颗粒图像测速技术在桩基负摩阻力模型试验中的运用     

黄挺  戴国亮  龚维明  郑金海  徐国平 《岩土力学》2013,34(Z1):162-166

在桩基负摩阻力的研究中桩土位移需重点关注。作为一种成熟的流场测试手段,颗粒图像测速(paticle image velocimetry, PIV)技术已逐步推广至岩土研究领域,将该技术运用至桩基负摩阻力模型试验,可以弥补传统位移测试方法无法获得位移场分布等缺点。基于试验特点,设计由钢板和有机玻璃壁组成的试验箱,采用千斤顶配合置于土表的载荷板实现对土体加载。试验中,对不同土表超载作用下的土体分层沉降、桩身沉降及轴力进行测定,采用PIV技术对桩端处砂土的位移场实施了采样分析。试验表明,PIV所测位移数值与传统方法测得值吻合较好,PIV分析结果能够直观反映桩基受负摩阻力作用而产生的附加沉降;并且可以判断桩端沉降的影响范围,深度方向基本不超过1.75D（D为直径）,水平方向则基本在桩底边界范围内。最后,总结了PIV技术在模型试验中的运用,提出了几点在今后试验中可待改进的地方。  相似文献   

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王小辉  王琪洁  丁元兰  刘建 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(6):103-105

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褶皱中和面位置确定及其在六盘水涝河向斜中的应用     

顾宏星  傅雪海  季明  陈莉 《煤田地质与勘探》2011,39(5):11-14

假定弯曲流动褶皱的多层岩层是由多个各向同性的弹性薄层粘合而成的非均匀板,基于弹性薄板理论,研究了褶皱岩层仅受纯弯曲作用时褶皱中和面的位置的确定问题,得出了用各岩层弹性模量、泊松比和岩层厚度表示的褶皱中和面位置公式。结合贵州六盘水煤田涝河向斜,计算了涝河向斜褶皱中和面处于龙潭组9号煤层的底板岩层细砂岩中,距茅口组底部966 m, 煤岩层距离中和面越近,褶皱构造对其瓦斯赋存影响越少,使得该处的瓦斯含量与翼部差值就越小。研究成果对煤层气开发及煤与瓦斯突出防治具有一定的指导作用。   相似文献   

全长注浆岩石锚杆中性点影响因素分析研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱训国  杨庆 《岩土力学》2009,30(11):3386-3392

中性点理论是地下工程锚固理论中的重要理论,但目前对于中性点位置的确定计算公式存在不合理之处。在前人工作的基础上,对中性点理论进行了完善和改进。在建立的锚杆解析本构模型的基础上,结合中性点理论中锚杆中性点位置处的摩阻力为0的思想,对影响中性点位置的因素进行了较详细的分析,得出了影响锚杆中性点位置的相关因素。通过分析研究得到,静水垂直主应力、锚杆长度、锚杆行间距等3个因素对锚杆中性点的位置没有影响,而洞室半径、岩体弹性模量、锚杆弹性模量、锚杆直径等4个因素对其有显著的影响。其中,洞室半径、锚杆直径与中性点位置基本呈线性函数关系,而岩体弹性模量、锚杆弹性模量与中性点位置呈指数函数关系,岩体弹性模量与中性点位置呈递减指数函数关系,锚杆弹性模量与中性点位置呈递增指数函数关系。通过对这些因素的分析,得出了锚杆中性点位置与相关参数之间的统一函数关系,为进一步研究中性点理论提供了一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

Concentration, Molecular Weight Distribution and Neutral Sugar Composition of DOC in Maritime Antarctic Lakes of Differing Trophic Status     

Wendy C. Quayle  Peter Convey 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2006,12(2):161-178

The molecular weight distributions and hydrolysable neutral sugar composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was investigated in four maritime Antarctic lakes on Signy Island of different trophic status; Heywood Lake (eutrophic), Light Lake (oligo-mesotrophic), Sombre Lake and Moss Lake (both oligotrophic). Tangential flow ultra-filtration (TFU) was used to separate DOC into high molecular weight (HMW; >1000 Da) and low molecular weight (LMW; < 1000 Da) size fractions. Pulsed amperometric detection-high performance liquid chromatography (PAD-HPLC) was used to determine the hydrolysable neutral sugar molecular composition of each size fraction. Total DOC concentrations defined the trophic trend in the four lakes and ranged from 8 to 303 μM. The <1000 Da fraction of all the lakes dominated the DOC distribution, comprising 76% in Light Lake which also had the highest chl-a concentrations. Heywood Lake was relatively enriched in >1000 Da total organic carbon and had extremely high concentrations of total hydrolysable neutral sugars (11 μM) corresponding to 43% of total DOC. However, no clear pattern was apparent with regard to lake trophic status and potential sources of DOC, and the measured variations in individual aldose concentration, composition and their various molecular weight fractions.  相似文献   

Modeling neutral-atmospheric electromagnetic delays in a “big data” world     

Marcelo C. Santos  Thalia Nikolaidou 《地球空间信息科学学报》2018,21(2):75-79

If left unmodeled, the delay suffered by electromagnetic waves while crossing the neutral atmosphere negatively affects Global Navigation Satellite System positioning. The modeling of the delay has been carried out by means of empirical models formulated based on climatological information or using information extracted from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. This paper explores the potential use of meteorological information of several types that will become available with the increasing number of sensors (e.g. a cell phone, or the thermometer of a nearby smart home) in cyberspace. How can we make use of these potentially huge data-sets, which may help to provide the best possible representation of the neutral atmosphere at any given time, as readily and as accurately as possible? This situation falls in the realm of Big Data. A few potential scenarios, a sequential improvement of Marini mapping function coefficients, a self-feeding NWP, and near real-time empirical model updates, are discussed in this paper. The pros and cons of each approach are discussed in comparison with what is done today. Experiments indicate that they have potential for a positive contribution.  相似文献   

不同适温海洋富油微藻在富碳培养条件下的油脂积累特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王帅  郑立  韩笑天  李林  杨佰娟  刘晨光 《海洋学报》2014,36(12):41-52

本实验分别针对3株低温藻株:微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.ZL-12、四爿藻Tetraselmis chui ZL-33和小球藻Chlorellasp.ZL-45,3株中温藻株:球等鞭金藻Isochrysis galbana CCMM5001、等鞭金藻Isochrysis sp.CCMM5002和微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.CCMM7001,3株高温藻株:微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.JN1、绿色巴夫藻Pavlova viridis JN2和海洋小球藻Chlorellasp.JN3,研究了在通入0.03%(空气)、5%、10%3个CO2浓度梯度条件下的生长特性,同时考察了其总酯及中性脂的累积情况。结果显示,富碳培养有利于不同温度条件下9株藻株的生长,除微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.CCMM7001最适生长的CO2浓度为5%外,其余8株藻株最适生长的CO2浓度均为10%。在低温和高温条件下,6株海洋富油微藻在通入10%CO2时具有最大生物量产率,在中温条件下球等鞭金藻和等鞭金藻在通入10%CO2时获得最大生物量产率,而微拟球藻在通入5%时获得最大生物量产率,随着CO2浓度的增加,9株藻株的总脂含量和中性脂含量有明显提高。低温和中温藻株的总脂含量高于高温藻株的总脂含量,从中性脂的累积规律来看,9株藻株均在平台期的累积达到最大值,GC-MS分析结果表明,9株微藻适合制备生物柴油的C14~C18系脂肪酸相对含量在不同CO2条件下基本保持不变,维持在90%左右。实验结果显示,所研究的藻株作为富油高固碳优良藻株,具备用于海洋生物质能耦合CO2减排开发的潜力。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the mussel Perna perna as a biomonitor of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and effects     

Francioni E  de L R Wagener A  Scofield AL  Depledge MH  Cavalier B 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(3):329-338

The mussel Perna perna was used to monitor and assess areas suspected of oil contamination by transplanting animals from unimpacted to impacted sites and vice versa. The deployment lasted for three months during which total PAH were measured in seawater samples collected every 15 days. PAH concentrations were determined in mussel tissue monthly. The lysosomal neutral red assay and the condition index were used as biomarkers of the adverse biological effects. The PAH concentration in mussels at unimpacted sites, prior to deployment was ca. 100 microg kg(-1) but increased to 300 microg kg(-1) after three months at the contaminated site. Mussels transplanted to the uncontaminated site showed a decrease from 380 to 80 microg kg(-1). Significant changes in lysosomal stability occurred within one month of the beginning of the transposition; in contrast condition indexes were not correlated with the observed changes in PAH concentration.  相似文献   

Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of the Hydrothermal Clay Alteration in South Korea   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sang-Mo KOH  Tetsuichi TAKAGI  Moon–Young KIM  Kazuki NAITO  Sei–Sun HONG  Sadahisa SUDO 《Resource Geology》2000,50(4):229-242

Abstract: Hydrothermally altered areas forming pyrophyllite‐kaolin‐sericite‐alunite deposits are distributed in Chonnam and Kyongsang areas, Cretaceous volcanic field of the Yuchon Group. The Chonnam alteration area is located within depression zone which is composed of volcanic and granitic rocks of late Cretaceous age. The clay deposits of this area show the genetic relationship with silicic lava domes. The Kyongsang alteration area is mainly distributed within Kyongsang Basin comprising volcanic, sedimentary and granitic rocks of Cretaceous and Tertiary age. Most of the clay deposits of this area are closely related to cauldrons. Paleozoic clay deposit occurs in the contact zone between Precambrian Hongjesa granite gneiss and Paleozoic Jangsan quartzite of Choson Supergroup. Cretaceous igneous rocks of the both alteration areas belong to high K calc‐alkaline series formed in the volcanic arc of continental margin by subduction‐related magmatism. Chonnam igneous rocks show more enrichment of crustal components such as K, La, Ce, Sm, Nd and Ba, higher (La/Yb)cn ratio, and higher initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio (0. 708 to 0. 712) than those of Kyongsang igneous rocks. This might be due to the difference of degree of crustal contamination during Cretaceous magmatism. The most characteristic alteration minerals of Chonnam clay deposits are alunite, kaolin, quartz, pyrophyllite and diaspore which were formed by acidic solution. Those of Kyongsang clay deposits are sericite, quartz and pyrophyllite which were formed by weak acid and neutral solution. The formation ages of the clay deposits of two alteration areas range from 70. 1 to 81. 4 Ma and 39. 7 to 79. 4 Ma, respectively. The Daehyun clay deposit in Ponghwa area of Kyongsang province shows the alteration age range from 290 to 336 Ma. This result shows the different alteration episode from the hydrothermal alteration of Cretaceous to early Tertiary in the Kyongsang and Chonnam alteration areas. These data indicate, at least, three hydrothermal activities of Tertiary (middle to late Eocene), late Cretaceous (Santonian to Maastrichtian) and Paleozoic Carboniferous Periods in South Korea.  相似文献   

Evolution of groundwater chemical composition under human activity in an oilfield   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. P. Belousova  S. R. Krainov  B. N. Ryzhenko 《Environmental Geology》1999,38(1):34-46

 Analysis and hydrogeochemical modeling of hydrocarbonate groundwater, including its buffering geochemical properties, have demonstrated that this water has undergone a geochemical transformation almost throughout the whole of one industrial region. It is known that hydrocarbonate groundwater possesses a high protective natural geochemical potential, supporting neutralization of acid atmospheric precipitation. Natural hydrocarbonate water undergoes three stages of anthropogenic transformation caused by acid atmospheric precipitation over more than 50 years. The first stage is transformation of neutral hydrocarbonate water into alkaline water, accompanied by calcite precipitation and sodium carbonate dissolution from the unsaturated zone. The second stage is transformation of alkaline water into neutral hydrocarbonate water; the hydrocarbonate content, being less than the lower limit for background concentrations, showed reduced water buffering properties or protective potential relative to acid precipitation. The third stage is transformation of neutral hydrocarbonate water into acidic water, with a complete loss of protective geochemical potential. This unfavorable ecological situation with natural geochemically hydrocarbonate groundwater shows that natural groundwater less protected from the impact of acid atmospheric precipitation is in a worse ecological condition, which is confirmed by observations in northern and Western Europe and other regions of the world. Received: 30 October 1997 · Accepted: 23 March 1998  相似文献