The Global Distribution of Secondary Particulate Matter in a 3-D Lagrangian Chemistry Transport Model     

R. G. Derwent  W. J. Collins  M. E. Jenkin  C. E. Johnson  D. S. Stevenson 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,44(1):57-95

A global 3-D Lagrangian chemistry-transport model STOCHEM is used to describe the tropospheric distributions of four components of the secondary atmospheric aerosol: nitrate, sulphate, ammonium and organic compounds. The model describes the detailed chemistry of the formation of the acid precursors from the oxidation of SO₂, DMS, NO_x, NH₃ and terpenes and their uptake into the aerosol. Model results are compared in some detail with the available surface observations. Comparisons are made between the global budgets and burdens found in other modelling studies. The global distributions of the total mass of secondary aerosols have been estimated for the pre-industrial, present day and 2030 emissions and large changes have been estimated in the mass fractions of the different secondary aerosol components.  相似文献   

MODELING THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE IN CLIMATE CHANGE BY USING A REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

高学杰  林一骅  赵宗慈 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2003,9(2):173-180

1 INTRODUCTION Being an important composition of the atmosphere, aerosol attracts increasing attention from the scientific community in recent years, together with the radiative forcing it causes and effects it imposes on the climate system. The anthropogenic aerosol affects the climate both directly and indirectly. The climate is directly affected when solar shortwave radiation is scattered and absorbed in what is known as the 搖mbrella effect? which can be dated back to as early as mor…  相似文献   

大气气溶胶光学厚度的宽带消光遥感方法及其应用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

邱金桓 《遥感学报》1997,1(1):15-23

该文发展了遥感气溶胶光学厚度的一个宽带消光遥感方法 ,它应用地面上太阳直射表探测的宽波段太阳直射信息反演 0 75 μm大气柱光学厚度。这方法的主要误差因子是气溶胶谱的不确定性。数值试验表明 ,气溶胶谱分布的误差所引起光学厚度解的误差一般小于 5 %。 1995年 1— 10月进行的 12 6 7组对比实验表明 ,由本方法探测的气溶胶光学厚度与光度计探测的气溶胶光学厚度的标准差为 10 5 % ,两者平均结果的偏差只有 0 7%。该文还应用这个方法 ,从气象台站辐射观测资料反演得到北京、沈阳等 10个地方 1980— 1994年间晴天气溶胶光学厚度资料 ,并分析其变化规律  相似文献   

Comparative studies of the kinetic parameters of various algaenans and kerogens via open-system pyrolyses     

Daniel Dessort  Jacques Connan  Sylvie Derenne  Claude Largeau 《Organic Geochemistry》1997,26(11-12)

Kinetic parameters were determined for the first time, via open-system pyrolyses, on algaenans (highly resistant biomacromolecules that are selectively preserved during kerogen formation) isolated from extant microalgae. Parallel studies were also carried out on 10 kerogens exhibiting, with one exception, a low level of maturity. These kerogens included samples chiefly derived from the selective preservation of the above algaenans and samples mainly, or almost exclusively, derived from the “natural vulcanization” pathway. Important differences in activation energy (E_a) distributions were observed between the four algaenans investigated and correlated with their chemical structures. The kerogens predominantly derived from algaenan-selective preservation (Pula alginite, NE 70 and BJ 248 Torbanites, Rundle Oil Shale) also exhibited pronounced differences in E_a distributions. These distributions provided: (i) information on the diversity of the source materials; and (ii) reflected the occurrence of important differences in chemical structures and thermal behaviour between three of the tested kerogens, even though they are all classified as low maturity type I. The Kimmeridge Clay samples and the Lorca Oil Shale showed broad E_a distributions shifted to low energies when compared with the above algaenans and kerogens. Such shifts reflect an important (or even almost exclusive for some of these kerogens) contribution of materials originating from sulphur incorporation into various lipids during early diagenesis. Finally, the kinetic data derived for the nine low maturity fossil samples were extrapolated to a very low, geological heating rate of 3°C Ma⁻¹ and the generation rate curves and cumulative yield curves thus obtained were compared.  相似文献   

浅谈环境地质与环境保护     

丁冰 《陕西地质》1997,(2)

环境问题已成为全世界共同关心的问题。地质环境是影响人类生存的重要因素。本文述及了因自然地质因素引起的地震灾害、火山灾害、滑坡灾害等，以及因人为地质因素引发的水污染灾害、水库失事灾害、水土流失、沙漠扩大灾害等诸方面内容，指出在今后应重视对地质灾害的监测和预防。  相似文献   

RELATIONSHIP OF ECO-ENVIONMENTAL CHANGE WITH NATURAL EROSION AND ARTIFICIALLY ACCELERATED EROSION     

Zheng Feili Tang Keli Zhang Keli Cha Xuan Bai Hongying Northwest Institute of Soil  Water Conservation  CAS  Ministry of Water Resources  Yangling  Shaanxi People''s Republic of China 《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(2)

Ｆｏｒｌｏｎｇｔｉｍｅ,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍａｂｏｕｔｎａｔｕｒａｌｅｒｏｓｉｏｎａｎｄａｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌｌｙａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｄｅｒｏｓｉｏｎｉｓｉｎｄｉｓｐｕｔｅ.ＨｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｅｒｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｔｈａｔｈｕｍａｎｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｅｃｏｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｄｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｓａｃｃｏｕｎｔａｂｌｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｅｖｅｒｅｓｏｉｌｅｒｏｓｉｏｎａｎｄｅｃｏｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｄｅｔｅｒｉｏｒａｔｉｏｎｏｎＬｏｅｓｓＰｌａｔｅａｕ[7,8].Ｓｏｍｅｇｅｏｌｏｇ…  相似文献   

湖南省珍稀濒危植物及其特征     

包维楷 《山地学报》1997,(4)

首批中国珍稀濒危植物分布于湖南的有65种4变种。从区系组成、植物地理分布、在自然森林群落中的生态地位,以及利用价值等方面分析了它们的特征,并对湖南珍稀濒危植物就地保护的有效性和措施进行了讨论。  相似文献   

张家界地貌风光及其产业导向     

翟辅东  陈文光 《山地学报》1997,(4)

用遥感技术对张家界地貌进行了研究,分析了张家界地貌的产业导向和开发效益,提出了进一步发展的举措。  相似文献   

自然灾害研究中几个观念问题的讨论   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

商宏宽 《工程地质学报》1996,4(3):17-23

本文从人类生活环境系统的整体观角度讨论了自然灾害的两重性、关连性及人类圈之形成和生态环境保护问题。认为自然灾害从短时间尺度和小范围看是灾变, 从长时间尺度和大范围看是一种自调节、自平衡过程；自然灾害与人类社会存在着双向效应关系；自然灾害的关联性(群发共生现象)是由其同源性、链发性和韵律性决定的；人类圈是地球演化进入新阶段的产物, 它具有进行层次深、作用强度高、活动领域宽和通过信息实现调控的特点。建立上述观念, 对灾害研究、减轻灾害损失, 走可持续发展的道路, 都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

中国南方风化磷块岩研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

李铁生  文素秋 《化工矿产地质》1996,18(3):196-200

中国南方风化磷块岩中的风化磷矿的自然类型可分为两类七种型式，其中以“原位面型风化磷矿”和“位移溶洞砂砾磷矿”为主。风化磷矿是由其原矿的自身特性与外部适宜条件（水文地质条件为主导）综合作用的产物。根据碳酸盐、磷酸盐矿物分解、淋失程度可划分为弱风化、风化、强风化三个阶段。可用直接法、间接法和数学法３类共１３种方法加以判别  相似文献