模拟月壤地面力学性质试验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

邹猛  李建桥  刘国敏  张金换  李因武 《岩土力学》2011,32(4):1057-1061

掌握与月球车行驶相关的月壤力学性质是我国月球车研制所急需的。在制备了用于月面车辆力学试验用的模拟月壤基础上,通过三轴试验得出模拟月壤的弹性模量为48.8 MPa;通过硬度测量可知,模拟月壤的硬度小于黑壤土,与石英砂接近;通过压板试验可得模拟月壤的变形指数n为1.13,变形模量K为1 056 kN/mn+2,分析可知,随着变形模量和变形指数的增大,其承压能力增大;通过履带板试验可得模拟月壤剪切变形模量k为1.2 cm,分析可知,剪切破坏模量的增大对剪切强度的影响不大,但会使剪切破坏的峰值向后移动;另外,随着内摩擦角? 和黏聚力c的增加,剪切破坏强度增大。以上研究结果可为月球车行走机构优化设计和通过性能评估提供参考和依据。  相似文献   

Challenges of identifying putative planetary-origin meteorites of non-igneous material     

Yana Anfinogenova  John Anfinogenov 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(5):1879-1890

This paper summarizes the challenges of identifying planetary-origin meteorites of non-igneous composition-particularly those of sedimentary origin.Evidence for putative sedimentary-origin(sedtype)meteorites and their potential parent bodies is reviewed,suggesting that the list of candidate parent bodies for sed-type meteorites includes,but is not limited to,Mars,Enceladus,Ganymede,Europa,Ceres,Vesta,and other hypothetical planets that existed between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in the past.The extraterrestrial origin and probable parent body for sed-type meteorites should be assessed based on multiple lines of evidence,and not solely limited to tests of oxygen and noble gas isotopes,whose signatures may undergo terrestrial contamination and which may exhibit significant heterogeneity within both the Solar System and parent cosmic bodies.The observed fall of a cosmic body,evidence of hypervelocity fall,signs of impact,presence of fusion crust,melting,and/or shock deformation features in impactor fragments should be considered as priority signs of meteoritic origin.  相似文献   

月球表面天然放射性元素Th的分布特征及月球化学的原始不均一性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李泳泉  刘建忠  欧阳自远  郑永春  李春来 《地球化学》2006,35(3):221-226

月球KREEP岩石形成于壳幔的分界层中,天然放射性元素Th是指示KREEP岩分布的主要元素之一。在月球正面,Th元素含量高的区域主要分布在西部的月海区,包括雨海和风暴洋及其附近地区,而在月球背面Th含量高的地区为雨海对峙区以及南极爱特肯地区。高地的Th含量相对较低。现代月球表面Th的分布特征与3.85Ga年前的雨海事件有重要的关系,且在月球正面还发现了椭圆形的高Th含量区域,是月球上特殊的地球化学省,与月球初期的化学成分分布的不均一性有关。  相似文献   

Diel vertical migration of medusae in the open Southern Adriatic Sea over a short time period (July 2003)     

Davor Lu&#;i&#;  Adam Benovi&#;  Mira Morovi&#;  Mirna Batisti&#;  & Ivona Onofri 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(1):16-32

Diel vertical migration (DVM) of medusae was investigated at a fixed station in the oligotrophic Southern Adriatic Sea at several depths during summer (July) 2003. We hypothesized that medusan DVM is considerably influenced by environmental variables such as hydrographic features, light intensities, and potential prey densities. We used short-term repetitive sampling as an approach to detail these relationships. Of the 26 species collected, the highest abundance was in the layer between the thermocline (15 m) and 100 m depth, where Rhopalonema velatum predominated, reaching the maximum count of 93 individuals per 10 m³. Seven species were observed over a wide depth range: Solmissus albescens (15–1200 m), R. velatum (0–800 m), Persa incolorata (50–1200 m), Octophialucium funerarium (200–1200 m), Arctapodema australis (200–1200 m), Amphinema rubra (100–800 m), and Rhabdoon singulare (15–600). According to the medusan weighted mean depth (WMD) calculations, the longest DVMs were noted for the deep-sea species S. albescens , O. funerarium , and A. australis . The shallowest species, Aglaura hemistoma , was primarily non-migratory. Certain medusan assemblages were associated consistently with a particular depth layer characterized by a particular light intensity. The interplay of environmental factors and trophic relationships explains some of the features of medusan migratory patterns. These findings thus contribute to understanding the variables that determine patterns of medusan vertical migratory behavior.  相似文献   

Temporal patterns of glass eel migration (Anguilla anguilla L. 1758) in relation to environmental factors in the Western Greek inland waters     

Spyridoula Zompola  George Katselis  Constantin Koutsikopoulos  Yannis Cladas 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Glass eel migration of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (L., 1758) in the eastern Mediterranean is poorly known despite the increasing state of anxiety for the future of the stock. In the present study, glass eel migration was investigated from October 1999 to April 2000, using experimental fishery with fyke nets, in two coastal systems along the western Greece (Ionian Sea): at the Sagiada marsh in the delta area of Kalamas River and at the mouth of Alfios River. The main period of the glass eel entrance was from December to March and the migration pattern was similar to those observed along the Atlantic coast of southwestern Europe. The variance of daily glass eel catches between the two studied sites was significantly different. The univariate and bivariate time series spectral analysis showed that glass eel short-term freshwater migration: (1) consisted of waves with periods from 5 to 40 days and (2) was correlated with environmental factors such as water temperature, atmospheric pressure, rainfall and moonlight. The observed differences between the two sites reveal the importance of the inland ecosystem characteristics.  相似文献   

再论和氏璧石质问题     

孙莹  郑常青 《吉林地质》2007,26(4):96-99

通过对和氏璧故事的历史考究以及历代对和氏璧的石质问题的研究整理,并对现代拉长石与和氏璧的物理特性进行了比较研究,得出和氏璧的石质是拉长石的结论。  相似文献   

Xenon isotope systematics, giant impacts, and mantle degassing on the early Earth     

Robert O. Pepin  Don Porcelli   《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2006,250(3-4):470-485

The relationships between the major terrestrial volatile reservoirs are explored by resolving the different components in the Xe isotope signatures displayed by Harding County and Caroline CO₂ well gases and mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). For the nonradiogenic isotopes, there is evidence for the presence of components enhanced in the light ^124–128Xe/¹³⁰Xe isotope ratios with respect to the terrestrial atmosphere. The observation of small but significant elevations of these ratios in the MORB and well gas reservoirs means that the nonradiogenic Xe in the atmosphere cannot be the primordial base composition in the mantle. The presence of solar-like components, for example U–Xe, solar wind Xe, or both, is required.For radiogenic Xe generated by decay of short-lived ¹²⁹I and ²⁴⁴Pu, the ¹²⁹Xe_rad/¹³⁶Xe₂₄₄ ratios are indistinguishable in MORB and the present atmosphere, but differ by approximately an order of magnitude between the MORB and well gas sources. Correspondence of these ratios in MORB and the atmosphere within the relatively small uncertainties found here significantly constrains possible mantle degassing scenarios. The widely held view that substantial early degassing of ¹²⁹Xe_rad and ¹³⁶Xe₂₄₄ from the MORB reservoir to the atmosphere occurred and then ended while ¹²⁹I was still alive is incompatible with equal ratios, and so is not a possible explanation for observed elevations of ¹²⁹Xe/¹³⁰Xe in MORB compared to the atmosphere. Detailed degassing chronologies constructed from the isotopic composition of MORB Xe are therefore questionable.If the present estimate for the uranium/iodine ratio in the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) is taken to apply to all interior volatile reservoirs, the differing ¹²⁹Xe_rad/¹³⁶Xe₂₄₄ ratios in MORB and the well gases point to two episodes of major mantle degassing, presumably driven by giant impacts, respectively  20–50 Ma and  95–100 Ma after solar system origin assuming current values for initial ¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I and ²⁴⁴Pu/²³⁸U. The earlier time range, for degassing of the well gas source, spans Hf–W calculations for the timing of a moon-forming impact. The second, later impact further outgassed the upper mantle and MORB source. A single event that degassed both the MORB and gas well reservoirs at the time of the moon-forming collision would be compatible with their distinct ¹²⁹Xe_rad/¹³⁶Xe₂₄₄ ratios only if the post-impact iodine abundance in the MORB reservoir was about an order of magnitude lower than current estimates. In either case, such late dates require large early losses of noble gases, so that initial inventories acquired throughout the Earth must have been substantially higher.The much larger ¹²⁹Xe_rad/¹³⁶Xe₂₄₄ ratio in the well gases compared to MORB requires that these two Xe components evolve from separate interior reservoirs that have been effectively isolated from each other for most of the age of the planet, but are now seen within the upper mantle. These reservoirs have maintained distinct Xe isotope signatures despite having similar Ne isotope compositions that reflect similar degassing histories. This suggests that the light noble gas and radiogenic Xe isotopes are decoupled, with separate long-term storage of the latter. However, without data on the extent of heterogeneities within the upper mantle, this conclusion cannot be easily reconciled with geophysical observations without significant re-evaluation of present noble gas models. Nevertheless the analytic evidence that two different values of ¹²⁹Xe_rad/¹³⁶Xe₂₄₄ exist in the Earth appears firm. If the uranium/iodine ratio is approximately uniform throughout the BSE, it follows that degassing events from separate reservoirs at different times are recorded in the currently available terrestrial Xe data.  相似文献   

月球地质结构及其岩石学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭迪江 Graig  JR 《地质科技情报》1995,14(4):29-32

简要介绍了美国ＮＡＳＡ阿波罗计划所获得的有关月球地质结构的一些新资料，结合笔者对月球岩石光片，薄片的镜下观察，简要介绍了月球岩石的岩石学特征，并讨论了有关月球的演化起源问题。  相似文献   

一种能适应月相变化的月球图像中心提取算法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒲俊宇  郑勇  李崇辉  詹银虎  陈少杰  何东汉 《测绘科学技术学报》2017,(5):461-465

月球是夜间最亮的天体,测月导航可在云雾天气下有效弥补传统天文导航在夜间只能观测恒星的不足,扩大天文导航的可用范围。为实现测月导航,提出了一种能适应不同月相变化的月球敏感器图像月球中心提取算法。利用Sobel-Zernike矩算子对图像进行边缘检测,利用基于圆形性检测的搜索算法筛选月球边缘点并以此提取月球中心。经半物理仿真实验解算,该算法能够针对不同月相图像有效提取月球中心,中心提取的内符合平均精度为0.16像素,外符合平均精度为2.86″。由于在月球上观测地球也有"地相"变化,该算法同样适用于月球车地球敏感器图像中心提取。  相似文献   

海月水母的生物学特征及其爆发   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑凤英  陈四清  倪佳 《海洋科学进展》2010,28(1)

介绍了海月水母的形态、生活习性、生活史、分布、生存条件、爆发及危害等基本情况,并分析了其爆发成因,最后提出了我国海月水母及其爆发研究的工作重点:确认在我国海域爆发的海月水母究竟是外来种还是本地种,了解其种群的生活史、食性及生活习性,掌握其种群数量动态变化规律并进行数量动态监测,分析其种群数量动态与海域环境的关系,开展其爆发的危害评价工作。  相似文献