Finite element analysis of flow patterns near geological lenses in hydrodynamic and hydrothermal systems   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chongbin Zhao  B. E. Hobbs  H. B. Mühlhaus  & A. Ord 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,138(1):146-158

We use theoretical and numerical methods to investigate the general pore-fluid flow patterns near geological lenses in hydrodynamic and hydrothermal systems respectively. Analytical solutions have been rigorously derived for the pore-fluid velocity, stream function and excess pore-fluid pressure near a circular lens in a hydrodynamic system. These analytical solutions provide not only a better understanding of the physics behind the problem, but also a valuable benchmark solution for validating any numerical method.
  Since a geological lens is surrounded by a medium of large extent in nature and the finite element method is efficient at modelling only media of finite size, the determination of the size of the computational domain of a finite element model, which is often overlooked by numerical analysts, is very important in order to ensure both the efficiency of the method and the accuracy of the numerical solution obtained. To highlight this issue, we use the derived analytical solutions to deduce a rigorous mathematical formula for designing the computational domain size of a finite element model. The proposed mathematical formula has indicated that, no matter how fine the mesh or how high the order of elements, the desired accuracy of a finite element solution for pore-fluid flow near a geological lens cannot be achieved unless the size of the finite element model is determined appropriately.
  Once the finite element computational model has been appropriately designed and validated in a hydrodynamic system, it is used to examine general pore-fluid flow patterns near geological lenses in hydrothermal systems. Some interesting conclusions on the behaviour of geological lenses in hydrodynamic and hydrothermal systems have been reached through the analytical and numerical analyses carried out in this paper.  相似文献   

Interpretation of tracer tests performed in fractured rock of the Lange Bramke basin, Germany   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Piotr Maloszewski  Andreas Herrmann  Andrzej Zuber 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(2):209-218

 Two multitracer tests performed in one of the major cross-fault zones of the Lange Bramke basin (Harz Mountains, Germany) confirm the dominant role of the fault zone in groundwater flow and solute transport. Tracers having different coefficients of molecular diffusion (deuterium, bromide, uranine, and eosine) yielded breakthrough curves that can only be explained by a model that couples the advective–dispersive transport in the fractures with the molecular diffusion exchange in the matrix. For the scale of the tests (maximum distance of 225 m), an approximation was used in which the influence of adjacent fractures is neglected. That model yielded nearly the same rock and transport parameters for each tracer, which means that the single-fracture approximation is acceptable and that matrix diffusion plays an important role. The hydraulic conductivity of the fault zone obtained from the tracer tests is about 1.5×10^–2 m/s, whereas the regional hydraulic conductivity of the fractured rock mass is about 3×10^–7 m/s, as estimated from the tritium age and the matrix porosity of about 2%. These values show that the hydraulic conductivity along the fault is several orders of magnitude larger than that of the remaining fractured part of the aquifer, which confirms the dominant role of the fault zones as collectors of water and conductors of fast flow. Received, April 1997 Revised, January 1998, August 1998 Accepted, August 1998  相似文献   

用长周期面波波形拟合及P波初动方向估计中等地震的震源机制   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

马淑田  姚振兴  纪晨 《地球物理学报》1999,42(6):785-799

提出利用周期范围４５-１００ｓ间的面波波形拟合与Ｐ波初动符号相结合,估计中小地震震源机制的方法．给出两个倾滑为主和三个走滑为主的震例．其中最小的是１９９６年１２月１６日北京顺义ＭＬ４．５级地震.比较了１９９６年２月５日云南丽江Ｍｓ６．０级余震的机制解与美国哈佛大学ＣＭＴ结果的相似程度,各震例记录图与理论图的相似程度,以及初动分布与主压力轴Ｐ和主动力轴Ｔ分布区的一致程度．从比较结果看,得到的震源机制解有参考价值,开发的软件有可用性．  相似文献   

Elastic waves in nonhomogeneous media under 2D conditions: II. Numerical implementation     

George D. Manolis  Richard P. Shaw  Stavros Pavlou 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1999,18(1):952

The purpose of this work is to present three methods of analysis for elastic waves propagating in two dimensional, elastic nonhomogeneous media. The first step, common to all methods, is a transformation of the governing equations of motion so that derivatives with respect to the material parameters no longer appear in the differential operator. This procedure, however, restricts analysis to a very specific class of nonhomogeneous media, namely those for which Poisson's ratio is equal to 0.25 and the elastic parameters are quadratic functions of position. Subsequently, fundamental solutions are evaluated by: (i) conformal mapping in conjunction with wave decomposition, which in principle allows for both vertical and lateral heterogeneities; (ii) wave decomposition into pseudo-dilatational and pseudo-rotational components, which results in an Euler-type equation for the transformed solution if medium heterogeneity is a function of one coordinate only; and (iii) Fourier transformation followed by a first order differential equation system solution, where the final step involving inverse transformation from the wavenumber domain is accomplished numerically. Finally, in the companion paper numerical examples serve to illustrate the above methodologies and to delineate their range of applicability.  相似文献   

KNO₃溶液结构:密度泛函理论和分子动力学研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘红艳  景转芳  王广国  柴珂珂  朱发岩  周永全 《盐湖研究》2022,30(4):128-145

基于密度泛函理论,采用ωB97XD方法和6-311++G(d,p)基组,系统研究了[K(H₂O)_n]⁺,[NO₃(H₂O)_n]-和KNO₃(H₂O)_n水合团簇的结构和性质;并结合经典分子动力学、OPLS-AA全原子力场以及SPC/E水模型模拟了不同水盐比(WSR) KNO₃溶液,目的在于深入理解KNO₃溶液中K⁺和 NO-₃的微观水合结构,以及K⁺-NO-₃离子间缔合作用特征。研究发现,对于KNO₃(H₂O)_n (n=6,8,10和12)水合团簇,K⁺第一水合层稳定结构为四、五和六水合结构,其中五水合结构最稳定。K⁺和NO-₃主要以溶剂共享离子对形式存在。随着团簇尺寸减小,直接接触离子对(CIP)物种出现。同时,分子动力学模拟证实KNO₃溶液中形成了直接接触K⁺-NO-₃离子对,且随着溶液浓度增加,CIP物种形成需越过更大能垒。以上结果表明在KNO₃稀溶液中主要存在物种为水合K⁺和NO-₃,随浓度增大,单齿直接接触离子对(MCIP)逐渐出现。在高浓溶液或过饱和溶液中,K⁺-NO-₃离子缔合主要以单齿CIP和少量双齿CIP结构存在。  相似文献   

工程测量观测误差的形成原因及解决方法     

张铁斌 《测绘与空间地理信息》2010,33(1):200-201

工程测量中不可避免地会产生观测误差,主要来自仪器设备、自然条件及人为因素的影响。若要提高测绘成果的精准性,就要从这3个方面进行分析并加以完善。  相似文献   

2010年玉树地震序列M_L≥4.0事件震源机制解特征分析     

石学录  姚家骏  张博 《地震工程学报》2017,39(1):112-118

采用CAP方法反演2010年玉树7.1级地震序列前震、主震及余震19个M_L≥4.0事件的震源机制解,19个结果以走滑类型为主,前震、主震的震源机制解十分接近,反映出前震、主震之间密切的联系;震源深度集中在7~12 km,震源最浅（4.5 km）与最深（34 km）的两个余震事件具有明显的逆冲性质,表现出明显的边界特征;19个事件的震中分布在甘孜-玉树断裂北支玉树-隆宝断裂上,目前已经证明该断裂即为玉树地震的发震构造。自SE-NW沿玉树-隆宝断裂走向拉一剖面,观察震源深度沿剖面的变化情况,可看出玉树-隆宝断裂西北段震源深度要大于东南段,该段主要是余震活动的中后期,因此在地震活动的中后期,余震向地壳深部扩展,断裂累积的应变能得到更进一步的释放;P轴方位角优势分布集中在220°~230°,T轴方位优势分布集中在310°~320°,两个优势分布互相垂直性与单个事件的沙滩球应力轴一样,说明玉树地震的震源机制解类型较为简单;玉树周边地区应力场分布比较均匀,并不像汶川周边地区那么复杂,本次玉树地震为巴颜喀拉地块与羌塘块体边界处甘孜-玉树断裂应变能量的正常释放。  相似文献   

Metal Biosorption in Single‐ and Multi‐Metal Solutions by Biosorbents: Indicators of Efficacy in Natural Wastewater     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(1)

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Coastal protection using building with nature concept: A case study from Chongming Dongtan Shoal,China     

Zhentao Chong  Min Zhang  Jiahong Wen  Luyang Wang  Jie Mi  Jeremy Bricker  Stanley Nmor  Zhijun Dai 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(10):152-166

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Dependence of upper atmosphere photochemistry on the shape of the diurnal cycle of the photolysis rates     

Sonia MONTECINOS  Patricia BARRIENTOS 《大气科学进展》2006,23(2):207-214

A photochemical model of the atmosphere constitutes a non–linear, non–autonomous dynamical system, enforced by the Earth’s rotation. Some studies have shown that the region of the mesopause tends towards non–linear responses such as period-doubling cascades and chaos. In these studies, simple approximations for the diurnal variations of the photolysis rates are assumed. The goal of this article is to investigate what happens if the more realistic, calculated photolysis rates are introduced. It is found that, if the usual approximations—sinusoidal and step fiunctions—are assumed, the responses of the system are similar: it converges to a 2–day periodic solution. If the more realistic, calculated diurnal cycle is introduced, a new 4–day subharmonic appear.  相似文献