征等与昌乐赋蓝宝石的碧玄岩极为相似,经过有针对性的详细调查研究,寻找红、蓝宝石是有希望的。 相似文献
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995.
K. V. Subbarao 《Journal of Earth System Science》2000,109(1):49-55
Similar Sr isotopic ratios (∼ 0.7055) for the tholeiite-spilite flow unit and the associated mineral phases, of Bombay (Deccan
Traps) provide a direct evidence for the spilitic degradation of tholeiite. In contrast, a dramatic increase in the rare earth
elements (REE) from basalt to spilite is rather puzzling as rare earths are considered to be relatively immobile. The geochemistry
thus suggests that the process of spilitization is due to the reaction with a complex fluid having identical Sr-isotopic composition
as that of the basaltic magma—thereby masking the details of the mixing process. 相似文献
996.
IMPLICATIONS OF THE DEEP-SEATED XENOLITHS IN CENOZOIC BASALT IN KANGXIWA, WEST KUNLUN,CHINA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
IMPLICATIONS OF THE DEEP-SEATED XENOLITHS IN CENOZOIC BASALT IN KANGXIWA, WEST KUNLUN,CHINA 相似文献
997.
998.
冲绳海槽玄武岩中单斜辉石的特征及其意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
冲绳海槽海底玄武岩中存在着三种不同世代的单斜辉石,即斑晶,微晶和基质辉石,它们的平均粒径分别约为400μm,30μm和5μm。斑晶辉石在电子探针下可见到明显的核部与边部之分;微晶辉石无明显的环带构造;基质辉石粒径细小但数量较大。这三个世代的辉石在成分上差异较为明显,从斑晶辉石的核部→边部和微晶辉石→基质辉石,成分从富铁向富镁,钙方向演化,这与封闭体系的辉石成分演化趋势正好相反,辉石的形态和成分特征反映出该玄武岩浆存在岩浆混合的特征,它们也可反演该地幔岩浆的活动过程;源自上地幔的拉斑玄武岩浆,在从源区向浅部岩浆房上升,运移过程中,受到携带相对富铁单斜辉石的较酸性岩浆的注入,混合;在浅部岩浆房中,混合岩浆结晶形成斑晶的边部和微晶辉石;基质辉石则是岩浆喷出洋底后淬冷结晶的结果,冲 槽玄武岩中三个世代的单斜辉石较好的完整记录了地幔岩浆后系列活动过程。 相似文献
999.
1000.
The orthogonal supersegment of the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge at 16°–25°E is characterized by significant along-axis variations of mantle potential temperature. A detailed analysis of multibeam bathymetry,gravity, and magnetic data were performed to investigate its variations in magma supply and crustal accretion process. The results revealed distinct across-axis variations of magma supply. Specifically, the regionally averaged crustal thickness reduced systematically from around 7 Ma to the present, indicating a regionally decreasing magma supply. The crustal structure is asymmetric in regional scale between the conjugate ridge flanks, with the faster-spreading southern flank showing thinner crust and greater degree of tectonic extension. Geodynamic models of mantle melting suggested that the observed variations in axial crustal thickness and major element geochemistry can be adequately explained by an eastward decrease in mantle potential temperature of about40°C beneath the ridge axis. In this work, a synthesized model was proposed to explain the axial variations of magma supply and ridge segmentation stabilities. The existence of large ridge-axis offsets may play important roles in controlling melt supply. Several large ridge-axis offsets in the eastern section(21°–25°E) caused sustained along-axis focusing of magma supply at the centers of eastern ridge segments, enabling quasi-stable segmentation. In contrast, the western section(16°–21°E), which lacks large ridge-axis offsets, is associated with unstable segmentation patterns. 相似文献