Analysis on the noises from continuously monitoring GPS sites     

黄立人  符养 《地震学报(英文版)》2007,20(2):206-211

In this paper,we analyze the time series of site coordinates of 27 continuously monitoring GPS sites covered bythe Crustal Movement Observation Network of China over the whole country.The data are obtained in the periodfrom the beginning of the observation to the November of 2005.On the basis of data processing,we analyze thepower spectrum density of coordinate component noise at each site and calculate the spectral indexes manifestingthe noise property of each component.The spectral indexes indicate that for most sites,the noise of time series ofeach coordinate component can be addressed by the model of white noise flicker noise;and for a small amountof sites,it can be described by the model of white noise flicker noise random walk noise.We also quantita-tively estimate each noise component in the model by using the criterion of maximum likelihood estimation.Theresult shows that the white noise in the time series of GPS site coordinates does not constitute the main part ofnoise.Therefore,the error estimation of site movement parameters is usually too small,or too optimistic if weconsider the white noise only.Correspondingly,if this factor is not fully considered in explaining these movementparameters,it might mislead the readers.  相似文献   

光学卫星常态化相对辐射定标方法研究     

师英蕊  姜洋  李立涛  于龙江  蒋永华 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(12):2410-2424

相对辐射定标是获得各类光学遥感卫星传感器的高精度观测产品的必备条件,由于受发射震动、在轨空间环境变化等因素以及传感器自身衰减的影响,传感器在轨响应状态会随时间发生衰减和漂移,单一相对辐射定标方法无法保障卫星传感器在特定时间的探元响应一致性。本文以光学卫星传感器全生命周期影像辐射质量保障为目标,主要研究了光学卫星传感器在轨生命周期内高频率、高定标精度的常态化相对辐射定标方法,并总结了当前常用的相对辐射定标精度评估方法,评估了各定标方法的指标以及应用场景。利用珞珈一号01星（LJ1-01）夜光传感器获取的影像进行在轨暗电流、和在轨均匀场地定标实验和验证,珠海一号02组高光谱卫星影像被用来实施和验证统计定标和偏航辐射定标方法,并耦合多种定标方法实现常态化辐射定标。实验结果表明：各种定标方法处理后影像的条纹系数小于0.25%,图像相对标准差均优于3.00%;多种定标方法相互结合的常态化辐射定标方法实现了多种定标方法的优势最大化,完成常见传感器的高精度在轨标定。  相似文献   

基于手绘图件的考古遗址三维建模方法     

林冰仙  周良辰  盛业华  闾国年 《地球信息科学学报》2014,(3):349-357

考古遗址是研究古代人类活动的重要场所。重建考古遗址三维模型对于历史回溯、古环境恢复和古迹保护等考古工作均具有重要的意义。传统考古发掘过程中普遍采用的手绘图件难以实现考古现场环境的模拟与再现,也不能准确地反映出遗址中文化层与其所包含地物的空间关系。近年来,考古学家引入各类勘察新技术用于考古文化层与遗迹的三维建模,但这些方法无法应用于已完成发掘工作的遗址三维重建。针对这一问题,本文提出一种以考古发掘过程中普遍采用的手绘图件为数据源的考古遗址三维建模方法。该方法以探方为基本建模单元,将考古文化层与遗迹分开建模,利用探方分布图及探方图建立考古文化层三维模型,利用遗迹图建立考古遗迹三维模型,并以三维实体布尔运算方法,将两者无缝整合,构建完整的田野考古遗址三维模型。最后,以湖南澧县八十垱东区为研究区,验证了本文相关研究成果的有效性与实用性。实践证明,该方法能够充分利用传统考古过程中积累的大量资料,有助于将传统考古学在宏观尺度下的定性描述转化为现代"数字考古"中微观尺度的定量描述。  相似文献   

3S技术支持下的小型遗址提取方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

高飞  王心源  吴立  白恩亮  何磊 《地理空间信息》2009,7(4):75-78

针对仅利用地物光谱分析方法不能识别某些小型遗址的现状，提出基于地物空间关系知识，多源信息复合提取遗址的思路获取目标信息。以安徽省巢湖柘皋地区为例，利用SPOT-5卫星影像和地形图数据，综合运用3S技术进行小型遗址信息提取研究。经过和巢湖文管部门普查记录对比，证明了该方法有效性。该方法可缩小遗址探查范围，为考古普查工作节约大量时间、人力和物力。  相似文献   

微纳米Ca(OH)₂加固遗址土室内试验研究     

郭青林  李平  张博  裴强强  王彦武  水碧纹  孙满利 《岩土力学》2023,(8):2221-2228

无机材料以兼容性强、耐久性好等特点被广泛应用于土遗址加固,特别疏松结构土遗址加固一直是学界关注的焦点,微纳米Ca(OH)₂具有分子结构小、加固效果显著和耐久性好等特点。以世界文化遗产锁阳城为代表,制备密度为1.5g/cm³的疏松土样,采用浓度为5%、7.5%和10%微纳米Ca(OH)₂的悬浊液滴渗加固,通过透气性、色差、无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度测试发现,透气性下降值均在2%以内,5%和7.5%微纳米Ca(OH)₂加固后色差ΔE_ab*均小于4,在一定范围内可接受;其中用浓度为7.5%微纳米Ca(OH)₂加固3次后抗压强度和抗剪强度均有提高,无侧限抗压强度增长率为9.8%,土的黏聚力增加了34%,内摩擦角提高了9°;土-水特征曲线表明,微纳米Ca(OH)₂对土的体积收缩率具有较好的抑制作用。扫描电镜、X射线衍射和热重分析发现,微纳米Ca(OH)₂渗透加固后,在碱性环境下发生了的物理化学反应,在物理层面主要通过填充、包...  相似文献   

采用逻辑回归的汾河流域遗址分布研究     

尚南  于丽君  聂跃平 《测绘科学》2015,(8):47-52

为了更好地指导考古挖掘和理解古人类活动,该文从汾河流域DEM数据中提取高程、坡度、坡向、地形起伏度、地表曲率、距河流距离及距大遗址距离等作为自变量,利用二元逻辑回归建立流域内仰韶时期至夏商时期各时期遗址分布模型,对模型结果进行了定量分析并生成了汾河流域各时期遗址分布概率图,在此基础上对汾河流域人类文化遗址的分布特征进行研究。遗址分布模型总体分类精度较好。遗址分布模型对考古工作及古环境研究具有重要价值,可以为考古工作提供决策支持。  相似文献   

Methodological comparison for quantitative analysis of fossil and recently derived carbon in mine soils with high content of aliphatic kerogen     

《Organic Geochemistry》2015

In mine soil, quantification of soil organic carbon (OC) derived recently from biomass decomposition is complicated by the presence of fossil (geogenic) C derived from coal, oil shale, or similar material in the overburden. The only reliable method for such measurement is ¹⁴C analysis (i.e. radiocarbon dating) using instrumentation such as accelerator mass spectrometry, which is too expensive for routine laboratory analysis. We tested two previously used and two new methods for recent C quantification and compared them with ¹⁴C AMS radiocarbon dating as a reference using a set of soil samples (n = 14) from Sokolov, Czech Republic: (i) ¹³C isotope ratio composition, (ii) cross polarization magic angle spinning ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS ¹³C NMR) spectroscopy, (iii) near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with partial least squares regression and (iv) Rock–Eval pyrolysis. Conventional methods for OC determination (dry combustion, wet dichromate oxidation, loss-on-ignition) were also compared to quantify any bias connected with their use. All the methods provided acceptable recent carbon estimates in the presence of mostly aliphatic fossil C from kerogen. However, the most accurate predictions were obtained with two approaches using Rock–Eval pyrolysis parameters as predictors, namely (i) S₂ curve components and (ii) oxygen index (OI). The S₂ curve approach is based on the lower thermal stability of recent vs. fossil organic matter. The OI approach corresponded well with ¹³C NMR spectra, which showed that samples rich in recent C were richer in carboxyl C and O-alkyl C. These two methods showed the greatest potential as routine methods for recent C quantification.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1982,34(4):458-490

Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing. Terrain Analysis and Remote Sensing . JOHN R. G. TOWNSHEND , ed. Environmental Data Use in Computer-assisted Data Handling Systems: The Results of a Survey of Applications in the Pacific Northwest States . KENNETH E. GORDON . Applied Land Use: A Spatial Approach . JOHN F. LOUNSBURY , LAWRENCE M. SOMMERS , AND EDWARD A. FERNALD , eds. The Second Battle of New Orleans: A History of the Vieux Carre Riverfront-Expressway Controversy . RICHARD O. BAUMBACH , JR. AND WILLIAM E. BORAH . Cultural Environmental Archaeology . MYRA SHACKLEY . The Immoral landscape: Female Prostitution in Western Societies . RICHARD SYMANSKI . life Among the Poor in Cairo . UNNI WIKAN , translated by Ann Henning. Women, Work and Property in Northwest India . URSULA SHARMA . The Domestication of Women: Discrimination in Developing Societies . BARBARA ROGERS Economic Optimization in Locational and Transport Analysis . A. G. WILSON , J. D. COELHO , S. M. MACGILL , H. C. W. L. WILLIAMS . New Tools for Economic Development: The Enterprise Zone, Development Bank, and RFC . GEORGE STERNLIEB AND DAVID LISTOKIN , eds. Regional Wage Inflation . R. L. MARTIN , ed. Finding A Place For Energy-Siting Coal Conversion Facilities . FRANK J. CALZONETTI WITH MARK S. ECKERT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Environmentalism. Second Edition . T. O'RIORDAN . Countryside Conservation . BRYN GREEN . Medical Spatial Diffusion: An Historical Geography of Epidemics in an Island Community . A. D. CLIFF , P. HAGGETT , J. K. ORD , AND G. R. VERSEY . Philosophy and Geographic Thought Order and Skepticism: Human Geography and the Dialectic of Science . RICHARD SZYMANSKI AND JOHN A. AGNEW . Measurement of Subjective Phenomena . D. F. JOHNSTON , ed. Conceptions of Space in Social Thought: A Geographic Perspective . ROBERT DAVID SACK . The Association of American Geographers: The First Seventy-five Years: 1904-1979 . PRESTON E. JAMES AND GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . The Life and Thought of Isaiah Bowman . GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . Physical River Basin Planning: Theory and Practice . SURANJIT K. SAHA AND CHRISTOPHER J. BARROW , eds. Soils and landforms: An Integration of Ceomorphology and Pedology . A. I. GERRARD Climatic Change and Society. Consequences of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide . WILLIAM W. KELLOGG AND ROBERT SCHWARE . Political Political Redistrictings and Geographic Theory . RICHARD L. MORRILL . Population Studies in Spanish American Population History: Dell Plain Latin American Studies NO. 8 . DAVID J. ROBINSON , ed. Population Redistribution in the Midwest . CURTIS C. ROSEMAN , ANDREW J. SOFRANKO , AND JAMES D. WILLIAMS , eds. Geographical Perspectives on the Elderly . A. M. WARNES , ed. Regional Perspective On the American South . MERLE BLACK AND JOHN SHELTON REED , eds. The Prairies and Plains: Prospects for the 80s . JOHN R. ROGGE , ed. Rural Rural Settlement in an Urban World . MICHAEL BUNCE . Social Accident at Three Mile Island: The Human Dimensions . DAVID L. SILLS , C. P. WOLF , AND VIVIEN B. SHELANSKI , eds. The American Small Town: Twentieth-Century Place Images . JOHN JAKLE . Urban A House of My Own . SUSAN LOBO . The City: Patterns and Processes in the Urban Ecosystem . CHRISTOPHER H. EXLINE , GARY L. PETERS , AND ROBERT P. LARKIN . Movement in Cities . P. W. DANIELS AND A. M. WARNES . Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society . MICHAEL DEAR AND ALLEN J. SCOT , eds.  相似文献   

Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Heavy Metal Deposition by Mosses in the Vicinity of Industrial Sites   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Harald G. Zechmeister  Alarich Riss  Andrea Hanus-Illnar 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,49(1-3):461-477

At four industrial regions, heavy metal concentrations and calculated depositions were investigated by sampling and analysing mosses. In each region, a special spatial pattern of heavy metal concentrations was detected, reflecting the industrial processes. Metals most likely originating from the industrial sites showed an exponential decrease of concentrations and depositions with increasing distance from the pollution source. The exponential deposition pattern was in some cases modified by a series of natural factors, like the main direction of winds or orographic conditions. The distance at which deposition dropped to background values was up to 20 km. Beside the fact that the moss-metho is a useful tool for deposition measurement in the vicinity of stationary sources, some improvements for using this method are discussed, highlighting factors such as a proper calculation of deposition from concentrations, or the better knowledge of correlations between heavy metal concentrations in mosses and effects on human health.  相似文献   

Adaptation of traditional places in Estonia: The case of village wooden swing sites     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(3):191-203

  相似文献