不同固有频率比条件下圆柱双自由度涡激振动特性的数值研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

翟云贺  康庄  宋儒鑫  孙丽萍 《海洋工程》2018,36(4):50-59

采用RANS方法,结合SST k-ω湍流模型,对不同顺流向与横顺流向固有频率的比值(即固有频率比,fnx/fny)条件下低质量比圆柱体的双自由度涡激振动进行了二维数值模拟。圆柱体的质量比为2.6,雷诺数范围为2 500~18 750,相应的约化速度范围为2~15,包括了经典试验中出现的整个锁定范围。通过研究发现,固有频率比是影响振动特性的重要参数,随着固有频率比的增加,响应幅值逐渐降低且向更高的约化速度偏移;在低约化速度范围内,固有频率比对顺流向和横流向振动之间的相位差以及升力频率有较大影响,从而得到各种不同偏向的8字形轨迹;最后对不同固有频率比条件下的尾涡模式进行了讨论,给出了对应不同约化速度时的尾涡模式。  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal variability in hydrochemistry of shallow groundwater in a small pre‐alpine catchment: The importance of landscape elements     

Leonie Kiewiet  Jana von Freyberg  H.J. van Meerveld 《水文研究》2019,33(19):2502-2522

Topography and landscape characteristics affect the storage and release of water and, thus, groundwater dynamics and chemistry. Quantification of catchment scale variability in groundwater chemistry and groundwater dynamics may therefore help to delineate different groundwater types and improve our understanding of which parts of the catchment contribute to streamflow. We sampled shallow groundwater from 34 to 47 wells and streamflow at seven locations in a 20‐ha steep mountainous catchment in the Swiss pre‐Alps, during nine baseflow snapshot campaigns. The spatial variability in electrical conductivity, stable water isotopic composition, and major and trace ion concentrations was large and for almost all parameters larger than the temporal variability. Concentrations of copper, zinc, and lead were highest at sites that were relatively dry, whereas concentrations of manganese and iron were highest at sites that had persistent shallow groundwater levels. The major cation and anion concentrations were only weakly correlated to individual topographic or hydrodynamic characteristics. However, we could distinguish four shallow groundwater types based on differences from the catchment average concentrations: riparian zone‐like groundwater, hillslopes and areas with small upslope contributing areas, deeper groundwater, and sites characterized by high magnesium and sulfate concentrations that likely reflect different bedrock material. Baseflow was not an equal mixture of the different groundwater types. For the majority of the campaigns, baseflow chemistry most strongly resembled riparian‐like groundwater for all but one subcatchment. However, the similarity to the hillslope‐type groundwater was larger shortly after snowmelt, reflecting differences in hydrologic connectivity. We expect that similar groundwater types can be found in other catchments with steep hillslopes and wet areas with shallow groundwater levels and recommend sampling of groundwater from all landscape elements to understand groundwater chemistry and groundwater contributions to streamflow.  相似文献   

海州湾4种鱼类生长特征的空间异质性     

王琨  张崇良  王晶  任一平 《海洋学报》2019,41(12):62-70

传统的渔业资源评估均假设鱼类的生长参数是匀质的，然而近年来越来越多的研究表明海洋鱼类生长存在空间异质性。为探究海州湾鱼类生长参数的空间异质性现象，本研究分析了2013–2018年海州湾及其邻近海域方氏云鳚(Pholis fangi)、尖海龙(Syngnatus acus)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa kammalensis)的空间分布，使用电子体长频率分析方法结合Bootstrap重抽样方法估算了这4种鱼类的生长参数及其在深、浅水区域中的差异。结果显示，这4种鱼类生长参数均表现出一定的空间异质性，其中尖海龙和小黄鱼生长参数的空间异质性表现较为明显。这种差异可能是由于空间上的理化条件、群落结构以及物种本身洄游分布的差异而产生的。  相似文献   

Impact of climate indicators on continental‐scale potential groundwater recharge in Africa          下载免费PDF全文

Paolo Nasta  John B. Gates  Yoshihide Wada 《水文研究》2016,30(19):3420-3433

In the last decades, human activity has been contributing to climate change that is closely associated with an increase in temperatures, increase in evaporation, intensification of extreme dry and wet rainfall events, and widespread melting of snow and ice. Understanding the intricate linkage between climate warming and the hydrological cycle is crucial for sustainable management of groundwater resources, especially in a vulnerable continent like Africa. This study investigates the relationship between climate‐change drivers and potential groundwater recharge (PGR) patterns across Africa for a long‐term record (1960–2010). Water‐balance components were simulated by using the PCR‐GLOBWB model and were reproduced in both gridded maps and latitudinal trends that vary in space with minima on the Tropics and maxima around the Equator. Statistical correlations between temperature, storm occurrences, drought, and PGR were examined in six climatic regions of Africa. Surprisingly, different effects of climate‐change controls on PGR were detected as a function of latitude in the last three decades (1980–2010). Temporal trends observed in the Northern Hemisphere of Africa reveal that the increase in temperature is significantly correlated to the decline of PGR, especially in the Northern Equatorial Africa. The climate indicators considered in this study were unable to explain the alarming negative trend of PGR observed in the Sahelian region, even though the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) values report a 15% drought stress. On the other hand, increases in temperature have not been detected in the Southern Hemisphere of Africa, where increasing frequency of storm occurrences determine a rise of PGR, particularly in southern Africa. Time analysis highlights a strong seasonality effect, while PGR is in‐phase with rainfall patterns in the summer (Northern Hemisphere) and winter (Southern Hemisphere) and out‐of‐phase during the fall season. This study helps to elucidate the mechanism of the processes influencing groundwater resources in six climatic zones of Africa, even though modelling results need to be validated more extensively with direct measurements in future studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Frequency analysis of nonstationary annual maximum flood series using the time‐varying two‐component mixture distributions          下载免费PDF全文

Lei Yan  Lihua Xiong  Dedi Liu  Tiesong Hu  Chong‐Yu Xu 《水文研究》2017,31(1):69-89

The most popular practice for analysing nonstationarity of flood series is to use a fixed single‐type probability distribution incorporated with the time‐varying moments. However, the type of probability distribution could be both complex because of distinct flood populations and time‐varying under changing environments. To allow the investigation of this complex nature, the time‐varying two‐component mixture distributions (TTMD) method is proposed in this study by considering the time variations of not only the moments of its component distributions but also the weighting coefficients. Having identified the existence of mixed flood populations based on circular statistics, the proposed TTMD was applied to model the annual maximum flood series of two stations in the Weihe River basin, with the model parameters calibrated by the meta‐heuristic maximum likelihood method. The performance of TTMD was evaluated by different diagnostic plots and indexes and compared with stationary single‐type distributions, stationary mixture distributions and time‐varying single‐type distributions. The results highlighted the advantages of TTMD with physically‐based covariates for both stations. Besides, the optimal TTMD models were considered to be capable of settling the issue of nonstationarity and capturing the mixed flood populations satisfactorily. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

AEKF在星敏感器低频误差补偿中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

雷琦  龚志辉  林雕  耿弘毅 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(3):252-257

高分辨率对地观测卫星需要精确的姿态信息来满足后续对地定位等工作,因此姿态确定精度十分重要。星敏感器的低频误差是影响卫星姿态确定精度的重要因素之一,主要是由空间周期性的热环境变化引起的。为进一步提高卫星姿态确定精度,对星敏感器的低频误差产生机理即星敏感器主光轴做周期性扰动进行了分析,设计了星敏感器低频误差补偿方案,建立了考虑星敏感器低频误差在内的组合定姿模型,利用拓维卡尔曼滤波(AEKF)对低频误差进行补偿,并引入RTS平滑滤波进一步提高姿态确定精度。仿真实验表明,设计的星敏感器低频误差补偿方案能有效对其进行补偿,提高卫星姿态确定精度。  相似文献   

Impact of the Pacific–Japan Teleconnection Pattern on July Sea Fog over the Northwestern Pacific: Interannual Variations and Global Warming Effect     

Jingchao LONG  Suping ZHANG  Yang CHEN  Jingwu LIU  Geng HAN 《大气科学进展》2016,33(4):511-521

The northwestern Pacific(NWP) is a fog-prone area, especially the ocean east of the Kuril Islands. The present study analyzes how the Pacific–Japan(PJ) teleconnection pattern influences July sea fog in the fog-prone area using independent datasets. The covariation between the PJ index and sea fog frequency(SFF) index in July indicates a close correlation, with a coefficient of 0.62 exceeding the 99% confidence level. Composite analysis based on the PJ index, a case study, and model analysis based on GFDL-ESM2 M, show that in high PJ index years the convection over the east of the Philippines strengthens and then triggers a Rossby wave, which propagates northward to maintain an anticyclonic anomaly in the midlatitudes,indicating a northeastward shift of the NWP subtropical high. The anticyclonic anomaly facilitates the formation of relatively stable atmospheric stratification or even an inversion layer in the lower level of the troposphere, and strengthens the horizontal southerly moisture transportation from the tropical–subtropical oceans to the fog-prone area. On the other hand, a greater meridional SST gradient over the cold flank of the Kuroshio Extension, due to ocean downwelling, is produced by the anticyclonic wind stress anomaly. Both of these two aspects are favorable for the warm and humid air to cool, condense, and form fog droplets, when air masses cross the SST front. The opposite circumstances occur in low PJ index years, which are not conducive to the formation of sea fog. Finally, a multi-model ensemble mean projection reveals a prominent downward trend of the PJ index after the 2030 s, implying a possible decline of the SFF in this period.  相似文献   

年最大值抽样估算的暴雨频率设计值的低估问题探讨     

吴俊梅  林炳章  浦建 《南京气象学院学报》2016,8(4):374-379

由年最大值抽样（AMS）和年超大值抽样（AES）的基本理论及重现期（RP）的定义可知,AMS并不符合以“事件”为基础的重现期的定义.以美国西南半干旱区1438个雨量站和太湖流域96个雨量站的降雨资料为例,通过经验频率与超过概率的比较,发现AMS估算的暴雨频率设计值偏小,尤其是对常遇频率降雨设计值的影响更加显著.美国的降雨量资料站点多、系列长,实际资料验证与理论分析一致.通过对太湖流域AMS资料的分布形态进行分析的结果表明：太湖流域的站点不多,资料长度不够,且大部分站点在雨量大值区数据稀少,使得频率直方图不连续,是造成我国太湖流域的资料验证效果不理想的可能原因.  相似文献   

新疆昌吉市主汛期降水日变化特征     

黄秋霞  方雯  王春燕  田喜凤 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,10(6):19-23

基于昌吉市2008—2015年逐时自动降水资料,分析了主汛期(5—8月)降水日变化特征。结果表明,降水主要集中在夜间21:00至翌日03:00,最大值出现在02:00,最小值出现在14:00;逐时降水频次为明显的单峰型,降水易发生在21:00至翌日08:00,降水频次的高峰值出现在01:00,降水最不易产生于午后15:00至18:00;降水强度变化的波动性较大,大值区出现在21:00至翌日02:00和午后15:00至19:00,最高值出现在18:00,最低值出现在04:00至08:00;在≥0.1 mm、≥1 mm和≥3 mm的逐时降水频次中,夜间降水频次较白天高,≥0.1 mm的降水出现次数较多;降水主要以夜雨,且以短时间(1—4h)的降水为主,贡献率最大的是持续7h的降水,最小的为12h;总云量和低云量的变化与降水量成显著正相关关系。  相似文献   

1951—2015年乌鲁木齐市升温过程频数及强度气候特征     

毛炜峄  张祖莲 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,10(6):11-18

利用乌鲁木齐市气象站1951年1月1日至2015年12月31日的逐日气温资料,以日最高气温及其升温幅度为指标,整理出乌鲁木齐市近65年升温过程数据库,将升温过程分为Ⅰ级(弱)、Ⅱ级(中等强度)、Ⅲ级(较强)、Ⅳ级(强)以及Ⅴ级(极强)5个等级,分析了乌鲁木齐市各级升温过程发生频数、持续日数、过程不同时段升温幅度、过程最高气温、过程最高气温距平偏高幅度等要素气候特征。结果如下：(1)1951—2015年,乌鲁木齐市出现升温过程5677次,平均每年87.3次,其中Ⅰ级(弱)升温过程占67.8 %。升温过程发生频数的季节分布较均匀,但在春季相对较多。近65年来,年平均升温过程发生频数在7个年代际中差异不大,没有明显的线性变化趋势。(2)1951—2015年,乌鲁木齐市5677次升温过程的平均持续日数为2.14?d,其中持续1 d的过程占43.0 %。随升温过程等级由Ⅰ级到Ⅴ级提高,过程持续日数最高出现频率也从1?d过渡到3?d。升温过程持续日数在春季4、5月份最长。(3)1951—2015年,乌鲁木齐市过程升温幅度平均为5.76℃,在春季最大、秋季最小。Ⅳ级(强)以及Ⅴ级(极强)的过程升温幅度最大的月份分别是5月和3月。65年来,乌鲁木齐市升温过程的最大24h、48h和72h升温幅度平均值分别为3.72℃、6.12℃和8.23℃,最大24 h升温幅度在冬季最大、夏季最小,最大48 h和72 h升温幅度都是在春季最大、秋季最小。(4)1951—2015年,乌鲁木齐市升温过程的最高气温平均值为14.52℃,在夏季7、8月最高,在冬季各月最低,带有显著的季节背景特征。过程最大日气温距平的平均值为2.93℃。Ⅳ级(强)和Ⅴ级(极强)升温过程的日气温距平偏高幅度最大月份分别出现在1月(11.73℃)和12月(19.10℃)。  相似文献