古热液生物群的研究进展及意义     

庞艳春  林丽  朱利东  付修根  王新利 《地球科学进展》2005,20(9):954-960

随着现代海底热液生物群研究工作的深入,开展地质历史时期的古热液生物群研究的必要性也日益凸现。近年来古热液生物群研究已取得一定的进展,结合前人的工作,总结了所发现的古热液生物群的时空分布、产出地质背景、化石壳体保存特征、化石组合特征等内容。简述了开展古热液生物群研究工作的一般方法有:描述法、比较法与地球化学方法。最后,从现代热液生物群研究意义的角度出发,讨论了古热液生物群研究在生物起源、热液活动和板块构造、环境治理以及生物成矿等方面的重要意义,并提出当前古热液生物群研究存在的问题及今后的工作重点。  相似文献   

松辽盆地上白垩统陆相遗迹化石及其沉积环境   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

郑玉龙  陈春瑞  任林伟 《古地理学报》2005,7(3):337-346

松辽盆地上白垩统中含有丰富的遗迹化石,通过对该盆地20余口取心井岩心的详细观察,发现了6大类动物遗迹化石15属20种。根据这些遗迹化石的分布规律,在松辽盆地上白垩统中划分出5种遗迹化石组合：（1）Scoyenia遗迹组合,主要成分有Scoyenia gracilis、Skolithos和Planolites,偶见停息迹化石,反映的是遭受周期性暴露的极浅水环境;（2）Skolithos遗迹组合,主要以Skolithos和Cylindricum十分发育为特征,分异度小,丰度高,反映的是高能动水环境。（3）Arenicolites遗迹组合,主要以Arenicolites和Polykladichnus大量发育为特征,还见有Skolithos、Planolites、Thalassinoides和逃逸迹等化石,分异度较高,反映了水流能量较低的浅水环境;（4）Planolites遗迹组合,以密集分布的Planolites十分发育为特征,分异度小,丰度高,见有少量指示缺氧环境的Chondrites化石,反映了水体较平静的还原环境;（5）Fuersichnus遗迹组合,主要由Fuersichnus、Glockeria、Gordia、Megagrapton和Planolites等遗迹分子构成,反映了相对平静的深水环境。  相似文献   

南天山区域大地构造与演化   总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27  

李曰俊  杨海军  赵岩  罗俊成  郑多明  刘亚雷 《大地构造与成矿学》2009,33(1)

塔里木和中天山之间的南天山造山带,经历了复杂的构造演化与地壳增生过程。综合分析南天山造山带的构造、地层、古生物、岩石、地球化学和同位素年代学等方面的资料,特别是放射虫、蛇绿岩、蓝片岩等方面的最新研究成果,讨论了南天山的区域构造格局和演化过程。南天山主体为一上百公里宽的增生-碰撞混杂带-南天山(蛇绿)混杂带;其北侧为中天山岛弧,是仰冲壳楔;南侧为塔里木陆块,是俯冲壳楔。古南天山洋为一广阔的大洋,南天山碰撞造山作用起始于二叠纪末-三叠纪初,新近纪-第四纪进入陆内造山作用阶段。  相似文献   

有机蒙脱石层间微结构的分子模拟     

魏景明  杨华明  朱建喜  沈伟  袁鹏  何宏平  陈鸣 《矿物岩石》2009,29(1)

采用分子动力学模拟方法,对舍烷基长链阳离子表面活性剂改性有机蒙脱石的层间域内分子环境及烷基长链排列状况进行模拟研究,并考察改性剂负载量与层间域含水量的改变对烷基链排列方式和活动性以及表面活性剂离子中N,C原子的分布状况的影响.1.0倍阳离子交换容量改性的有机蒙脱石在含少量水的情况下(干态),N,C原子均呈双层分布,表明烷基长链为双层平卧排列.含水量的提高(湿态)会导致烷基链从双层分布向在层闻域内均匀分布转变.2.0倍阳离子交换容量改性的有机蒙脱石在舍少量水的情况下(干态),烷基链呈双层倾斜分布于层间域内,烷基链的头部靠近四面体片层.含水量的提高(湿态)对烷基链在层间域内分布状态影响有限,但会导致烷基链整体向层间域中心平面移动,水分子优先占据靠近四面体片层的位置.  相似文献   

Removal of intertidal algae by herbivores in experimental frames and on shores near Auckland     

Penelope A. Luckens 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):637-654

When grazing animals are excluded from any intertidal area algae grow unchecked. In screened frames on the shore where predation experiments are in progress such growth is undesirable. A number of shore herbivores were tested for their ability to remove such algal growth and prevent its reformation without interfering with the main experiments. Only the browsing species Lunella smaragda and Melagraphia aethiops were capable of removing large algal growths, and these species were acceptable food for some of the predatory species. The complex inter‐relationship between grazing species and shore zonation at several places near Auckland is discussed.  相似文献   

Pfiesteria shumwayae (Pfiesteriaceae) in New Zealand     

Lesley L. Rhodes  Joann M. Burkholder  Howard B. Glasgow  Parke A. Rublee  Coy Allen  Janet E. Adamson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):621-630

Pfiesteria shumwayae Steidinger et Burkholder is now known to be present in New Zealand and occurs in estuaries around the country. The presence of Pfiesteria was initially determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based detection assay, using oligonucleotide primers targeted at ribosomal DNA extracted from estuarine water and sediments. Presence was confirmed by isolation from fresh sediments in the presence offish (Oreochromis mossambicus), followed by identification by scanning electron microscopy. The New Zealand isolates of P. shumwayae were ichthyotoxic in bioassays, but there is no historic evidence offish kills in New Zealand associated with the dinoflagellate.  相似文献   

Investigating the molecular systematic relationships amongst selected Plesionika (Decapoda: Pandalidae) from the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea     

Joana M da Silva  Antonina dos Santos  Marina R Cunha  Filipe O Costa  Simon Creer  Gary R Carvalho 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(2):157-170

Despite the high number of species and ecological diversity of pandalid shrimps, there has been no previous attempt to resolve evolutionary relationships of several genera using molecular tools. Although mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) is widely used in barcoding studies to delimit species boundaries, additional insights into phylogenetic affinities can be obtained, especially when used in combination with data from additional genes. The knowledge of molecular diversity is essential to understand phylogenetic relationships and will help systematic clarifications. Based on partial fragments of the 16S and COI genes, we have focused specifically on addressing the systematic relationships of the economically and ecologically important shrimp genus Plesionika within a framework of five genera from within the Pandalidae. Our results showed that species within Plesionika are substantially divergent when compared with other genera, exhibiting the highest average nucleotide divergence, with 0.1123 and 0.0846 in COI and 16S genes, respectively. In addition, sequence divergence was found to vary greatly within the genus Plesionika (COI/16S): 0.0247/0.0016 between Plesionika antigai and Plesionika heterocarpus and 0.1616/0.098 between Plesionika heterocarpus and Plesionika edwardsii. We did not find amino acid sequence divergence between P. heterocarpus and P. antigai compared with P. heterocarpus and P. edwardsii (8.10%, K2P distance). Three species of Plesionika (P. antigai, P. heterocarpus and Plesionika scopifera) appear well separated from other Plesionika species in both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The present study confirms the utility of COI over 16S as a genetic marker to resolve relationships between different species of Plesionika from the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, in addition to species delimitation. The findings highlight the need to further review paraphyly within Plesionika in an attempt to recognize a concordance in the evolutionary history of Plesionika with major ecological and geological events.  相似文献   

The fauna and chemical composition of some athalassic saline waters in New Zealand     

I. A. E. Bayly 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):105-117

The fauna and chemical composition of two athalassic saline waters located near central Otago are discussed, and available rainfall and evaporation data for the region summarised. One water (dominated by Na and C1) had a salinity of 15‰ and contained the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, the copepod Microcyclops monacanthus, the ostracod Diacypris, and larvae of the dipteran Ephydrella The second water (dominated by Na and HCO₃) had a salinity of 6‰ and contained larvae of Ephydrella (adults of E. novaezealandiae occurred on the shore), and the hemipterans Sigara arguta, Anisops wakefieldi and Anisops assimilis The relationship between Microcyclops monacanthus and M. arnaudi (an Australian species), and the basis of their current taxonomic separation is discussed in some detail.

At a minimum, the faunas of Australian and New Zealand athalassic saline waters have in common the following distinctive (non‐cosmopolitan) forms: Ephydrella, Diacypris, and two closely related halobiont species of Microcyclops  相似文献   

Culture observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis on the blooming green alga Chaetomorpha valida (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) from China     

邓蕴彦  汤晓荣  詹子锋  滕林宏  丁兰平  黄冰心 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(3):552-559

The marine green alga Chaetomorpha valida fouls aquaculture ponds along the coastal cities of Dalian and Rongcheng, China. Unialgal cultures were observed under a microscope to determine the developmental morphological characters of C. valida. Results reveal that gametophytic filaments often produce lateral branches under laboratory culture conditions, suggesting an atypical heteromorphic life cycle of C. valida between unbranched sporophytes and branched gametophytes, which differs from typical isomorphic alternation of Chaetomorpha species. The shape of the basal attachment cell, an important taxonomic character within the genus, was found variable depending on environmental conditions. The 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA regions were used to explore the phylogenetic affinity of the taxa. Inferred trees from 18S rDNA sequences revealed a close relationship between C. valida and Chaetomorpha moniligera. These results would enrich information in general biology and morphological plasticity of C. valida and provided a basis for future identification of green tide forming algae.  相似文献   

Cloning and expression analysis of vasa during the reproductive cycle of Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli     

MU Weijie  WEN Haishen  HE Feng  LI Jifang  LIU Miao  MA Ruiqin  ZHANG Yuanqing  HU Jian  QI Baoxia 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2013,12(1):115-124

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