Records of natural fire and climate history during the last three glacial-interglacial cycles around the South China Sea Charcoal record from the ODP 1144     

LUO Yunli  CHEN Huaicheng  WU Guoxuan  SUN Xiangjun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(10)

The history of natural fire and its relationship to climate during the last three gla cial-interglacial cycles in the Southern coast areas of China and the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea (SCS) are discussed based on the statistic study of charcoal particles and associated pollen data from ODP 1144 Site (20° 3′N, 117° 25′E, 2037 m in water depth). Accord ing to the results of the charcoal and pollen study, the sediments from the upper 225 m are divided into 8 zones (C1-8), which might be correlated with the Marine Isotope Stage 1-8 (MIS1-8)respectively. Our study indicates that during the last glacial period (MIS2, 4), the influx of charcoal particle was much higher than that from the interglacial period, suggesting strong occurrence of natural fire and dry climate. During MIS 6 and MIS 8 (C6, C8), although the influx of fine charcoal particles was quite high, the influx of the coarse and medium charcoal particle were much low,which might be due to the smaller source area of fire probably resulting from the limited exposure of the continental shelf before MIS5. During the interglacial period (MIS1, 5, 7), the influxes of charcoal particles were much lower, implying dropping of intensity of the natural fire and then a humid climate. Another reason is that the continental shelf was submerged into the sea during the interglacial periods, and the source areas of fire were reduced then. Although the influx of the fine charcoal particles was much lower during MIS3, the influx of the coarse and medium charcoal par ticles were almost equal to those of MIS4 (C4), which suggests that the intensity of the natural fire remained quite high and the climate was considerably dry during that period.  相似文献   

气溶胶核化清除的化学效应──Ⅱ：动力学参数对云滴化学非均匀性的影响          下载免费PDF全文

刘小红  洪钟祥  王明康 《大气科学》1995,(1)

运用已建立的气溶胶核化清除的物理化学模式，研究了云的动力学因子（如：气块上升速度、夹卷作用）对云滴化学非均匀性的影响。计算结果表明：较强烈的云发展（较大的气块上升速度）可加强由于气溶胶核化和云滴凝结增长造成的云滴化学的非均匀程度。夹卷作用抑制了云的发展，因而减弱了这种非均匀程度。夹卷作用同时也造成总体液态水中Ｓ（ＶＩ）、Ｈ＋等浓度的增加，在Ｓｍａｘ附近可达１个量级。如果考虑气溶胶粒子的夹卷，则可使气块内云滴污染物浓度随云滴大小的变化更加复杂化，如：不仅云滴污染物浓度随云滴大小而变化，即使对于相同大小的云滴之间，其污染物浓度也可相差很大。  相似文献   

河北省饮料工业现状及发展目标     

刘玉娟  鞠国泉 《华北地质矿产杂志》1995,10(4):443-446

近１０年来，河北省饮料工业发展迅速。矿泉水更是异军突起，现有设计生产能力为２０万ｔ／ａ。１９９４年产量为４．５万ｔ，比１９９３年增长７．２倍。包括矿泉水在内的饮料工业目前存在的问题是，产量少，规模小，名牌少，中小型企业技术装备落后，产品结构不合格。今后主要应以矿泉水为基液，发展多品种，名牌优质饮料，降低成本，以适应各层次消费者的需要。  相似文献   

遵化市傲子峪锶－偏硅酸型饮用天然矿泉水     

张岭山  曹振敏 《华北地质矿产杂志》1995,(4)

傲子峪矿泉水产于清东陵东侧采金坑道之中。１９９４年１１月经河北省矿产储量委员会鉴定，属低钠、锶－偏硅酸型饮用天然矿泉水。该泉水量丰富，动态稳定，环境优美，交通方便，具有良好的开发前景。  相似文献   

黄骅市南排河碘－锶－偏硅酸优质饮用天然矿泉水     

张坦  简明  李艳红 《华北地质矿产杂志》1995,(4)

重点阐述了南排河天然矿泉水的赋存环境，尤其对珍贵的碘－锶－偏硅酸型矿泉水的分布、成因、开发利用作了论述，并对开采现状、发展前景提出了看法。  相似文献   

瑶岗仙钨矿床的晶洞特征及其研究意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈依壤 《湖南地质》1995,14(4):226-234

瑶岗仙黑钨矿床石英脉的地质特征、晶洞类型、含晶标志，分布规律以及晶洞发育的控制因素研究表明，矿区第Ⅱ成矿期矿脉的晶洞规模，分布、优美晶体、晶簇天然观赏矿物的成生，具有一定的理论，经济研究意义。  相似文献   

S(IV) Autoxidation in Atmospheric Liquid Water: The Role of Fe(II) and the Effect of Oxalate     

Irena Grgićc  Marjeta Pozničc  Mirko Bizjak 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,33(1):89-102

The reactivity of dissolved iron compounds towards different pollutants and photooxidants in atmospheric liquid water depends upon the oxidation state and speciation of iron. Our measurements of the oxidation state of dissolved iron eluted from aerosol particles (Dae: 0.4–1.6 m) collected in the urban atmosphere of Ljubljana showed that a large fraction of the iron content is present as Fe(II). The concentration ratio [Fe(II)]/[Fe(III)] varied between 0.9 and 3.1. The kinetics of S(IV) autoxidation catalyzed by Fe(II) under the conditions representative for acidified atmospheric liquid water and the influence of oxalate on this reaction under dark conditions was investigated. The reaction rate is the same if Fe(II) or Fe(III) is used as a catalyst under the condition that Fe(II) can be oxidized in Fe(III), which is the catalytically active species. Oxalate has a strong inhibiting effect on the S(IV) autoxidation in the presence of Fe(II). The reaction is autocatalytic with an induction period, that increases with higher concentrations of oxalate. The inhibiting effect of oxalate differs according to whether iron is initially in the Fe(II) or Fe(III) state. However, in both cases the inhibition by oxalate is a result of the formation of complexes with the catalyst.  相似文献   

Modeling Atmospheric Chemistry: Interactions between Gas-Phase Species and Liquid Cloud/Aerosol Particles     

Rolf Sander 《Surveys in Geophysics》1999,20(1):1-31

For detailed modeling of atmospheric chemistry it is necessary to consider aqueous-phase reactions in cloud droplets and deliquesced aerosol particles. Often, the gas-phase concentration is in equilibrium with the aqueous phase. Then Henrys law can be used to describe the distribution between the phases provided that the Henrys law coefficient is known. In some cases, thermodynamic equilibrium will not be reached and it is necessary to use kinetic expressions of the rates involved. These rates depend on diffusion constants, accommodation coefficients, Henrys law coefficients, particle size distributions, and several other parameters. This review describes how these processes can be treated in computer modeling and how the necessary data can be obtained. Even though it is written primarily for use in modeling atmospheric chemistry, some parts will also be useful for waste water and pesticide control and in other areas where the distribution of chemicals between the aqueous and the gas phase is important.  相似文献   

The Speciation of (CH3)2Sn2+ in Electrolyte Solution Containing the Major Components of Natural Waters     

Claudia Foti  Antonio Gianguzza  Frank J. Millero  Silvio Sammartano 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1999,5(4):381-398

Hydrolysis constants of dimethyltin(IV) cation, in different salt solutions (CaCl₂: 0.15 I 0.90; MgCl₂: 0.30 I 0.60; NaCl-–NaClO₄, NaCl-–NaNO₃ mixtures: I = 3; NaCl-–Na₂SO₄ mixtures: I = 1 mol dm^-3) were determined by potentiometric ([H⁺]-glass electrode) measurements. These data, together with previous data (De Stefano et al., 1996b) were interpreted in terms of DHT (Debye–Hückel type) and Pitzer equations. The mixed electrolyte solution results also allowed us to obtain and parameters for the Pitzer equation. Calorimetric measurements were made at different ionic strengths in order to find the temperature dependence of hydrolysis constants and of the relative interaction parameters. The body of results allows us to determine the speciation of natural waters in a wide range of ionic strengths and temperatures.  相似文献   

基于自然邻点插值法的洱海湖面降水特征分析     

高志伟  杨坤琳  潘坤  陈彩霞 《气象科技》2021,49(5):799-805

湖面降水是影响湖泊水量和水质的重要因素之一,对湖面降水的研究有利于湖泊水环境的研究和治理。本文利用洱海周边11个气象站降水观测数据,对洱海周边站点的降水进行分析,并基于自然邻点插值法对洱海湖面降水进行分辨率为0.01°的网格插值,分析洱海湖面降水的分布特征。结果表明:洱海湖面降水分布时空差异显著,时间上具有季节性特征,夏季最多,秋季次之,冬季最少;空间上存在显著分布不均,降水高值中心位于洱海中部靠西岸湖湾区域,低值中心位于东南部湖区,最大格点降水量是最小格点的1.9倍;湖面降水存在明显的季节性空间振荡特征,降水的高值中心夏季略有北移向外呈发散性递减。洱海湖面降水时空分布特征的研究为大气湿沉降敏感区域和时段的划分提供数据支持,同时为湖泊水环境研究治理提供科学的技术支持。  相似文献